US8020980B2 - Printer with reservoir headspace pressure control - Google Patents

Printer with reservoir headspace pressure control Download PDF

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Publication number
US8020980B2
US8020980B2 US11/872,718 US87271807A US8020980B2 US 8020980 B2 US8020980 B2 US 8020980B2 US 87271807 A US87271807 A US 87271807A US 8020980 B2 US8020980 B2 US 8020980B2
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
ink
printhead
sump
inkjet printer
headspace
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related, expires
Application number
US11/872,718
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US20090096846A1 (en
Inventor
John Douglas Peter Morgan
David John Worboys
Miao Wang
Patrick John McAuliffe
Kia Silverbrook
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Memjet Technology Ltd
Original Assignee
Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd filed Critical Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd
Priority to US11/872,718 priority Critical patent/US8020980B2/en
Assigned to SILVERBROOK RESEARCH PTY LTD reassignment SILVERBROOK RESEARCH PTY LTD ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MCAULIFFE, PATRICK JOHN, MORGAN, JOHN DOUGLAS PETER, SILVERBROOK, KIA, WANG, MIAO, WORBOYS, DAVID JOHN
Publication of US20090096846A1 publication Critical patent/US20090096846A1/en
Assigned to SILVERBROOK RESEARCH PTY LTD reassignment SILVERBROOK RESEARCH PTY LTD ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MCAULIFFE, PATRICK JOHN, MORGAN, JOHN DOUGLAS PETER, SILVERBROOK, KIA, WANG, MIAO, WORBOYS, DAVID JOHN
Priority to US13/219,708 priority patent/US8500261B2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US8020980B2 publication Critical patent/US8020980B2/en
Assigned to ZAMTEC LIMITED reassignment ZAMTEC LIMITED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SILVERBROOK RESEARCH PTY. LIMITED AND CLAMATE PTY LIMITED
Assigned to MEMJET TECHNOLOGY LIMITED reassignment MEMJET TECHNOLOGY LIMITED CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ZAMTEC LIMITED
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Adjusted expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/17—Ink jet characterised by ink handling
    • B41J2/175—Ink supply systems ; Circuit parts therefor
    • B41J2/17503—Ink cartridges
    • B41J2/17556—Means for regulating the pressure in the cartridge

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to printers and in particular the fluidic architecture of inkjet printers.
  • Inkjet printing is a popular and versatile form of print imaging.
  • the Assignee has developed printers that eject ink through MEMS printhead IC's.
  • These printhead IC's integrated circuits are formed using lithographic etching and deposition techniques used for semiconductor fabrication.
  • micro-scale nozzle structures in MEMS printhead IC's allow a high nozzle density (nozzles per unit of IC surface area), high print resolutions, low power consumption, self cooling operation and therefore high print speeds.
  • Such printheads are described in detail in U.S. Ser. No. 10/160,273 filed Jun. 4, 2002 and U.S. Ser. No. 10/728,804 filed on Dec. 8, 2003 to the present Assignee. The disclosures of these documents are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the small nozzle structures and high nozzle densities can create difficulties with color mixing between nozzles of different color.
  • the separate fluidic lines for each ink color can undergo slight pressure changes relative to each other. Different rates of heating and outgassing in different ink lines will generate a slight pressure differential. If paper dust or ink residue on the nozzle face extends between nozzles of the different ink lines, the dust or residual ink can forge a fluid connection between the two ink lines.
  • the ink lines try to equalize the pressure difference between them and this drives an ink from the higher pressure line to the lower pressure line. If left unchecked, the ink contamination in the lower pressure ink line can extend to the ink tank. In this case, the contaminated ink supply is irretrievable and needs replacement before the ink lines are flushed through to the nozzles.
  • the ink tanks can be isolated from the printhead by a shut off valve upstream of the printhead. This protects the tanks from contamination during standby, but there is a risk that the tank and the printhead will generate a pressure difference during the standby period. If this happens, the sudden pressure equalization causes a pulse through the ink line which floods the nozzle plate.
  • an inkjet printer comprising:
  • a printhead for printing onto a media substrate
  • a reservoir for containing a quantity of ink the reservoir having a lower portion for holding ink and an upper portion defining a headspace of air above the ink;
  • a pump for drawing air from the headspace into atmosphere.
  • the invention uses a fluidic system that controls the air pressure in the headspace of an ink reservoir to control the hydrostatic pressure of the ink at the key points along the ink line.
  • Controlling the ink pressure in one of the ink reservoirs can maintain a more consistent negative pressure (i.e. a hydroststatic pressure less than atmospheric) at the printhead nozzles.
  • the negative pressure at the printhead nozzles prevents, or at least reduces color mixing by ensuring that the ink meniscus at each nozzle is drawn inwards. An inwardly drawn meniscus significantly reduces the chance that paper dust or residual ink can establish a fluid connection between nozzles of different color.
  • Drawing air from the headspace in the sump helps to equalize the pressure in the different ink lines as the sump headspace is common to all the color channels.
  • the air pressure in each ink tank is equal and so the hydrostatic pressure of the ink at the nozzles will only vary by the variations in the ink levels of the ink tanks. In a normal usage profile, the ink levels remain roughly the same for each ink tank.
  • the tanks can have a wide and squat shape to reduce the change in hydrostatic pressure from full to empty. With equal pressures (or at least very nearly equal pressures) in each ink line, there is no pressure differential to drive a color mixing process other than diffusion. As the fluid connection across the nozzle is so small, mixing by diffusion is negligible.
  • the reservoir is a sump that collects waste ink drained from the printhead.
  • the reservoir is an ink tank for supplying ink to the printhead.
  • the printer is a color printer for printing a plurality of differently colored inks, each of the differently colored inks being stored in a respective ink tank for supplying the printhead, the headspace of each of the tanks is connected to the pump such that they are in fluid communication with each other.
  • the reservoir has a vent for venting the headspace to atmosphere, and for allowing a throttled flow of air into the headspace as the pump is drawing air out of the headspace.
  • the vent has a filter for removing particulate contaminants from the throttled air flow into the headspace.
  • the printing further comprises an upstream valve positioned upstream of the printhead.
  • the printer further comprises a downstream valve positioned downstream of the printhead.
  • the pump is reversible such that it can increase the air pressure in the headspace and force ink towards the printhead.
  • the pump is used to prime the printhead.
  • the pump is used to purge ink from the nozzles and flood the printhead.
  • the printhead has a distribution manifold and a plurality of printhead integrated circuits mounted to the distribution manifold such that priming the distribution manifold with ink also primes the printhead integrated circuits.
  • the printer further comprises a maintenance station having a capper and blotter for the printhead integrated circuits.
  • the pump is in fluid communication with the maintenance station and the sump such that ink collected by the maintenance station can be transferred to the sump by running the pump in one direction and air drawn from the headspace by running the pump in the other direction.
  • the printhead is provided as a user removable and replaceable cartridge which is fluidly detachable from the printer via the upstream and the downstream valves.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a printer fluidic system according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of another printer fluidic system according to the present invention.
  • the printer fluidics system is shown schematically for the purposes of illustration.
  • a single ink line for one color is shown in full.
  • the ink tanks 10 and 12 for other color are shown in dotted line.
  • a color printer would have complete ink lines for each ink color.
  • Most of the individual components within the system are shown and described in much greater detail in the Applicant's co-pending application U.S. Ser. No. 11/688,863, filed on Mar. 21, 2007, the contents of which are incorporated herein by cross reference. Components of the present system that are not shown in the cross referenced document, are commercially available.
  • the fluidic system shown in FIG. 1 has a printhead 2 supplied with ink 14 from an ink tank 8 via an upstream ink line 20 . Waste ink from the printhead 2 drains to a sump 28 through downstream ink line 24 .
  • the upstream ink line 20 has a shut off valve 18 and the downstream ink line has shut off valve 26 .
  • These valves can be used for priming and purging ink (discussed below) and as detachable fluid connections is the printhead is provided in the form of user removable and replaceable cartridge such as that shown in the above referenced U.S. Ser. No. 11/688,863, filed on Mar. 21, 2007.
  • the printhead has a maintenance station 22 for capping and blotting the nozzles.
  • a drain line 16 connects the maintenance station 22 to the sump 28 .
  • the printhead 2 is an assembly of an ink distribution manifold 4 on which a series of printhead integrated circuits (ICs) 6 are mounted.
  • the printhead ICs 6 define the nozzle arrays which eject the ink to the media substrate.
  • the nozzles are MEMS devices which can be thermally actuated such as those described in U.S. Ser. No. 11/482,953 filed on Jul. 10, 2006 or mechanically actuated such as those disclosed in U.S. Ser. No. 10/160,273 filed Jun. 4, 2002.
  • the ink distribution manifold 4 is an LCP molding with a system of large channels feeding a network of smaller channels to supply the ink to many points along the length of each printhead IC 6 .
  • An embodiment of the distribution manifold 4 and the printhead ICs 6 is disclosed in detail in the U.S. Ser. No. 11/688,863 filed Mar. 21, 2007 reference listed above. This document also details the manner in which the printhead is primed with ink or, if necessary, purged of ink to correct any cross channel color contamination and/or bubble removal.
  • the air pump 30 draws air from the headspace 32 in the tank 8 .
  • the air pressure in the headspace drops and air is drawn back into the headspace 32 through the filtered vent 40 .
  • the air constriction from the vent 40 is carefully controlled to create a predetermined negative air pressure.
  • the tubing 38 fluidly connects the headspaces 34 and 36 in tanks 10 and 12 such that all the headspaces are at the same air pressure.
  • Tanks 10 and 12 can have their own vents to atmosphere (not shown) but the system will operate with a single vent.
  • the hydrostatic pressure in the ink is very early equal.
