US796451A

US796451A - Governing mechanism for elastic-fluid turbines.

Info

Publication number: US796451A
Authority: US
Inventors: Richard H Rice
Original assignee: General Electric Co
Current assignee: General Electric Co
Priority date: 1904-02-06
Filing date: 1904-02-06
Publication date: 1905-08-08
Anticipated expiration: 1922-08-08

Description

No. 796,451. PATENTED AUG. 8, 1905 R. H. RICE. GOVERNING MECHANISM FOR ELASTIC FLUID TURBINES.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 6. 1904.

6 SHEETS-SHEET l.

4 I five-Whom Richard +1. Pi can m M 0. 796,451. PATENTED AUG. 8, 1905. ..R. H. RICE. GOVERNING MECHANISM FOR ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE-S.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 6, 190 1.

Witnesses:

No. 796,45] PATENTED AUG. 8, 1905.

' R. H. RICE.

GOVERNING MECHANISM FOR ELASTIC FLUID TURBINES.

APPLICATION FILED FEB, 6, 1904.

6 SHEETS-SHEET '3 InVehbcr Richard +4 Qice By M 17 T bi.

No, 796,451. PATENTED AUG: 8. 1905.

R. H. RICE. GOVERNING MECHANISM FOR ELASTIC FLUID TURBINES.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 6. 1904.

6 SHEETS-SHBET 4 Inventor- Tick-ward H. Rice,

PATENTED AUG. 8, 1905.

R. H. RICE. GOVERNING MECHANISM FORELASTIO FLUID TURBINES.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 6, 1904.

6 SHBETSSHEBT 5,

-g m 1 7 Ill Inventor; Rychard-i-LRice,

Wmnesses:

a bby.

No. 796,451 PATENTED AUG. 8, 1905;

R. H. RICE. GOVERNING MECHANISM FOR'ELASTIC FLUID TURBINES.

APPLIOATION FILED FEB. 6. 1904.

6 SHEETS-SHBET [3.

Witnesses C. Inventor" Qichard 'H. Rice Application filed raw of tli'ese grooves or surfaces is the same,

. UNITED s ATEs PATENT OFFICE.

, RICHARD H.

GENERAL. ELECTRIC ,(JOMPANY,

Gov-Emma MECHANISM FOR 5 Ton/M 'Iu/wm'it may concern Bcit known that I, RIClIARD H. Rica, a citi-' zen of the United States,'rcsiding at Swampscott, in the county of Essex and State of Mas-- sachusetts, have ful improvements in Governing Mechanisms for Elastic-Fluid Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

Thepresent invention has for itsobject to provide a governing mechanism of improve construction which will effectively regulate the speed of a turbine over load and which will shut the machine down under abnormal conditions.- --for example, when the pressure on the hearing or bearings de: creases below a certain amount.

In carrying zles, nozzle-sections, or other discharging devices are provided as are necessary to handle the total volume of motive fluid, andsome or all of these no azles, nozzle-sections, or other discharging devices are provided with controlling-valves, which are regulated in their action by agovernor of any suitable construction, preferably one which is responsive to speed variations. The valves are so constructed and arranged that they are separately adjustable and removable and this ina sim' ple manner and without taking down any sub stantial part of theaneclnmism. Zach valve includes a yielding connection in 'the stem which compensates for slight irregularities in workmanship or faultyadjustment. The valves are successively opened and closed by a cam-bar, which in'turn is moved by a reversible motor. I haves-uown by way of illustration a hydraulic mptor comprising a cylinder and piston. Each valve-stem has a slotted cross-head to receive the-cam-bar, and mounted thereon is an antifriction-roller.v The bar, cross-heads. rollers, &c., are all inclosed ina fluid-tight casing containing a inbricant. The front side of the casing is provided with a door, which makes a sealed joint, and the valve-stem passesjout through the top, so as to avoid thehse of packings. The casing overhangs the side of the turbine, and each partot'tlie mechanism is arranged so that it is'rcadilyaiccessible. In order to avoid making the bar unduly long, two or more cam grooves or surfaces are provided thereon, and each groove-or surface is arranged to move one or. more valves. The general directionl ant invented certain new and usewide ranges in:

ontthe invention as many nor.-

RICE, .oF sWAMrseoT'r, MiissAenusn'rrs ASSIGUOR To A CORPORATION OE NEW YORK.

