US802223A

US802223A - Armed building-stone.

Info

Publication number: US802223A
Application number: US24685505A
Authority: US
Inventors: Jens Gabriel Fredrik Lund
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1905-02-23
Filing date: 1905-02-23
Publication date: 1905-10-17
Anticipated expiration: 1922-10-17

Description

No. 802,223, PATENTED OUT. 17, 1905. J. G. P. LUND. ARMED BUILDING STONE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB-23, 1905.

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No. 802,223. I PATENTED 00117, 1905.

J. G. F. LUND.

ARMED BUILDING STONE.

APPLIGAaTION FILED 313.23, 1905.

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ARMED BUlLDlNG-STONE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 17, 1905.

Application filed February 23, 1905. Serial No. 2463,855-

To alZ LU/b07771 it may concern:

Be it known that I, Jens GABRIEL FREDRIK LUND, engineer, a citizen of Norway, residing at Bjorn Farmandsgade 2, in the city of Christiania, Norway, have invented new and useful Improvements in Armed Building- Stone, of which the following is a specification.

The armed constructions of concrete hitherto used may be divided in two main groups. To the first one may, for instance, be reckoned the systems Hennebique, Monier, &c. The characteristic feature of this first group is that the floor is east at the building-place. This is for certain purposes very suitable; but it is followed by the great inconvenience that heavy and costly scaffolds must be used. Besides, the material is badly utilized, as the section is compact, and on account hereof the construction is very little sound-deadening and heat-insulating. The second main group is characterized, for instance, by system Siegwart, in which the building parts are pro duced in a manufactory way. Here the advantage of an economical utilization of material, &c., is present; but it is necessary to work with big and heavy building parts.

My present invention has for its object to avoid the disadvantages and to obtain the ad vantages of both groups; For this purpose the construction is built up by single hollow artificial stones provided with tongues and grooves in the direction perpendicular to the supports, and which stones are individually armed in the direction parallel to the supports, whereby the material may be easily placed far from the neutral axis.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of abuilding-stone which is armed in accordance with my present invention. Fig. 2 is longitudinal section of the stone. Figs. 3 and 4: are two views of a building construction seen from two directions perpendicular to each other and made by singly-armed artificial stones. Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional View along the line (1 Z) in Fig. 3. Figs. 6 and 7, 8 and 9,10 and 11 are central longitudinal sections and plan views, respectively, showing a second, third, and fourth form of execution of the arming.

Figs. 3 and 4C may represent a part of a wall or a floor. The stones provided with tongue and groove are placed in such a manner between the supports 1 and 2 that the stones of each row form a continuous tongue, which engage the corres 'ionding continuous groove formed by the neighl'ioring row. W hen, therefore, the joints Sare arranged in bond, the fioor or wall will be very resistant against loads in vertical, respectively in horizontal direction. The stresses caused by the loads are transferred only through the stone tongues 4: or groove projections 5 to the adjacent stones and from these latter further to both supports. The problem is here now to construct a stone which in consisting of a minimum quantity of material is able to resist these stresses. In the groove projections 5 and tongues 4: shearing stresses are caused exclusively or to a predomlnant extent. The

main flanges 8, however, also receive tension and compression. The question consequently is to arm the stones in sucha manner thatthc stone mass in connection with the irons embedded therein are able to resist these stresses, at the same time as all material is arranged as distant as possible from the axis of centers of gravity of the stones. This problem may be suitably solved in the manner shown in Figs. 1 and 2. In the