  • the hydrostatic pressure of the ink at the nozzles will only vary by the variations in the ink levels of the ink tanks. Normal usage is designed to keep the ink levels roughly the same in each ink tank. To further minimize variations, the tanks can have a wide and squat shape to reduce the change in hydrostatic pressure from full to empty. With equal pressures (or at least very nearly equal pressures) in each ink line, there is no pressure differential to drive a color mixing process other than diffusion. As the fluid connection across the nozzle is so small, mixing by diffusion is negligible.
  • the pump 30 is reversible so it can be used to pressurize the headspaces 32 , 34 and 36 in order to prime the printhead 2 or purge ink through the printhead ICs 6 .
  • Priming requires the upstream and downstream shut off valves 18 and 26 to be open.
  • Ink from the tanks 8 , 10 and 12 is forced down the upstream ink line 20 , through the distribution manifold 4 and into the sump 28 via the downstream ink line 24 .
  • the printhead ICs 6 prime by capillary action from the ink in the distribution manifold.
  • the down stream valve 26 is closed as the pump 30 pressurizes the headspace 32 . Ink is forced from the nozzles and the resulting flood on the nozzle plate is cleared with the maintenance station 22 .
  • the pump 30 operates during a power up standby mode. That is, during periods of inactivity between print jobs, but the printer is still plugged in and connected to a power supply. During a power off standby, the shut off valve 18 and 26 are closed to isolate the printhead and prevent mixing. When the printer powers up again, the pump 30 can be used to ready the printhead by priming or purging (if necessary) as discussed above.
  • FIG. 2 shows the pump 30 operating on the headspace 32 of the sump 28 instead of the ink tank 8 .
  • a single ink line is shown but the color printer will have several color lines all draining to the same sump 28 .
  • a single pump can be used to change the hydrostatic pressures in the ink at the nozzles.
  • the upstream shut off valve 18 is closed during power down standby.
  • the negative air pressure in the headspace 32 draws on the column of ink hanging from the printhead 2 . This ensures that a sufficiently negative pressure is maintained at the nozzles. More importantly, the negative pressure in the nozzles of each color is the same. As discussed above, this removes the mechanism that drives the color mixing process.
  • the pump 30 is marginally more complex in that it needs to be able to handle an ink/air mixture. It is in the drain line 16 from the maintenance assembly 22 to the sump 28 to assist the transfer of blotted ink to the sump 28 but needs to be able to draw air from the headspace 32 or from atmosphere through the filter 42 .
  • priming requires the upstream valve 18 to be open and the pump 30 to create a low pressure in the sump 28 to draw the ink from the tank 8 down the upstream ink line 20 , through the distribution manifold 4 and into the downstream ink line 24 .
  • the printhead ICs 6 prime by capillarity.
  • the upstream valve 18 is closed and the pump 30 creates a positive pressure in the headspace 32 to force the ink in the down stream ink line 24 and the distribution manifold 4 to flood the printhead ICs 6 .

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Abstract

An inkjet printer that has a printhead for printing onto a media substrate, and a reservoir for containing a quantity of ink, the reservoir having a lower portion for holding ink and an upper portion defining a headspace of air above the ink. A fluid connection extends between the printhead and the reservoir. A pump draws air from the headspace to lower its air pressure and thereby controls the hydrostatic pressure of the ink at the printhead.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to printers and in particular the fluidic architecture of inkjet printers.
CO-PENDING APPLICATIONS
The following application has been filed by the Applicant simultaneously with the present application:
    • U.S. Pat. No. 7,914,132
The disclosure of this co-pending application is incorporated herein by reference.
CROSS REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
Various methods, systems and apparatus relating to the present invention are disclosed in the following US patents/patent applications filed by the applicant or assignee of the present invention:
6,276,850 6,520,631 6,158,907 6,539,180 6,270,177 6,405,055 6,628,430
6,835,135 6,626,529 6,981,769 7,125,338 7,125,337 7,136,186 10/920,372
7,145,689 7,130,075 7,081,974 7,177,055 7,209,257 6,443,555 7,161,715
7,154,632 7,158,258 7,148,993 7,075,684 10/943,905 10/943,906 10/943,904
10/943,903 10/943,902 6,966,659 6,988,841 7,077,748 7,255,646 7,070,270
7,014,307 7,158,809 7,217,048 11/225,172 11/255,942 11/329,039 11/329,040
7,271,829 11/442,189 11/474,280 11/483,061 11/503,078 11/520,735 11/505,858
11/525,850 11/583,870 11/592,983 11/592,208 11/601,828 11/635,482 11/635,526
10/466,440 7,215,441 11/650,545 11/653,241 11/653,240 7,056,040 6,942,334
11/706,300 11/740,265 11/737,720 11/739,056 11/740,204 11/740,223 11/753,557
11/750,285 11,758,648 11/778,559 11,834,634 11/838,878 11,845,669 6,799,853
7,237,896 6,749,301 10/451,722 7,137,678 7,252,379 7,144,107 10/503,900
10/503,898 10/503,897 7,220,068 7,270,410 7,241,005 7,108,437 7,140,792
10/503,922 7,224,274 10/503,917 10/503,918 10/503,925 10/503,927 10/503,928
10/503,929 10/503,885 7,195,325 7,229,164 7,150,523 10/503,889 7,154,580
6,906,778 7,167,158 7,128,269 6,688,528 6,986,613 6,641,315 10/503,890
10/503,891 7,150,524 7,155,395 6,915,140 6,999,206 6,795,651 6,883,910
7,118,481 7,136,198 7,092,130 6,786,661 6,808,325 10/920,368 10/920,284
7,219,990 10/920,283 6,750,901 6,476,863 6,788,336 6,322,181 6,597,817
6,227,648 6,727,948 6,690,419 10/470,947 6,619,654 6,969,145 6,679,582
10/470,942 6,568,670 6,866,373 10/102,696 7,008,044 6,742,871 6,966,628
6,644,781 6,969,143 6,767,076 6,834,933 6,692,113 6,913,344 6,727,951
7,128,395 7,036,911 7,032,995 6,969,151 6,955,424 6,969,162 10/919,249
6942315-B2 11/006,577 7,234,797 6,986,563 11/063,577 11/045,442 11/124,044
11/124,284 7,077,330 6,196,541 11/149,389 11/185,725 7,226,144 11/202,344
7,267,428 11/248,423 11/248,422 7,093,929 11/282,769 11/330,060 11/442,111
11/472,406 11/499,806 11/499,710 6,195,150 11,749,156 11,782,588 11/854,435
11/853,817 6,362,868 6,831,681 6,431,669 6,362,869 6,472,052 6,356,715
6,894,694 6,636,216 6,366,693 6,329,990 6,459,495 6,137,500 6,690,416
7,050,143 6,398,328 7,110,024 6,431,704 6,879,341 6,415,054 6,665,454
6,542,645 6,486,886 6,381,361 6,317,192 6,850,274 09/113,054 6,646,757
6,624,848 6,357,135 6,271,931 6,353,772 6,106,147 6,665,008 6,304,291
6,305,770 6,289,262 6,315,200 6,217,165 6,496,654 6,859,225 6,924,835
6,647,369 6,943,830 09/693,317 7,021,745 6,712,453 6,460,971 6,428,147
6,416,170 6,402,300 6,464,340 6,612,687 6,412,912 6,447,099 6,837,567
6,505,913 7,128,845 6,733,684 7,249,108 6,566,858 6,331,946 6,246,970
6,442,525 09/517,384 09/505,951 6,374,354 7,246,098 6,816,968 6,757,832
6,334,190 6,745,331 7,249,109 10/203,559 7,197,642 7,093,139 10/636,263
10/636,283 10/866,608 7,210,038 10/902,833 10/940,653 10/942,858 11/706,329
11/757,385 11/758,642 7,119,836 10/322,698 10/642,331 10/636,285 7,170,652
6,967,750 6,995,876 7,099,051 7,172,191 7,243,916 7,222,845 11/239,232
11/055,276 7,063,940 11/107,942 7,193,734 7,086,724 7,090,337 11/185,952
7,140,717 11/190,902 11/209,711 7,256,824 7,140,726 7,156,512 7,186,499