Specification of, Letters Patent.

{ a, 1904. Serial No. 192,318.

l i l "ment of the bar.

uAsrlo-Fturb f U BBlN ES;

Patented Aug. 8, 1905,

thevalves are so related to each other and to the bar that they changes in load. In order short movement of the bar and also to distribute the load evenly thereon, alternate valves are actuated by the same earn groove or surface, it being understood,thatthey are properly formed for this'purpose. In this manner a considerable distance is provided {between adjacent cam projections in the same roove without causing-an extended move- The cam-bar may be directly to the movable part of to provide for a or indirectly connected arreversible motor, such as the piston of a hy draulic m otor. The motor is under the con: trol of a "regulator or valve which is actuated tll if otl'gb,$ultable mechanism by the governor orspeed responsive device. Attached to or .moving under th a tion of the bar is arestbring devicc,which after the bar has moved one or more valves controlling the admission of motive fluid the motor regulator to an intermediate or neutral'position and in the case of a hydraulic motor confines a body of non-compressible fluid on each side of the piston. This restoring device is operative ,for each valve controlling the admission of. motive flui to the turbine, which to distinguish them from the other. valves will be hereinafter referred to as nozzle-valv'es, and comes into play whether the bar moves longitudinally in one direction or the other. The restoring device can with advantage take the form of a cam an is preferably so arranged that the admission-valve to the motor is fully opened, or nearly so, before it commences to close' This arrangement eliminates the throttling of steam or other elastic fluid to the nozzles or other discharging devices by making the parts quickacting and is therefore an nnportant feature.

in case it be desired to obtain athrottling of the fluid to one or' more of the nozzles valves before closing for any reason the shape of the restoring slightly to accomplish it.

Entering into and forming a part of the mechanism between the governor and the nozzle-valves is a movable support, which no? der predetermined conditions such. for ex ample, as a failure of the main source of lubricant-supply for the turbine-bearings causes the latter to close all of the valves. The fluid for actuating the inotor may be that employed operate successively under to the turbine returns or restores and bar cams can be altered ing air under pressure is arranged in circuit between the source of supply and the motor tion fitted. with one form of my improved to lubricate the bearing or bearings ot' the l sectional view of the piston or motor-control: turbine or not, as is most convenient and deling valve viewed from the left-hand side of sirable to meet the specified conditions. VVal Fig. 1 and looking in the direction of the ar' ter or oil can be used, as desir i. This forms l row. Figs. 12v and 13 are detail views show; What m y be called an emergency device. I ing the relation between the piston-valve and In the" present illustration of the invention the ports. Fig. 14 is a sectional. view taken the support is in the form of a hydraulic'moon the line 14 14 of Fig. 8, showing the relator, which is subjected to the pressure of the tion between the motor-controlling valve and same fluid that operates the motor and acts the restoring device. Fig. 15 is a plan view directly on the motor-controlling valve in a of the double-arm floating lever which forms manner to cause it to admit fluid to the cylina part of the emergency device, and Figs. 16' der. The support raises or lowers the pivto 20 are diagrams showing the relation of otal point of what 1 term the floating lever, the parts under different conditions.