mass iron bands

6 and 7 are embedded alternately. The band 6 goes from the under part of the tongue 4 in an inclined direction upward through the tongue and through the upper part of one of the side walls 9, further through the upper main flange 8, then down through the other side wall 10, and at last in inclined direction to a point near the under side of the lower groove projection 5. (See the full lines in Fig. 1.) The next band 7, however, goes from the upper part of the tongue 4: in an inclined direction downward through the tongue and through the lower part of the wall 9, further through the lower main flange 8, then up through the other side wall 10, and at last in inclined direction to a point near the upper side of the upper groove projection 5. (See the dotted lines in Fig. 1.) In this manner the successive bands are alternately arranged, as clearly shown in Fig. 2. The distance between the bands maybe made. for instance, equal to the double band width. Instead of bands wires of iron may be used. It is seen without further (:lescription that the shearing stresses, which appear in the tongue i or the groove projections 5, will as tension in one set of iron bands be transferred to the main flanges 8. At the same time the flanges 8 are stayed against the appearing tension, while the compression is taken up by the concrete mass directly. It also will be understood that the material in this manner may be placed as far out as possible, whereby the best utilization is obtained. The whole construction becomes a small weight and fixed scafl'olds are not necessary for the mounting. Only displaceable plates are required, because the stones will carry themselves when three rows are mounted.

In the arrangement shown in Fig. 2 there are, between the bands, parts of the mass in which no hands are present. Although this is of small importance, it may easily be prevented, for instance, in the manner shown in Figs. 6 and 7, in which all upper iron parts (shown as wires or rods) are arranged aslope one way and the lower ones arranged aslope the other way. Herebya certain rigidity is obtained in the longitudinal direction of the stone. In Figs. 7, 9, and 11 the upper parts of the irons are illustrated by thick lines, while the lower parts are drawn by thin lines. This binding together in longitudinal direction is still more perfected in Figs. 8 and 9, in which the irons consist of expanded metal, which forms a continuous net. In this case one piece of expanded metal may be used for each set of irons, and these two pieces, the widths of which correspond to the complete length of each band in Fig. 1, are cut and bent in such amanner that one of them forms two sets of sloping iron parts, crossing each other and replacing the upper bands 6, while the other piece replaces the bands 7. The junction-points are preferably arranged at the middle of the flanges 8, and in order that the parts may clear each other both pieces are displaced a half-pitch in relation to each other, as shown in Figs. 8 and 9.

It is seen that in all preceding constructions the upper parts 6 are not connected with the lower parts This may, however, be accomplished by means of a single continuous wire, as shown in Figs. 10 and 11. Here every second crossing part 11 is bent upward and every second part 12 is bent down, as it is clearly seen by means of the thick and thin lines. The whole arming skeleton in this manner forms one single piece. The parts corresponding to the bands 6 are 17 18 11 19 20 and those corresponding to the bands 7 are l3 l4: 12 15 16.

(See also Fig. 7.)

Having now described myinvention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. A cast or pressed artificial-stone block, having an edge rib along one longitudinal edge, and an edge groove along the other longitudinal edge, and having within its mass a number of metal bands or wires which are arranged alternately in such a manner that one band extends from the under part of the edge rib through the upper main flange to the lower groove projection, while the next band extends from the upper part of-the edge rib through the lower main flange to the upper groove projection.

2. A cast or pressed artificial-stone block, having an edge rib along one longitudinal edge, and an edge groove along the other longitudinal edge, and having within its mass the upper main flange to the lower groove projection, while the next set of bands, sloping in an opposite direction, extend from the upper part of the edge rib through the lower main flange to the upper groove projection.

3. A cast or pressed artificial-stone block,

having an edge rib along one longitudinal edge, and an edge groove along the other longitudinal edge, and having within its mass net-like metal bands or wires havingoverlapping parts and which are arranged alternately in such a manner that one band extends from the under part of the edge rib through the upper main flange to the lower groove projection, while the next band extends from the upper part of the edge rib through the lower main flange to the upper groove projection.

4. A cast or pressed artificial-stone block,

having an edge rib along one longitudinal edge, and an edge groove along the other longitudinal edge and having within its mass I00 net-like metal bands or wires having overlapping parts, and constituting a cage, which passes through the edge rib, and through the upper and lower main flanges oi the block.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name 5 to this specification in the presence of two sul scribing witnesses.

JENS GABRIEL FREDRIK LUNI).

IVitnesses:

RICHARD TROKKE, AxEL LAHN.