11/478,585 11/525,862 11/540,574 11/583,875 11/592,181 6,750,944 11/599,336
11/650,548 11,744,183 11/758,646 11/778,561 11/839,532 11/838,874 11/853,021
11/869,710 11/868,531 10/636,225 10/510,094 6,985,207 6,773,874 6,650,836
10/666,495 10/636,224 7,250,975 10/636,214 6,880,929 7,236,188 7,236,187
7,155,394 10/636,219 10/636,223 7,055,927 6,986,562 7,052,103 10/656,469
10/656,281 10/656,791 10/666,124 10/683,217 10/683,197 7,095,533 6,914,686
6,896,252 6,820,871 6,834,851 6,848,686 6,830,246 6,851,671 10/729,098
7,092,011 7,187,404 10/729,159 10/753,458 6,878,299 6,929,348 6,921,154
10/780,625 10/804,042 6,913,346 10/831,238 10/831,237 10/831,239 10/831,240
10/831,241 10/831,234 10/831,233 7,246,897 7,077,515 10/831,235 10/853,336
10/853,659 10/853,681 6,913,875 7,021,758 7,033,017 7,161,709 7,099,033
7,147,294 7,156,494 11/012,024 11/011,925 7,032,998 7,044,585 11/007,250
6,994,424 11/006,787 7,258,435 7,097,263 7,001,012 7,004,568 7,040,738
7,188,933 7,027,080 7,025,446 6,991,321 7,131,715 7,261,392 7,207,647
7,182,435 7,097,285 11/228,410 7,097,284 7,083,264 7,147,304 7,232,203
7,156,498 7,201,471 11/501,772 11/503,084 11/513,073 7,210,764 11/635,524
11/706,379 11/730,386 11/730,784 11/753,568 11/782,591 11/859,783 6,710,457
6,775,906 6,507,099 7,221,043 7,107,674 7,154,172 11/442,400 7,247,941
11/736,540 11/758,644 6,530,339 6,631,897 6,851,667 6,830,243 6,860,479
6,997,452 7,000,913 7,204,482 11/212,759 11/281,679 11/730,409 6,238,044
6,425,661 11/003,786 7,258,417 11/003,418 11/003,334 7,270,395 11/003,404
11/003,419 11/003,700 7,255,419 11/003,618 7,229,148 7,258,416 7,273,263
7,270,393 6,984,017 11/003,699 11/071,473 7,156,497 11/601,670 11,748,482
11/778,563 11/779,851 11/778,574 11/853,816 11/853,814 11/853,786 11/856,694
11/003,463 11/003,701 11/003,683 11/003,614 11/003,702 11/003,684 7,246,875
11/003,617 11/764,760 11,853,777 11/293,800 11/293,802 11/293,801 11/293,808
11/293,809 11/482,975 11/482,970 11/482,968 11/482,972 11/482,971 11/482,969
6,431,777 6,334,664 6,447,113 7,239,407 6,398,359 6,652,089 6,652,090
7,057,759 6,631,986 7,187,470 11/315,356 11/501,775 11,744,210 11/859,784
6,471,331 6,676,250 6,347,864 6,439,704 6,425,700 6,588,952 6,626,515
6,722,758 6,871,937 11/060,803 11/097,266 11/097,267 11/685,084 11/685,086
11/685,090 11/740,925 11/763,444 11/763,443 7,249,942 7,206,654 7,162,324
7,162,325 7,231,275 7,146,236 10/753,475 10/753,499 6,997,698 7,220,112
7,231,276 10/753,440 7,220,115 7,195,475 7,144,242 11/499,746 11/501,774
11/525,858 11/545,501 11/599,335 11/706,380 11,736,545 11/736,554 11/739,047
11,749,159 11/739,073 11/775,160 11/853,755 TEST 6,786,420 6,827,282
6,948,661 7,073,713 10/983,060 7,093,762 7,083,108 7,222,799 7,201,319
11/442,103 11/739,071 11/518,238 11/518,280 11/518,244 11/518,243 11/518,242
7,032,899 6,854,724 11/084,237 11/084,240 11/084,238 11/357,296 11/357,298
11/357,297 6,350,023 6,318,849 6,592,207 6,439,699 6,312,114 11/246,676
11/246,677 11/246,678 11/246,679 11/246,680 11/246,681 11/246,714 11/246,713
11/246,689 11/246,671 11/246,670 11/246,669 11/246,704 11/246,710 11/246,688
11/246,716 11/246,715 11/246,707 11/246,706 11/246,705 11/246,708 11/246,693
11/246,692 11/246,696 11/246,695 11/246,694 11/482,958 11/482,955 11/482,962
11/482,963 11/482,956 11/482,954 11/482,974 11/482,957 11/482,987 11/482,959
11/482,960 11/482,961 11/482,964 11/482,965 11/482,976 11/482,973 11/495,815
11/495,816 11/495,817 10/803,074 10/803,073 7,040,823 10/803,076 10/803,077
10/803,078 10/803,079 10/922,971 10/922,970 10/922,836 10/922,842 10/922,848
10/922,843 7,125,185 7,229,226 11/513,386 11/753,559 10/815,621 7,243,835
10/815,630 10/815,637 10/815,638 7,251,050 10/815,642 7,097,094 7,137,549
10/815,618 7,156,292 11,738,974 10/815,635 10/815,647 10/815,634 7,137,566
7,131,596 7,128,265 7,207,485 7,197,374 7,175,089 10/815,617 10/815,620
7,178,719 10/815,613 7,207,483 10/815,619 7,270,266 10/815,614 11/446,240
11/488,162 11/488,163 11/488,164 11/488,167 11/488,168 11/488,165 11/488,166
7,267,273 11/834,628 11/839,497 10/815,636 7,128,270 11/041,650 11/041,651
11/041,652 11/041,649 11/041,610 11,863,253 11,863,255 11/863,257 11,863,258
11,863,262 11/041,609 11/041,626 11/041,627 11/041,624 11/041,625 11,863,268
11,863,269 11,863,270 11,863,271 11,863,273 76,584,733 11/041,556 11/041,580
11/041,723 11/041,698 11/041,648 11,863,263 11,863,264 11,863,265 11,863,266
11,863,267 10/815,609 7,150,398 7,159,777 10/815,610 7,188,769 7,097,106
7,070,110 7,243,849 11/442,381 11/480,957 11/764,694 6,227,652 6,213,588
6,213,589 6,231,163 6,247,795 6,394,581 6,244,691 6,257,704 6,416,168
6,220,694 6,257,705 6,247,794 6,234,610 6,247,793 6,264,306 6,241,342
6,247,792 6,264,307 6,254,220 6,234,611 6,302,528 6,283,582 6,239,821
6,338,547 6,247,796 6,557,977 6,390,603 6,362,843 6,293,653 6,312,107
6,227,653 6,234,609 6,238,040 6,188,415 6,227,654 6,209,989 6,247,791
6,336,710 6,217,153 6,416,167 6,243,113 6,283,581 6,247,790 6,260,953
6,267,469 6,588,882 6,742,873 6,918,655 6,547,371 6,938,989 6,598,964
6,923,526 6,273,544 6,309,048 6,420,196 6,443,558 6,439,689 6,378,989
6,848,181 6,634,735 6,299,289 6,299,290 6,425,654 6,902,255 6,623,101
6,406,129 6,505,916 6,457,809 6,550,895 6,457,812 7,152,962 6,428,133
7,216,956 7,080,895 11/144,844 7,182,437 11/599,341 11/635,533 11/607,976
11/607,975 11/607,999 11/607,980 11/607,979 11/607,978 11/735,961 11/685,074
11/696,126 11/696,144 11/696,650 11/763,446 6,224,780 6,235,212 6,280,643
6,284,147 6,214,244 6,071,750 6,267,905 6,251,298 6,258,285 6,225,138
6,241,904 6,299,786 6,866,789 6,231,773 6,190,931 6,248,249 6,290,862
6,241,906 6,565,762 6,241,905 6,451,216 6,231,772 6,274,056 6,290,861
6,248,248 6,306,671 6,331,258 6,110,754 6,294,101 6,416,679 6,264,849
6,254,793 6,245,246 6,855,264 6,235,211 6,491,833 6,264,850 6,258,284
6,312,615 6,228,668 6,180,427 6,171,875 6,267,904 6,245,247 6,315,914
7,169,316 6,526,658 7,210,767 11/056,146 11/635,523 6,665,094 6,450,605
6,512,596 6,654,144 7,125,090 6,687,022 7,072,076 7,092,125 7,215,443
7,136,195 7,077,494 6,877,834 6,969,139 10/636,227 10/636,265 6,912,067
7,277,205 7,154,637 10/636,230 7,070,251 6,851,782 10/636,211 10/636,247
6,843,545 7,079,286 7,064,867 7,065,247 7,027,177 7,218,415 7,064,873
6,954,276 7,061,644 7,092,127 7,059,695 10/990,382 7,177,052 7,270,394
11/124,231 7,188,921 7,187,469 7,196,820 11/281,445 11/329,041 7,251,051
7,245,399 11/524,911 11/640,267 11/706,297 11/730,387 11/737,142 11/764,729
11/834,637 11/853,019 11/863,239 11/305,274 11/305,273 11/305,275 11/305,152
11/305,158 11/305,008 6,231,148 6,293,658 6,614,560 6,238,033 6,312,070
6,238,111 6,378,970 6,196,739 6,270,182 6,152,619 7,006,143 6,876,394
6,738,096 6,970,186 6,287,028 6,412,993 11/033,145 11/102,845 11/102,861
11/248,421 11/672,878 7,204,941 10/815,624 10/815,628 11,845,672 7,278,727
10/913,373 10/913,374 10/913,372 7,138,391 7,153,956 10/913,380 10/913,379
10/913,376 7,122,076 7,148,345 11/172,816 11/172,815 11/172,814 11/482,990
11/482,986 11/482,985 11/454,899 11/583,942 11/592,990 11,849,360 11/831,961
11/831,962 11/831,963 60,951,700 11/832,629 11/832,637 60,971,535 10/407,212
7,252,366 10/683,064 10/683,041 7,275,811 10/884,889 10/922,890 10/922,875
10/922,885 10/922,889 10/922,884 10/922,879 10/922,887 10/922,888 10/922,874
7,234,795 10/922,871 10/922,880 10/922,881 10/922,882 10/922,883 10/922,878
10/922,872 10/922,876 10/922,886 10/922,877 7,147,792 7,175,774 11/159,193
11/491,378 11,766,713 11/841,647 11/482,980 11/563,684 11/482,967 11/482,966
11/482,988 11/482,989 11/293,832 11/293,838 11/293,825 11/293,841 11/293,799