which is connected at one end to the speed Referringlto Fig. 1. 1 have shown my inresponsive device and at the other end to the vention in connection with a two-stage vertimotor-controlling valve. cal turbine of the jet type; but it is applicable motor in case of emergency, such as a failure sents the base of the machine, which is conof the main supply, an accumulator coutainnected to or forms a part of the condenser. Mounted above the base is a casing or shell 2 forthesecond orlow-pressurestage. Mounted with a check-valve that prevents the return above this is a second shell or casing 3 for of fluid from the accumulator to the said the first or high-pressure stage. Mounted source- The accumulator should contain a above and supported by the highpressure 'In order to insure a supply of fluid for the to other types of turbine as well. l reprel l suflicient amount of fluid and under the requistage is a dynamo-electric machine 4 of suitsite pressure to quickly move the cam-bar to able construction. The upper end .of the its initialposition irrespective of the position dynamo is closed in by a cover 5, which'earoccupied at the time of failure of the main riesadome 6. The latter surrounds the govsource of supply. Time is an important elcernor or speed-responsive device 7 and forms ment under such conditions, and the faster a support for one of the actuating-levers. the cam-bar moves the better. I Mounted on the upper side of the-lirst-stage The fluid for operating the motor may be shell or casing is a steam-chest 8 in which the same fluid which lubricates one or more are a plurality of nozzle-valves for controlof the turbinehearings or it may be an inling the admission of motive fluid to'the nozdependent source of supply, desired. This zle passages or other discharging-orifices. will be determined largely by the character The chest is lagged to prevent condensation ofthe plant into whichthe turbine enters. and is provided with a detachable cover 9,

In the accompanyingdrawings, whichillusthrough which the valves can be'removed. trateone embodiment of myinvention, Figure The lagging is held in place byametal casing 1, represents a vertical turbine in side elevagoverning mechanism. Fig. 2 is a partial view in section on an enlarged scale. Fig. 3 is a view in'elevation of a part of the governing mechanism viewed from the opposite side to that of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a plan viewof the valve-actuating mechanism. Fig. 5 is an enlarged sectional view of the cam-bar and'other mechanism for operating the nozzle-valves. Fig. 6 shows the cam-bar in its extreme lefthand position where all the valves are open. Fig. 7 is a similar view with the cam-bar in an intermediate position and the controllingvalve of-the motor set to admit fluid'thereto. Fig. 8 is an enlarged longitudinal section through the valve which controls the hydraulic motor. Fig: 9 is another longitudinal view through the motor-controlling valve in a position to admit fluid to the right-hand end of the cylinder, viewed from the front, to inchase the admission of motive fluid to the turbine. Fig. 10 is a similar view showing the valve in the raised position to cause the motor to decrease the admission of motive fluid to the turbine. Fig. 11. is an enlarged pressure is admitted to the chest by acouduit 10,'which is flanged to receive the main steampipe from the boiler. The steam-chest is located some distance to one side-of the turbine, as is clearly shown in Fig. 2, and formed on the left-hand side thereof is a projection 11, containing passages 12, that discharge into the sections of a nozzle 13. The nozzle may be of the expanding type or not andis'attached to the extension of the valve-chest by bolts, and the valve-chest and attached parts are secured to the cover of the first-stage casing by bolts 14. Situated below the steamfchest. and supported thereby is a casing 15, containing the valve-actuating mechanism, which casing is provided with a detachable front cover 16. The casing is supported fro'mthe steam-chest by a frame 17, that is provided with extensions on opposite ends through which retaining-bolts extend. Between the ex tensions on the frame is formed a space, and ex tending across this space are the valve-stems 18. Each of these stems is provided with suitable packing and adjusting means, which which has a cover registering with the one for the chest. Steam or other elastic fluid under the steam-chest 9.

are accessible from either side of the valve mechanism for the purpose of adjustment or the cylinder l9 of a hydraulic reversing-mo tor. Situated on the back of this cylinder is a valve-casing 20, containing a piston-valve for controlling the action of the motor. Situated above the valve is a slotted'cylindrical casing 21, containing the upper end of the valve-stern, with which the lever 22 is pivotally connected. Rigidly attached to the piston of the hydraulic motor is a restoring device or cam 23, which acts as a support for the pivot 24 of the lever. The restoring-cam is so designed that as it moves from one end of its stroke to the other the vertical position of the pivot is raised or lowered to meet the requirements.