11/293,796 11/293,797 11/293,798 11/124,158 11/124,196 11/124,199 11/124,162
11/124,202 11/124,197 11/124,154 11/124,198 11/124,153 11/124,151 11/124,160
11/124,192 11/124,175 11/124,163 11/124,149 11/124,152 11/124,173 11/124,155
7,236,271 11/124,174 11/124,194 11/124,164 11/124,200 11/124,195 11/124,166
11/124,150 11/124,172 11/124,165 11/124,186 11/124,185 11/124,184 11/124,182
11/124,201 11/124,171 11/124,181 11/124,161 11/124,156 11/124,191 11/124,159
11/124,176 11/124,188 11/124,170 11/124,187 11/124,189 11/124,190 11/124,180
11/124,193 11/124,183 11/124,178 11/124,177 11/124,148 11/124,168 11/124,167
11/124,179 11/124,169 11/187,976 11/188,011 11/188,014 11/482,979 11/735,490
11/853,018 11/228,540 11/228,500 11/228,501 11/228,530 11/228,490 11/228,531
11/228,504 11/228,533 11/228,502 11/228,507 11/228,482 11/228,505 11/228,497
11/228,487 11/228,529 11/228,484 11/228,489 11/228,518 11/228,536 11/228,496
11/228,488 11/228,506 11/228,516 11/228,526 11/228,539 11/228,538 11/228,524
11/228,523 11/228,519 11/228,528 11/228,527 11/228,525 11/228,520 11/228,498
11/228,511 11/228,522 11/228,515 11/228,537 11/228,534 11/228,491 11/228,499
11/228,509 11/228,492 11/228,493 11/228,510 11/228,508 11/228,512 11/228,514
11/228,494 11/228,495 11/228,486 11/228,481 11/228,477 11/228,485 11/228,483
11/228,521 11/228,517 11/228,532 11/228,513 11/228,503 11/228,480 11/228,535
11/228,478 11/228,479 6,238,115 6,386,535 6,398,344 6,612,240 6,752,549
6,805,049 6,971,313 6,899,480 6,860,664 6,925,935 6,966,636 7,024,995
10/636,245 6,926,455 7,056,038 6,869,172 7,021,843 6,988,845 6,964,533
6,981,809 11/060,804 7,258,067 11/155,544 7,222,941 11/206,805 11/281,421
7,249,904 11/737,726 11,772,240 11/863,246 11/863,145 11/865,650 6,087,638
6,340,222 6,041,600 6,299,300 6,067,797 6,286,935 6,044,646 6,382,769
10/868,866 6,787,051 6,938,990 11/242,916 11/242,917 11/144,799 11/198,235
11,861,282 11,861,284 11/766,052 7,152,972 11/592,996 D529952 6,390,605
6,322,195 6,612,110 6,480,089 6,460,778 6,305,788 6,426,014 6,364,453
6,457,795 6,315,399 6,338,548 7,040,736 6,938,992 6,994,425 6,863,379
6,540,319 6,994,421 6,984,019 7,008,043 6,997,544 6,328,431 6,991,310
10/965,772 7,140,723 6,328,425 6,982,184 7,267,423 7,134,741 7,066,577
7,152,945 11/038,200 7,021,744 6,991,320 7,155,911 11/107,799 6,595,624
7,152,943 7,125,103 11/209,709 11/228,407 11/273,271 7,229,151 11/330,058
7,237,873 11/329,163 11/442,180 11/450,431 7,213,907 6,417,757 11/482,951
11/545,566 11/583,826 11/604,315 11/604,323 11/643,845 11/706,950 11/730,399
11,749,121 11/753,549 11/834,630 7,095,309 6,854,825 6,623,106
6,672,707 6,575,561 6,817,700 6,588,885 7,075,677 6,428,139 6,575,549
6,846,692 6,425,971 7,063,993 6,383,833 6,955,414 6,412,908 6,746,105
6,953,236 6,412,904 7,128,388 6,398,343 6,652,071 6,793,323 6,659,590
6,676,245 7,201,460 6,464,332 6,659,593 6,478,406 6,978,613 6,439,693
6,502,306 6,966,111 6,863,369 6,428,142 6,874,868 6,390,591 6,799,828
6,896,358 7,018,016 10/296,534 6,328,417 6,322,194 6,382,779 6,629,745
6,565,193 6,609,786 6,609,787 6,439,908 6,684,503 6,843,551 6,764,166
6,561,617 10/510,092 6,557,970 6,546,628 10/510,098 6,652,074 6,820,968
7,175,260 6,682,174 10/510,207 6,648,453 6,834,932 6,682,176 6,998,062
6,767,077 10/534,830 6,755,509 10/534,813 6,692,108 10/534,811 6,672,709
10/534,823 7,086,718 10/534,881 6,672,710 10/534,812 6,669,334 10/534,804
7,152,958 10/534,817 6,824,246 7,264,336 6,669,333 10/534,815 6,820,967
10/534,883 6,736,489 7,264,335 6,719,406 7,222,943 7,188,419 7,168,166
6,974,209 7,086,719 6,974,210 7,195,338 7,252,775 7,101,025 11/474,281
11/485,258 11/706,304 11/706,324 11/706,326 11/706,321 11/772,239 11/782,598
11/829,941 11/852,991 11,852,986 11/763,440 11/763,442 11/246,687 11/246,718
11/246,685 11/246,686 11/246,703 11/246,691 11/246,711 11/246,690 11/246,712
11/246,717 11/246,709 11/246,700 11/246,701 11/246,702 11/246,668 11/246,697
11/246,698 11/246,699 11/246,675 11/246,674 11/246,667 11/829,957 11/829,960
11/829,961 11/829,962 11/829,963 11/829,966 11/829,967 11/829,968 11/829,969
7,156,508 7,159,972 7,083,271 7,165,834 7,080,894 7,201,469 7,090,336
7,156,489 10/760,233 10/760,246 7,083,257 7,258,422 7,255,423 7,219,980
10/760,253 10/760,255 10/760,209 7,118,192 10/760,194 10/760,238 7,077,505
7,198,354 7,077,504 10/760,189 7,198,355 10/760,232 10/760,231 7,152,959
7,213,906 7,178,901 7,222,938 7,108,353 7,104,629 11/446,227 11/454,904
11/472,345 11/474,273 7,261,401 11/474,279 11/482,939 11/482,950 11/499,709
11/592,984 11/601,668 11/603,824 11/601,756 11/601,672 11/650,546 11/653,253
11/706,328 11/706,299 11/706,965 11/737,080 11/737,041 11/778,062 11/778,566
11/782,593 11/246,684 11/246,672 11/246,673 11/246,683 11/246,682 60/939,086
11,860,538 11,860,539 11/860,540 11,860,541 11,860,542 7,246,886 7,128,400
7,108,355 6,991,322 10/728,790 7,118,197 10/728,784 10/728,783 7,077,493
6,962,402 10/728,803 7,147,308 10/728,779 7,118,198 7,168,790 7,172,270
7,229,155 6,830,318 7,195,342 7,175,261 10/773,183 7,108,356 7,118,202
10/773,186 7,134,744 10/773,185 7,134,743 7,182,439 7,210,768 10/773,187
7,134,745 7,156,484 7,118,201 7,111,926 10/773,184 7,018,021 11/060,751
11/060,805 11/188,017 7,128,402 11/298,774 11/329,157 11/490,041 11/501,767
11/499,736 7,246,885 7,229,156 11/505,846 11/505,857 11/505,856 11/524,908
11/524,938 7,258,427 11/524,912 11/592,999 11/592,995 11/603,825 11/649,773
11/650,549 11/653,237 11/706,378 11/706,962 11,749,118 11/754,937 11,749,120
11/744,885 11/779,850 11/765,439 11/842,950 11/839,539 11/097,308 11/097,309
7,246,876 11/097,299 11/097,310 11/097,213 11/210,687 11/097,212 7,147,306
7,261,394 11/764,806 11/782,595 11/482,953 11/482,977 11/544,778 11/544,779
11/764,808 11/756,624 11/756,625 11/756,626 11/756,627 11/756,628 11/756,629
11/756,630 11/756,631 7,156,289 7,178,718 7,225,979 11/712,434 11/084,796
11/084,742 11/084,806 09/575,197 09/575,197 7,079,712 7,079,712 6,825,945
6,825,945 09/575,165 09/575,165 6,813,039 6,813,039 7,190,474 6,987,506
6,987,506 6,824,044 7,038,797 7,038,797 6,980,318 6,980,318 6,816,274
6,816,274 7,102,772 7,102,772 09/575,186 09/575,186 6,681,045 6,681,045
6,678,499 6,679,420 6,963,845 6,976,220 6,728,000 6,728,000 7,110,126
7,173,722 7,173,722 6,976,035 6,813,558 6,766,942 6,965,454 6,995,859
7,088,459 7,088,459 6,720,985 09/609,303 6,922,779 6,978,019 6,847,883
7,131,058 09/721,895 09/607,843 09/693,690 6,959,298 6,973,450 7,150,404
6,965,882 7,233,924 09/575,181 09/575,181 09/722,174 7,175,079 7,162,259
6,718,061 10/291,523 10/291,471 7,012,710 6,825,956 10/291,481 7,222,098
10/291,825 7,263,508 7,031,010 6,972,864 6,862,105 7,009,738 6,989,911
6,982,807 10/291,576 6,829,387 6,714,678 6,644,545 6,609,653 6,651,879
10/291,555 10/291,510 10/291,592 10/291,542 7,044,363 7,004,390 6,867,880
7,034,953 6,987,581 7,216,224 10/291,821 7,162,269 7,162,222 10/291,822
10/291,524 10/291,553 6,850,931 6,865,570 6,847,961 10/685,523 10/685,583
7,162,442 10/685,584 7,159,784 10/804,034 10/793,933 6,889,896 10/831,232
7,174,056 6,996,274 7,162,088 10/943,874 10/943,872 10/944,044 7,259,884
10/944,043 7,167,270 10/943,877 6,986,459 10/954,170 7,181,448 10/981,626
10/981,616 10/981,627 7,231,293 7,174,329 10/992,713 11/006,536 7,200,591
11/020,106 11/020,260 11/020,321 11/020,319 11/026,045 11/059,696 11/051,032
11/059,674 11/107,944 11/107,941 11/082,940 11/082,815 11/082,827 11/082,829
6,991,153 6,991,154 11/124,256 11/123,136 11/154,676 11/159,196 11/182,002
11/202,251 11/202,252 11/202,253 11/203,200 11/202,218 11/206,778 11/203,424
11/222,977 11/228,450 11/227,239 11/286,334 7,225,402 11/329,187 11/349,143
11/491,225 11/491,121 11/442,428 11/454,902 11/442,385 11/478,590 7,271,931
11/520,170 11/603,057 11/706,964 11/739,032 11,739,014 11/834,633 11/830,848
11/830,849 11/839,542 11/866,394 7,068,382 7,068,382 7,007,851 6,957,921
6,457,883 10/743,671 7,044,381 11/203,205 7,094,910 7,091,344 7,122,685
7,038,066 7,099,019 7,062,651 7,062,651 6,789,194 6,789,194 6,789,191
6,789,191 10/900,129 7,278,018 10/913,350 10/982,975 10/983,029 11/331,109
6,644,642 6,644,642 6,502,614 6,502,614 6,622,999 6,622,999 6,669,385
6,669,385 6,827,116 7,011,128 10/949,307 6,549,935 6,549,935 6,987,573
6,987,573 6,727,996 6,727,996 6,591,884 6,591,884 6,439,706 6,439,706
6,760,119 6,760,119 09/575,198 09/575,198 7,064,851 6,826,547 6,290,349
6,290,349 6,428,155 6,428,155 6,785,016 6,785,016 6,831,682 6,741,871
6,927,871 6,980,306 6,965,439 6,840,606 7,036,918 6,977,746 6,970,264
7,068,389 7,093,991 7,190,491 10/901,154 10/932,044 10/962,412 7,177,054
10/962,552 10/965,733 10/965,933 10/974,742 10/982,974 7,180,609 10/986,375
11/107,817 11/148,238 11/149,160 11/206,756 11/250,465 7,202,959 11/653,219
11/706,309 11/730,389 11/730,392 60/953,443 11/866,387 60,974,077 6,982,798
6,870,966 6,870,966 6,822,639 6,822,639 6,474,888 6,627,870 6,724,374
6,788,982 7,263,270 6,788,293 6,946,672 6,737,591 6,737,591 7,091,960
09/693,514 6,792,165 7,105,753 6,795,593 6,980,704 6,768,821 7,132,612
7,041,916 6,797,895 7,015,901 10/782,894 7,148,644 10/778,056 10/778,058
10/778,060 10/778,059 10/778,063 10/778,062 10/778,061 10/778,057 7,096,199
10/917,468 10/917,467 10/917,466 10/917,465 7,218,978 7,245,294 7,277,085
7,187,370 10/917,436 10/943,856 10/919,379 7,019,319 10/943,878 10/943,849
7,043,096 7,148,499 11/144,840 11/155,556 11/155,557 11/193,481 11/193,435
11/193,482 11/193,479 11/255,941 11/281,671 11/298,474 7,245,760 11/488,832
11/495,814 11/495,823 11/495,822 11/495,821 11/495,820 11/653,242 11/754,370
60,911,260 11/829,936 11/839,494 11,866,305 11,866,313 11,866,324 11,866,336
11,866,348 11,866,359 7,055,739 7,055,739 7,233,320 7,233,320 6,830,196
6,830,196 6,832,717 6,832,717 7,182,247 7,120,853 7,082,562 6,843,420
10/291,718 6,789,731 7,057,608 6,766,944 6,766,945 10/291,715 10/291,559
10/291,660 7,264,173 10/409,864 7,108,192 10/537,159 7,111,791 7,077,333
6,983,878 10/786,631 7,134,598 10/893,372 6,929,186 6,994,264 7,017,826
7,014,123 7,134,601 7,150,396 10/971,146 7,017,823 7,025,276 10/990,459
7,080,780 11/074,802 11/442,366 11,749,158 11/842,948 10/492,169 10/492,152
10/492,168 10/492,161 10/492,154 10/502,575 10/531,229 10/683,151 10/531,733
10/683,040 10/510,391 10/510,392 10/778,090 6,957,768 6,957,768 09/575,172
09/575,172 7,170,499 7,170,499 7,106,888 7,106,888 7,123,239 7,123,239
6,982,701 6,982,703 7,227,527 6,786,397 6,947,027 6,975,299 7,139,431
7,048,178 7,118,025 6,839,053 7,015,900 7,010,147 7,133,557 6,914,593
10/291,546 6,938,826 7,278,566 7,123,245 6,992,662 7,190,346 11/074,800
11/074,782 11/074,777 11/075,917 7,221,781 11/102,843 7,213,756 11/188,016
7,180,507 7,263,225 11/442,114 11/737,094 11/753,570 11/782,596 11/865,711
11,856,061 11,856,062 11,856,064 11,856,066 11/672,522 11/672,950 11/672,947
11/672,891 11/672,954 11/672,533 11,754,310 11/754,321 11/754,320 11/754,319
11/754,318 11/754,317 11/754,316 11/754,315 11/754,314 11/754,313 11/754,312
11/754,311 6,593,166 7,132,679 6,940,088 7,119,357 11/513,077 6,755,513
6,974,204 6,409,323 7,055,930 6,281,912 6,893,109 6,604,810 6,824,242
6,318,920 7,210,867 6,488,422 6,655,786 6,457,810 6,485,135 6,796,731
6,904,678 6,641,253 7,125,106 6,786,658 7,097,273 6,824,245 7,222,947
6,918,649 6,860,581 6,929,351 7,063,404 6,969,150 7,004,652 6,871,938
6,905,194 6,846,059 6,997,626 10/974,881 7,029,098 6,966,625 7,114,794
7,207,646 7,077,496 11/071,117 11/072,529 7,152,938 7,182,434 7,182,430
11/102,842 7,032,993 11/155,513 11/155,545 11/144,813 7,172,266 7,258,430
7,128,392 7,210,866 11/488,066 11/505,933 11/540,727 11/635,480 11/707,946
11/706,303 11/709,084 11/730,776 11/744,143 11/779,845 11/782,589 11/863,256
11/066,161 11/066,160 11/066,159 11/066,158 11/066,165 6,804,030 6,807,315
6,771,811 6,683,996 7,271,936 10/934,490 6,965,691 7,058,219 10/943,977
7,187,807 7,181,063 11/338,783 11/603,823 11/650,536 10/727,181 10/727,162
10/727,163 10/727,245 7,121,639 7,165,824 7,152,942 10/727,157 7,181,572
7,096,137 10/727,257 7,278,034 7,188,282 10/727,159 10/727,180 10/727,179
10/727,192 10/727,274 10/727,164 10/727,161 10/727,198 10/727,158 10/754,536
10/754,938 10/727,227 10/727,160 10/934,720 7,171,323 7,278,697 11/442,131
11/474,278 11/488,853 11/488,841 11,749,750 11,749,749 10/296,522 6,795,215
7,070,098 7,154,638 6,805,419 6,859,289 6,977,751 6,398,332 6,394,573
6,622,923 6,747,760 6,921,144 10/884,881 7,092,112 7,192,106 11/039,866
7,173,739 6,986,560 7,008,033 11/148,237 7,222,780 7,270,391 7,150,510
11/478,599 11/499,749 11/521,388 11/738,518 11/482,981 11/743,662 11/743,661
11/743,659 11/743,655 11/743,657 11/752,900 7,195,328 7,182,422 11/650,537
11/712,540 10/854,521 10/854,522 10/854,488 10/854,487 10/854,503 10/854,504
10/854,509 7,188,928 7,093,989 10/854,497 10/854,495 10/854,498 10/854,511
10/854,512 10/854,525 10/854,526 10/854,516 10/854,508 7,252,353 10/854,515
7,267,417 10/854,505 10/854,493 7,275,805 10/854,489 10/854,490 10/854,492
10/854,491 10/854,528 10/854,523 10/854,527 10/854,524 10/854,520 10/854,514
10/854,519 10/854,513 10/854,499 10/854,501 7,266,661 7,243,193 10/854,518
10/854,517 10/934,628 7,163,345 11/499,803 11/601,757 11/706,295 11/735,881
11,748,483 11,749,123 11/766,061 11,775,135 11,772,235 11/778,569 11/829,942
11/014,731 D529081 D541848 D528597 6,924,907 6,712,452 6,416,160
6,238,043 6,958,826 6,812,972 6,553,459 6,967,741 6,956,669 6,903,766
6,804,026 7,259,889 6,975,429 10/636,234 10/636,233 10/636,217 10/636,216
7,274,485 7,139,084 7,173,735 7,068,394 10/636,276 7,086,644 7,250,977
7,146,281 7,023,567 7,136,183 7,083,254 6,796,651 7,061,643 7,057,758
6,894,810 6,995,871 7,085,010 7,092,126 7,123,382 7,061,650 10/853,143
6,986,573 6,974,212 10/943,907 7,173,737 10/954,168 7,246,868 11/065,357
7,137,699 11/107,798 7,148,994 7,077,497 11/176,372 7,248,376 11/225,158
11/225,154 7,173,729 11/442,132 11/478,607 11/503,085 11/545,502 11/583,943
11/585,946 11/653,239 11/653,238 11/764,781 11/764,782 11/779,884 11,845,666
11/544,764 11/544,765 11/544,772 11/544,773 11/544,774 11/544,775 11/544,776
11/544,766 11/544,767 11/544,771 11/544,770 11/544,769 11/544,777 11/544,768
11/544,763 11/293,804 11/293,840 11/293,803 11/293,833 11/293,834 11/293,835
11/293,836 11/293,837 11/293,792 11/293,794 11/293,839 11/293,826 11/293,829
11/293,830 11/293,827 11/293,828 7,270,494 11/293,823 11/293,824 11/293,831
11/293,815 11/293,819 11/293,818 11/293,817 11/293,816 11/838,875 11/482,978
11/640,356 11/640,357 11/640,358 11/640,359 11/640,360 11/640,355 11/679,786
10/760,254 10/760,210 10/760,202 7,201,468 10/760,198 10/760,249 7,234,802
10/760,196 10/760,247 7,156,511 10/760,264 7,258,432 7,097,291 10/760,222
10/760,248 7,083,273 10/760,192 10/760,203 10/760,204 10/760,205 10/760,206
10/760,267 10/760,270 7,198,352 10/760,271 10/760,275 7,201,470 7,121,655
10/760,184 7,232,208 10/760,186 10/760,261 7,083,272 7,261,400 11/474,272
11/474,315 11/501,771 11/583,874 11/650,554 11/706,322 11/706,968 11/749,119
11,749,157 11,779,848 11/782,590 11/855,152 11,855,151 11/014,764 11/014,763
11/014,748 11/014,747 11/014,761 11/014,760 11/014,757 11/014,714 7,249,822
11/014,762 11/014,724 11/014,723 11/014,756 11/014,736 11/014,759 11/014,758
11/014,725 11/014,739 11/014,738 11/014,737 11/014,726 11/014,745 11/014,712