Mounted in the bracket 30 on the side of the casing of the dynamo is a floating lever 31, which is loaded as by means of a weight 32 onits outer end, the weight tending at all times to move it into the position shown in Fig. 1. Mounted in the floating lever is a pivot 33, to' which the

arms

34 and 35 are rigidly attached. The arm 34 is attached to the lever 36 of the governor by the rod 37, the latter being provided with suitable adjusting means. The arm 35 is connected to the lever 22 of the motor-controlling valve' by the rod 38, suitable adjusting means being also provided.

The floating lever is pivoted to the bracket by the shaft 39, and when. the turbine is in operation is raised somewhat above the position shown by means of a hydraulic motor comprising a cylinder 40 and a piston reciprocating therein. Fluid under pressure is supplied to this motor by the pipe 41, which.

includes a valve for cutting the motor out of service. The lower end of this pipe is connected to the main pipe 42, leading from the source of supply. This motor forms a part of the emergency device and may receive its fluid from the same source which supplies lubricant to the step-bearing 43, or it may receive it from a separatesource.

Situated below the valvc actuating mechanism and supported thereby is an accumulator 44, containing air under pressure. This aecumulator receives fluid under pressure from the supply-pipe 4:2 and once the fluid enters it or the pipe beyond is prevented from returning by the check-valve 45. By reason of this construction there is always fluid enough to return the nozzle-yalves to the closed position when the main source of supply fails.

-.lteferring now to Figs. 2 to 7, inclusive, and particularly to Fig. 5, 46 represents the cambar for actuating the individual nozzle valves &7, the latter being of the puppet type and engaging with removable seats supported by The bar is provided with a number of cam-grooves 48', which extend longitudinally of the bar and substantially parallel with each other. The projections in one groove are staggered with respect to those in another groove. By reason of this construction the projections need not. be crowded. This bar engages with guides 49. formed on the inclosing casing. Each of the stems of the valves is attached to a slotted cross-head arranged to receive the cam-bar, and the former is guided to a certain extent by the latter. with a roller 50, that is carried by a detaclr able support 51. The upper end of each cross-head'is guided by the wall 52 of the easing, and the lower end is guided by a partition 53, which extends across the lower end of the inclosing casing. The upper end of each valve-stem extends through a sleeve 54, which is secured in place in the frame 17. This sleeve makes a close fit with the valvestem and forms a. packing therefor. The lower end of the sleeve is provided with a nut 55, whereby the packing can be adjusted.

cross-head is a yielding connection comprising a spring 56. a nut 57 on the end of the stem, and a pin 58, which extends through a slot in the end of the stem and prevents the same from turning. Mounted onv the stem and engaging with the cross-head is anut 59. By adjusting this nut the' position of the valve can be adjusted and also the tension on the spring 56. It is to be noted that the parts are all arranged in line and, furthermore, that they are so arranged that they can readily be removed. In order to remove a valve, the cover 9 is taken off of the valve-chest, the lubricant removed from the casing inclosing the cam-bar, and the cover 16 detached. The pin 58 is then removed and-the valve-stem and nut 59 rotated with respect to each other until the nut is detached. The packing 55 is then loosened slightly, and the valve and the attached stem can be passed up through the opening in the top of the steam-chest. In case it be desired to substitute new rollers 50 for engagement with the cam-grooves it is a simple matter to remove the plate 51, which holds the supporting-pin .in place, and after removing the same a new roller can be in serted. ()wing to the fact that the valve-actuating mechanism is working in oil, there is little or no tendency for the parts to become worn.