7,270,405 11/014,751 11/014,735 11/014,734 11/014,719 11/014,750 11/014,749
7,249,833 11/758,640 11/775,143 11/838,877 11/014,769 11/014,729 11/014,743
11/014,733 11/014,754 11/014,755 11/014,765 11/014,766 11/014,740 11/014,720
11/014,753 7,255,430 11/014,744 11/014,741 11/014,768 11/014,767 11/014,718
11/014,717 11/014,716 11/014,732 11/014,742 11/097,268 11/097,185 11/097,184
11/778,567 11,852,958 11,852,907 11/293,820 11/293,813 11/293,822 11/293,812
11/293,821 11/293,814 11/293,793 11/293,842 11/293,811 11/293,807 11/293,806
11/293,805 11/293,810 11/688,863 11/688,864 11/688,865 11/688,866 11/688,867
11/688,868 11/688,869 11/688,871 11/688,872 11/688,873 11/741,766 11/482,982
11/482,983 11/482,984 11/495,818 11/495,819 11/677,049 11/677,050 11/677,051
11/014,722 D528156 10/760,180 7,111,935 10/760,213 10/760,219 10/760,237
7,261,482 10/760,220 7,002,664 10/760,252 10/760,265 7,088,420 11/446,233
11/503,083 11/503,081 11/516,487 11/599,312 6,364,451 6,533,390 6,454,378
7,224,478 6,559,969 6,896,362 7,057,760 6,982,799 11/202,107 11/743,672
11,744,126 11/743,673 7,093,494 7,143,652 7,089,797 7,159,467 7,234,357
7,124,643 7,121,145 7,089,790 7,194,901 6,968,744 7,089,798 7,240,560
7,137,302 11/442,177 7,171,855 7,260,995 7,260,993 7,165,460 7,222,538
7,258,019 11/543,047 7,258,020 11/604,324 11/642,520 11/706,305 11/707,056
11,744,211 11/767,526 11/779,846 11/764,227 11/829,943 11/829,944 6,454,482
6,808,330 6,527,365 6,474,773 6,550,997 7,093,923 6,957,923 7,131,724
10/949,288 7,168,867 7,125,098 11/706,966 11/185,722 7,249,901 7,188,930
11/014,728 11/014,727 D536031 D531214 7,237,888 7,168,654 7,201,272
6,991,098 7,217,051 6,944,970 10/760,215 7,108,434 10/760,257 7,210,407
7,186,042 10/760,266 6,920,704 7,217,049 10/760,214 10/760,260 7,147,102
10/760,269 7,249,838 10/760,241 10/962,413 10/962,427 7,261,477 7,225,739
10/962,402 10/962,425 10/962,428 7,191,978 10/962,426 10/962,409 10/962,417
10/962,403 7,163,287 7,258,415 10/962,523 7,258,424 10/962,410 7,195,412
7,207,670 7,270,401 7,220,072 11/474,267 11/544,547 11/585,925 11/593,000
11/706,298 11/706,296 11/706,327 11/730,760 11/730,407 11/730,787 11/735,977
11/736,527 11/753,566 11/754,359 11/778,061 11/765,398 11/778,556 11/829,937
11/780,470 11/866,399 11/223,262 11/223,018 11/223,114 11/223,022 11/223,021
11/223,020 11/223,019 11/014,730 D541849 29/279,123 6,716,666 6,949,217
6,750,083 7,014,451 6,777,259 6,923,524 6,557,978 6,991,207 6,766,998
6,967,354 6,759,723 6,870,259 10/853,270 6,925,875 10/898,214 7,095,109
7,145,696 10/976,081 7,193,482 7,134,739 7,222,939 7,164,501 7,118,186
7,201,523 7,226,159 7,249,839 7,108,343 7,154,626 7,079,292 10/980,184
7,233,421 7,063,408 10/983,082 10/982,804 7,032,996 10/982,834 10/982,833
10/982,817 7,217,046 6,948,870 7,195,336 7,070,257 10/986,813 10/986,785
7,093,922 6,988,789 10/986,788 7,246,871 10/992,748 10/992,747 7,187,468
10/992,828 7,196,814 10/992,754 7,268,911 7,265,869 7,128,384 7,164,505
11/003,595 7,025,434 11/003,481 11/003,485 7,206,098 7,265,877 7,193,743
7,168,777 11/006,734 7,195,329 7,198,346 11/006,739 11/013,363 11/013,881
6,959,983 7,128,386 7,097,104 11/013,636 7,083,261 7,070,258 7,083,275
7,110,139 6,994,419 6,935,725 11/026,046 7,178,892 7,219,429 6,988,784
11/026,135 11/026,326 11/064,005 11/064,006 7,178,903 7,273,274 7,083,256
11/064,008 11/064,009 11/064,013 6,974,206 11/064,004 7,066,588 7,222,940
11/075,918 7,018,025 7,221,867 11/072,517 7,188,938 7,021,742 7,083,262
7,192,119 11/083,021 7,036,912 7,175,256 7,182,441 7,083,258 7,114,796
7,147,302 11/084,757 7,219,982 7,118,195 7,229,153 6,991,318 7,108,346
11/248,429 11/239,031 7,178,899 7,066,579 11/281,419 11/298,633 11/329,188
11/329,140 7,270,397 7,258,425 7,237,874 7,152,961 11/478,592 7,207,658
11/484,744 11/488,867 7,207,659 11/525,857 11/540,569 11/583,869 11/592,985
11/601,762 11/604,316 11/604,309 11/604,303 11/643,844 11/650,553 11/655,940
11/653,320 11/706,294 11/706,381 11/706,323 11/706,963 11/713,660 11/730,408
11/696,186 11/730,390 11/737,139 11/737,749 11/740,273 11,749,122 11/754,361
11,766,043 11/764,775 11/768,872 11/775,156 11/779,271 11/779,272 11/829,938
11/839,502 11,858,852 9,628 5,382 6,485,123 6,425,657 6,488,358
7,021,746 6,712,986 6,981,757 6,505,912 6,439,694 6,364,461 6,378,990
6,425,658 6,488,361 6,814,429 6,471,336 6,457,813 6,540,331 6,454,396
6,464,325 6,443,559 6,435,664 6,412,914 6,488,360 6,550,896 6,439,695
6,447,100 09/900,160 6,488,359 6,637,873 10/485,738 6,618,117 10/485,737
6,803,989 7,234,801 7,044,589 7,163,273 6,416,154 6,547,364 10/485,744
6,644,771 7,152,939 6,565,181 10/485,805 6,857,719 7,255,414 6,702,417
10/485,652 6,918,654 7,070,265 6,616,271 6,652,078 6,503,408 6,607,263
7,111,924 6,623,108 6,698,867 6,488,362 6,625,874 6,921,153 7,198,356
6,536,874 6,425,651 6,435,667 10/509,997 6,527,374 10/510,154 6,582,059
10/510,152 6,513,908 7,246,883 6,540,332 6,547,368 7,070,256 6,508,546
10/510,151 6,679,584 10/510,000 6,857,724 10/509,998 6,652,052 10/509,999
6,672,706 10/510,096 6,688,719 6,712,924 6,588,886 7,077,508 7,207,654
6,935,724 6,927,786 6,988,787 6,899,415 6,672,708 6,644,767 6,874,866
6,830,316 6,994,420 6,954,254 7,086,720 7,240,992 7,267,424 7,128,397
7,084,951 7,156,496 7,066,578 7,101,023 11/165,027 11/202,235 11/225,157
7,159,965 7,255,424 11/349,519 7,137,686 7,201,472 11/442,413 11/504,602
7,216,957 11/520,572 11/583,858 11/583,895 11/585,976 11/635,488 11/653,314
11/706,952 11/706,307 11/785,109 11/740,287 11/754,367 11/758,643 11/778,572
11,859,791 11/863,260 6,916,082 6,786,570 10/753,478 6,848,780 6,966,633
7,179,395 6,969,153 6,979,075 7,132,056 6,832,828 6,860,590 6,905,620
6,786,574 6,824,252 7,097,282 6,997,545 6,971,734 6,918,652 6,978,990
6,863,105 10/780,624 7,194,629 10/791,792 6,890,059 6,988,785 6,830,315
7,246,881 7,125,102 7,028,474 7,066,575 6,986,202 7,044,584 7,210,762
7,032,992 7,140,720 7,207,656 11/031,084 11/048,748 7,008,041 7,011,390
7,048,868 7,014,785 7,131,717 11/148,236 11/176,158 7,182,436 7,104,631
7,240,993 11/206,920 11/202,217 7,172,265 11/231,876 7,066,573 11/298,635
7,152,949 11/442,161 11/442,133 11/442,126 7,156,492 11/478,588 11/505,848
11/520,569 11/525,861 11/583,939 11/545,504 11/583,894 11/635,485 11/730,391
11/730,788 11/749,148 11/749,149 11/749,152 11/749,151 11/759,886 11/865,668
6,824,257 7,270,475 6,971,811 6,878,564 6,921,145 6,890,052 7,021,747
6,929,345 6,811,242 6,916,087 6,905,195 6,899,416 6,883,906 6,955,428
10/882,775 6,932,459 6,962,410 7,033,008 6,962,409 7,013,641 7,204,580
7,032,997 6,998,278 7,004,563 6,910,755 6,969,142 6,938,994 7,188,935
10/959,049 7,134,740 6,997,537 7,004,567 6,916,091 7,077,588 6,918,707
6,923,583 6,953,295 6,921,221 7,001,008 7,168,167 7,210,759 11/008,115
11/011,120 11/012,329 6,988,790 7,192,120 7,168,789 7,004,577 7,052,120
11/123,007 6,994,426 7,258,418 7,014,298 11/124,348 11/177,394 7,152,955
7,097,292 7,207,657 7,152,944 7,147,303 11/209,712 7,134,608 7,264,333
7,093,921 7,077,590 7,147,297 11/239,029 11/248,832 11/248,428 11/248,434
7,077,507 7,172,672 7,175,776 7,086,717 7,101,020 11/329,155 7,201,466
11/330,057 7,152,967 7,182,431 7,210,666 7,252,367 11/450,586 11/485,255
11/525,860 6,945,630 7,018,294 6,910,014 6,659,447 6,648,321 7,082,980
6,672,584 7,073,551 6,830,395 10/309,025 7,001,011 6,880,922 6,886,915
6,644,787 6,641,255 7,066,580 6,652,082 10/309,036 6,666,544 6,666,543
6,669,332 6,984,023 6,733,104 6,644,793 6,723,575 6,953,235 6,663,225
7,076,872 7,059,706 7,185,971 7,090,335 6,854,827 6,793,974 10/636,258
7,222,929 6,739,701 7,073,881 7,155,823 7,219,427 7,008,503 6,783,216
6,883,890 6,857,726 10/636,274 6,641,256 6,808,253 6,827,428 6,802,587
6,997,534 6,959,982 6,959,981 6,886,917 6,969,473 6,827,425 7,007,859
6,802,594 6,792,754 6,860,107 6,786,043 6,863,378 7,052,114 7,001,007
10/729,151 10/729,157 6,948,794 6,805,435 6,733,116 10/683,006 7,008,046
6,880,918 7,066,574 6,983,595 6,923,527 7,275,800 7,163,276 7,156,495
6,976,751 6,994,430 7,014,296 7,059,704 7,160,743 7,175,775 11/058,238
7,097,283 7,140,722 11/123,009 11/123,008 7,080,893 7,093,920 7,270,492
7,128,093 7,052,113 7,055,934 11/155,627 11/149,324 11/159,197 7,083,263
7,145,592 7,025,436 11/281,444 7,258,421 11/478,591 11/478,735 7,226,147
11/482,940 7,195,339 11/503,061 11/505,938 11/520,577 11/525,863 11/544,577
11/540,576 11/585,964 11/592,991 11/599,342 11/600,803 11/604,321 11/604,302
11/635,535 11/635,486 11/643,842 11/655,987 11/650,541 11/706,301 11/707,039
11/730,388 11/730,786 11/730,785 11/739,080 11/764,746 11/768,875 11/779,847
11/829,940 11,847,240 11/834,625 11/863,210 11/865,680 7,067,067 6,776,476
6,880,914 7,086,709 6,783,217 7,147,791 6,929,352 7,144,095 6,820,974
6,918,647 6,984,016 7,192,125 6,824,251 6,834,939 6,840,600 6,786,573
7,144,519 6,799,835 6,959,975 6,959,974 7,021,740 6,935,718 6,938,983
6,938,991 7,226,145 7,140,719 6,988,788 7,022,250 6,929,350 7,011,393
7,004,566 7,175,097 6,948,799 7,143,944 10/965,737 7,029,100 6,957,811
7,073,724 7,055,933 7,077,490 7,055,940 10/991,402 7,234,645 7,032,999
7,066,576 7,229,150 7,086,728 7,246,879 11/144,809 7,140,718 11/144,802
7,144,098 7,044,577 11/144,808 11/172,896 7,189,334 7,055,935 7,152,860
11/203,188 11/203,173 11/202,343 7,213,989 11/225,156 11/225,173 11/228,433
7,114,868 7,168,796 7,159,967 11/272,425 7,152,805 11/298,530 11/330,061
7,133,799 11/330,054 11/329,284 7,152,956 7,128,399 7,147,305 11/446,241
11/442,160 7,246,884 7,152,960 11/442,125 11/454,901 11/442,134 11/450,441
11/474,274 11/499,741 7,270,399 6,857,728 6,857,729 6,857,730 6,989,292
7,126,216 6,977,189 6,982,189 7,173,332 7,026,176 6,979,599 6,812,062
6,886,751 10/804,057 10/804,036 7,001,793 6,866,369 6,946,743 10/804,048
6,886,918 7,059,720 10/846,561 10/846,562 10/846,647 10/846,649 10/846,627
6,951,390 6,981,765 6,789,881 6,802,592 7,029,097 6,799,836 7,048,352
7,182,267 7,025,279 6,857,571 6,817,539 6,830,198 6,992,791 7,038,809
6,980,323 7,148,992 7,139,091 6,947,173 7,101,034 6,969,144 6,942,319
6,827,427 6,984,021 6,984,022 6,869,167 6,918,542 7,007,852 6,899,420
6,918,665 6,997,625 6,988,840 6,984,080 6,845,978 6,848,687 6,840,512
6,863,365 7,204,582 6,921,150 7,128,396 6,913,347 7,008,819 6,935,736
6,991,317 11/033,122 7,055,947 7,093,928 7,100,834 7,270,396 7,187,086
11/072,518 7,032,825 7,086,721 11/171,428 7,159,968 7,010,456 7,147,307
7,111,925 11/144,812 7,229,154 11/505,849 11/520,570 11/520,575 11/546,437
11/540,575 11/583,937 11/584,619 11/592,211 11/592,207 11/635,489 11/604,319
11/635,490 11/635,525 11/650,540 11/706,366 11/706,310 11/706,308 11/785,108
11/744,214 11,744,218 11,748,485 11,748,490 11/764,778 11/766,025 11/834,635
11/839,541 11/860,420 11/865,693 11/863,118 11/866,307 11/866,340 11/869,684
11/869,722 11/869,694 11/872,714

The disclosures of these applications and patents are incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Inkjet printing is a popular and versatile form of print imaging. The Assignee has developed printers that eject ink through MEMS printhead IC's. These printhead IC's (integrated circuits) are formed using lithographic etching and deposition techniques used for semiconductor fabrication.
The micro-scale nozzle structures in MEMS printhead IC's allow a high nozzle density (nozzles per unit of IC surface area), high print resolutions, low power consumption, self cooling operation and therefore high print speeds. Such printheads are described in detail in U.S. Ser. No. 10/160,273 filed Jun. 4, 2002 and U.S. Ser. No. 10/728,804 filed on Dec. 8, 2003 to the present Assignee. The disclosures of these documents are incorporated herein by reference.
The small nozzle structures and high nozzle densities can create difficulties with color mixing between nozzles of different color. During periods of prolonged inactivity (or ‘standby mode’) the separate fluidic lines for each ink color can undergo slight pressure changes relative to each other. Different rates of heating and outgassing in different ink lines will generate a slight pressure differential. If paper dust or ink residue on the nozzle face extends between nozzles of the different ink lines, the dust or residual ink can forge a fluid connection between the two ink lines. The ink lines try to equalize the pressure difference between them and this drives an ink from the higher pressure line to the lower pressure line. If left unchecked, the ink contamination in the lower pressure ink line can extend to the ink tank. In this case, the contaminated ink supply is irretrievable and needs replacement before the ink lines are flushed through to the nozzles.
The ink tanks can be isolated from the printhead by a shut off valve upstream of the printhead. This protects the tanks from contamination during standby, but there is a risk that the tank and the printhead will generate a pressure difference during the standby period. If this happens, the sudden pressure equalization causes a pulse through the ink line which floods the nozzle plate.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, the present invention provides an inkjet printer comprising:
a printhead for printing onto a media substrate;
a reservoir for containing a quantity of ink, the reservoir having a lower portion for holding ink and an upper portion defining a headspace of air above the ink;
a fluid connection extending between the printhead and the reservoir; and,
a pump for drawing air from the headspace into atmosphere.
The invention uses a fluidic system that controls the air pressure in the headspace of an ink reservoir to control the hydrostatic pressure of the ink at the key points along the ink line. Controlling the ink pressure in one of the ink reservoirs (either the ink tank supplying the printhead or the ink sump collecting waste ink) can maintain a more consistent negative pressure (i.e. a hydroststatic pressure less than atmospheric) at the printhead nozzles. The negative pressure at the printhead nozzles prevents, or at least reduces color mixing by ensuring that the ink meniscus at each nozzle is drawn inwards. An inwardly drawn meniscus significantly reduces the chance that paper dust or residual ink can establish a fluid connection between nozzles of different color. Drawing air from the headspace in the sump helps to equalize the pressure in the different ink lines as the sump headspace is common to all the color channels. By the same token, it is a simple matter to use a single pump to connect the respective headspaces for each ink tank. In this way, the air pressure in each ink tank is equal and so the hydrostatic pressure of the ink at the nozzles will only vary by the variations in the ink levels of the ink tanks. In a normal usage profile, the ink levels remain roughly the same for each ink tank. To further minimize variations, the tanks can have a wide and squat shape to reduce the change in hydrostatic pressure from full to empty. With equal pressures (or at least very nearly equal pressures) in each ink line, there is no pressure differential to drive a color mixing process other than diffusion. As the fluid connection across the nozzle is so small, mixing by diffusion is negligible.