It is to be noted that alternate valves are actuated by the upper cam-groove, while the remaining valves are operated, by the lower cam-groove. in other words, two sets :of cam surfaces or projections are provided and a portion of the valves are operated by one i set and a portion by the other. By reason of this relation of parts only a small movement of the bar is required to actuate all of Each cross-head is provided' Between the lower end of the stem 18 and the h valve and at the same time a bar of provided withas maiivprojections as there are projections on thetzam-baritself. In the present instance the cam har has six. projec tions,', three. .in each groove, and therefore the restoring device hassix proiections'. The pitch of these pro ections"must correspond with the [)lt'ClIQl the pro e'ctions on the bar itself, although the'v'neednot be so pro-- nouncet'l." The'functioniof' these projections is to raise or lower the position of the pivot 24 on the valve-actuating lever 32- When the governor sets the lever 22 ina position to open the piston-valve controlling the hydraulic motor, the valve" remains open until the restoring device has moved a distance equal to the pitch between one or more projectionson thecam-har. Ordinarily for each new position ot the governor the cam-bar and "restoring device are moved. forward or back' by {a distance equal to the pitch ol the cam 1ir'oje( ations, and if this is insuiiicient to compensate 'foj' the load change they will move a" ,irther' .n'd" co'rresponding amount.

In Figftl the caiii-har 46 'is'shown' in the extremeleft-hand position t'o-open all of the valvesgimd weaver 22 is in a position to move the p1ston-\j'a lve controlling the hydraulicnuitor to' a central or-intermediate position.

In Fig. 7thejleft ha'n'd end of the lever 22 has been depressed-by fthe governor-weights,

which means that the speed is above normal, and the piston-valve has opened to admit fluid tothe-I'tft't-hand side of the piston 60. As shown, the'cam-bar is supposed tobe moving to the right." i Y Referring to Figs. 8 to 14;, inclusive, 19 represents'; the cylinder of the'motqr, and cast integral therewith and onithe'baclt side is a valve-casing-QO.

cored out at a numberof points to term ports, and registering with these ,ports are openings f63, fo'rme'din the sleeve. ,gThe adv-antage" of these arrangements is that theports or openings 63 canbe accurately-made with .respec'tto each other and 'theslee've atter- This casing is bored centrally to receive the'slceve 61. The casing is g in the sleeve.

69 are respectively connected to the rightsleeve is a balanced pistonvalve 70. each pis ton havingiserrated faces which permit acertain amount of fluid to enter the cylinder prior to the complete opening of the valve. The piston-like heads on the valve-stem are so related to the ports 63 in the sleeve that there is little or no overlap. In this connection it should be noted that the bottoms of the senrations are covered when the valve is closed.

The upper end of the valve-stem is attached to a cylindrical guide 71, that/ makes a-good 1 workinglit with the casing ZL inounted on the top of the valve-casing. The upperend of the valve-casing is provided with a igroove T2 for collecting any lluid which, may leak out througl'i the joints. to the passage 73, which extchds down through the valve-casing, zfifd the drip therefrom can be collected in any suitable manner.v The cylindrical guide 71 is slotted to receive the forked ends of the lever 22 and also the end of the restoring-cam 523 In Fig. 9 the piston-valve is shown in its extreme lower position,.and fluid is supposed to be passing from the inlet-port tii'tothe port'GS). leading to the left-hand end of the cylinder. i

In Fig. 10 the pistonwalve is' shown in its raised position, and motive lluid is supposed to be passing from the inlet-port 67 to the.

port 68, which is connected to the right-hand end of the cylimlcr, the left-l1and/ .nd oi. the cylinder being connected to the exhaust through the

ports

62 and 69.

f In Fig. 12 is shown the relation of the inlet-port 67'to the ports in the sleeve 61. It also shows the relation of the serrated faces of the piston-valve 70 to the ports or openings In Fig. 13 is shown the relation of the port 68 to the sleeve 61 and the passage'74, leading to the'right-hand end of the cylinder, as viewed in Fig. 8-.

Referring to Figs. 2, 3, 5, and 15, the construction and arrangement of the emergency device for shutting allotthe valves when the supply oflubricant fails will be described.