Preferably, the reservoir is a sump that collects waste ink drained from the printhead.
Preferably, the reservoir is an ink tank for supplying ink to the printhead. In a further preferred form, the printer is a color printer for printing a plurality of differently colored inks, each of the differently colored inks being stored in a respective ink tank for supplying the printhead, the headspace of each of the tanks is connected to the pump such that they are in fluid communication with each other.
Preferably, the reservoir has a vent for venting the headspace to atmosphere, and for allowing a throttled flow of air into the headspace as the pump is drawing air out of the headspace. In a further preferred form, the vent has a filter for removing particulate contaminants from the throttled air flow into the headspace.
Preferably, the printing further comprises an upstream valve positioned upstream of the printhead. In a further preferred form, the printer further comprises a downstream valve positioned downstream of the printhead.
Preferably, the pump is reversible such that it can increase the air pressure in the headspace and force ink towards the printhead. In a further preferred form, the pump is used to prime the printhead. In another preferred form, the pump is used to purge ink from the nozzles and flood the printhead.
Preferably, the printhead has a distribution manifold and a plurality of printhead integrated circuits mounted to the distribution manifold such that priming the distribution manifold with ink also primes the printhead integrated circuits. In some embodiments, the printer further comprises a maintenance station having a capper and blotter for the printhead integrated circuits. In specific embodiments, the pump is in fluid communication with the maintenance station and the sump such that ink collected by the maintenance station can be transferred to the sump by running the pump in one direction and air drawn from the headspace by running the pump in the other direction. In a particularly preferred form, the printhead is provided as a user removable and replaceable cartridge which is fluidly detachable from the printer via the upstream and the downstream valves.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a printer fluidic system according to the present invention; and,
FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of another printer fluidic system according to the present invention.
 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to FIG. 1, the printer fluidics system is shown schematically for the purposes of illustration. A single ink line for one color is shown in full. The ink tanks 10 and 12 for other color are shown in dotted line. A color printer would have complete ink lines for each ink color. Most of the individual components within the system are shown and described in much greater detail in the Applicant's co-pending application U.S. Ser. No. 11/688,863, filed on Mar. 21, 2007, the contents of which are incorporated herein by cross reference. Components of the present system that are not shown in the cross referenced document, are commercially available.
The fluidic system shown in FIG. 1 has a printhead 2 supplied with ink 14 from an ink tank 8 via an upstream ink line 20. Waste ink from the printhead 2 drains to a sump 28 through downstream ink line 24. The upstream ink line 20 has a shut off valve 18 and the downstream ink line has shut off valve 26. These valves can be used for priming and purging ink (discussed below) and as detachable fluid connections is the printhead is provided in the form of user removable and replaceable cartridge such as that shown in the above referenced U.S. Ser. No. 11/688,863, filed on Mar. 21, 2007.
The printhead has a maintenance station 22 for capping and blotting the nozzles. A drain line 16 connects the maintenance station 22 to the sump 28.
The printhead 2 is an assembly of an ink distribution manifold 4 on which a series of printhead integrated circuits (ICs) 6 are mounted. The printhead ICs 6 define the nozzle arrays which eject the ink to the media substrate. The nozzles are MEMS devices which can be thermally actuated such as those described in U.S. Ser. No. 11/482,953 filed on Jul. 10, 2006 or mechanically actuated such as those disclosed in U.S. Ser. No. 10/160,273 filed Jun. 4, 2002.
The ink distribution manifold 4 is an LCP molding with a system of large channels feeding a network of smaller channels to supply the ink to many points along the length of each printhead IC 6. An embodiment of the distribution manifold 4 and the printhead ICs 6 is disclosed in detail in the U.S. Ser. No. 11/688,863 filed Mar. 21, 2007 reference listed above. This document also details the manner in which the printhead is primed with ink or, if necessary, purged of ink to correct any cross channel color contamination and/or bubble removal.
In standby mode, the air pump 30 draws air from the headspace 32 in the tank 8. The air pressure in the headspace drops and air is drawn back into the headspace 32 through the filtered vent 40. The air constriction from the vent 40 is carefully controlled to create a predetermined negative air pressure. The tubing 38 fluidly connects the headspaces 34 and 36 in tanks 10 and 12 such that all the headspaces are at the same air pressure. Tanks 10 and 12 can have their own vents to atmosphere (not shown) but the system will operate with a single vent.
With the headspaces 32, 34, and 36 at the same pressure, the hydrostatic pressure in the ink is very early equal. The hydrostatic pressure of the ink at the nozzles will only vary by the variations in the ink levels of the ink tanks. Normal usage is designed to keep the ink levels roughly the same in each ink tank. To further minimize variations, the tanks can have a wide and squat shape to reduce the change in hydrostatic pressure from full to empty. With equal pressures (or at least very nearly equal pressures) in each ink line, there is no pressure differential to drive a color mixing process other than diffusion. As the fluid connection across the nozzle is so small, mixing by diffusion is negligible.
The pump 30 is reversible so it can be used to pressurize the headspaces 32, 34 and 36 in order to prime the printhead 2 or purge ink through the printhead ICs 6. Priming requires the upstream and downstream shut off valves 18 and 26 to be open. Ink from the tanks 8, 10 and 12 is forced down the upstream ink line 20, through the distribution manifold 4 and into the sump 28 via the downstream ink line 24. The printhead ICs 6 prime by capillary action from the ink in the distribution manifold.
To purge the printhead ICs 6 (to recover dried nozzles, outgassing bubble blockages etc) the down stream valve 26 is closed as the pump 30 pressurizes the headspace 32. Ink is forced from the nozzles and the resulting flood on the nozzle plate is cleared with the maintenance station 22.
It will be appreciated that the pump 30 operates during a power up standby mode. That is, during periods of inactivity between print jobs, but the printer is still plugged in and connected to a power supply. During a power off standby, the shut off valve 18 and 26 are closed to isolate the printhead and prevent mixing. When the printer powers up again, the pump 30 can be used to ready the printhead by priming or purging (if necessary) as discussed above.
FIG. 2 shows the pump 30 operating on the headspace 32 of the sump 28 instead of the ink tank 8. Again, a single ink line is shown but the color printer will have several color lines all draining to the same sump 28. As long as all the down stream ink lines 24 for each color connect to the sump headspace, a single pump can be used to change the hydrostatic pressures in the ink at the nozzles.
With the pump 30 connected to the sump 28, the upstream shut off valve 18 is closed during power down standby. The negative air pressure in the headspace 32 draws on the column of ink hanging from the printhead 2. This ensures that a sufficiently negative pressure is maintained at the nozzles. More importantly, the negative pressure in the nozzles of each color is the same. As discussed above, this removes the mechanism that drives the color mixing process.
The pump 30 is marginally more complex in that it needs to be able to handle an ink/air mixture. It is in the drain line 16 from the maintenance assembly 22 to the sump 28 to assist the transfer of blotted ink to the sump 28 but needs to be able to draw air from the headspace 32 or from atmosphere through the filter 42.
In this embodiment, priming requires the upstream valve 18 to be open and the pump 30 to create a low pressure in the sump 28 to draw the ink from the tank 8 down the upstream ink line 20, through the distribution manifold 4 and into the downstream ink line 24. Again the printhead ICs 6 prime by capillarity.
To purge, the upstream valve 18 is closed and the pump 30 creates a positive pressure in the headspace 32 to force the ink in the down stream ink line 24 and the distribution manifold 4 to flood the printhead ICs 6.
The invention has been described by way of example only. Ordinary workers in this field will readily recognize any variations and modifications which do not depart from the spirit and scope of the broad inventive concept.

Claims (10)

1. An inkjet printer, comprising:
a printhead for printing onto a media substrate, the printhead defining a plurality of nozzles from which ink is expelled;
a sump provided downstream of the printhead for collecting unused ink from the printhead, the sump having a lower portion for holding the unused ink and an upper portion defining a headspace of air above the unused ink;
a first fluid conduit extending between the printhead and the sump for communicating the unused ink from the printhead to the sump, the first fluid conduit connecting the sump to a position in the printhead upstream of the plurality of nozzles; and
a pump connected to the sump, the pump for drawing air from the headspace of the sump into atmosphere and effecting a negative pressure in the printhead upstream of the nozzles.
2. An inkjet printer according to claim 1, wherein the sump has a vent for allowing a throttled flow of air into the headspace as the pump is drawing air out of the headspace.
3. An inkjet printer according to claim 2, wherein the vent has a filter for removing particulate contaminants from the throttled air flow into the headspace.
4. An inkjet printer according to claim 1, further comprising a maintenance assembly provided downstream of the plurality of nozzles, the maintenance assembly for receiving ink drained from the nozzles.
5. An inkjet printer according to claim 4, further comprising a second fluid conduit extending between the maintenance assembly and the sump, the second fluid conduit for communicating ink from the maintenance assembly to the sump.
6. An inkjet printer according to claim 5, wherein the pump is provided along the second fluid conduit, in between the maintenance assembly and the sump.
7. An inkjet printer according to claim 6, wherein the pump operates in a first direction to draw air from the headspace of the sump into atmosphere, and operates in a second direction opposite to the first direction to communicate ink from the maintenance assembly to the sump.
8. An inkjet printer according to claim 1, further comprising an ink supply reservoir provided upstream of the printhead, the ink supply reservoir for storing a volume of ink for use by the printhead.
9. An inkjet printer according to claim 8, wherein the printhead includes an ink distribution manifold, the ink distribution manifold being connected to the ink supply reservoir at a first end of the ink distribution manifold via a third fluid conduit.
10. An inkjet printer according to claim 9, wherein the first fluid conduit connects the sump to the ink distribution manifold at a second end of the ink distribution manifold opposite the first end.
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