30 represents a bracket which is attached to cylinder 40, within which is located a piston 75.. The lower end of the cylinder is closed by a head 76, which prevents the escape of fluid at this point. The uppersideo-t' the piston is provided with a rod which extends through the upper head 77 of the cylinder and engages with the floating lever 31, the latter being pivoted to the .bracket at 39. The weight 32, mounted on the outer end of the arm, tends at all times to move the arm tothe position shown in the figures and cause the piston-valve controlling the motor to open in This grbove is connected step-bearing or other a direction to admit fluid to the left-hand side l whenever the weight 32 or other lead overoi" the piston latter to its initial position. This tendency of' theweight is opposed by the pressure of the lubricating fluid on the step-bearing. and so long as thepressure is maintained the lever will be kept in a raised position; but when the pressure falls below a certain point the weight overbalances the pressure and pushes the piston downward.

In the floating lever 31 is mounted a rock shaft 33, which rigidly (shown in Fig. 15) with the arm 35, the forme'r being connected to the speed-responsive d evice and the latter to the valve-actuating lever. i

In Fig. 16 is shown the relation of the parts when'thc weight or other load 32 on the float iiig lever 31 has overcome the pressure on the device which controls its action and the restoring device-23 is moved to its extreme right-hand position. The piston-valve for controlling the hydraulic motor is in the central position.

In Fig. 17 the floating lever are shown in a raised position,

31 and its weight and the governor through the system of ievers has movedthe piston-valve 70 into a position to cause fluid to be admitted to the right-hand end of the cylinder, as viewed in Figs. 1 and .3, and cause an increase in the volume of motive fluid delivered to thebucket-wheel. In this figure therestoring device 23 is shown in its extreme right-hand position.

In Fig. 18 the floating lever 31 is in the same position as before, but the restoring device 23 has moved to its extreme left-hand position, showing that all of the nozzle-valves" are open, and the piston-valve 70 has been moved by the restoring device until it'occupies a central or initial position.

In Fig. 19 the floating lever 31 remains in the same position as before, showing that the pressure on the step-bearing is unimpaired.- The piston-valve 70, however, has been moved by the governor-weights to a position where it permits fluid to pass from the inlet-port 7 .to the port 68, which leads to the left-hand end of the motor, as viewed in Fig. 5, which pauses a decrease in the amount of motive fluid delivered to the turbine-wheel.

In Fig. 20 the floating lever 31 is in its normal position, and the governor has moved the piston-valve 7o to its extreme upper position, whereliy a nraximum amount of fluid is being admitted to the cylinder of the hydraulic niotor to cause it to close one or more oi the nozzle-valves. The restoring device 23 is shown at about three-quarters stroke.

Since the accumulator 44 contains fluid under pressure, which is prevented from return ing to the source of supply by the check-valve 45,- there is always fluid enough and under the requisite pressure to move the piston of the motor to its right-hand or initial position in other words, to return the comes the piston 76,

l i l i connects the arm 34 showing that thepressure on the step-bearing has decreased by a certain amount and that it is necessary to shut down the machine.

It is-to be noted that the pressure within the steam-chest tends at all times to seat the valves. In other words, the valves tend to return to the safety or closed position and out off the supply of motive fluid to the bucketwheel.

By placing the valve-stems and their actuating mechanism below the steam-chest the valve-stems are side and are therefore cut off from the action of the motive fluid, which is especially im-. portant when superheated steam is employed as a motive flui The long sleeve which surrounds the valve-stein forms a water-paclc ing and prevents burning due to the use of hot gases.

The word governor as used in tlieclaii'ns is to be understood as including any sort of a device which is responsive to load or speed changes of the turbine. It is obvious that the character of the governor can be widely varied without departing from the spirit of my invention. It is also to be understood that the invention in certain of its broader aspects isnot limited to the particular arrangement ot' the cam-bar shown.

In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes 1 have described the principle of operation of my invention, together with the apparatus sent the best embodiment thereof; but 1 desire to have it understood that the apparatus shown is only illustrative and that the invention can be carried out by other means.

W hat. 1 claim as new, and desire to secure by I letters Patent of the United States, is

1. A governing mechanism for turbines, comprising a plurality of individual valves, a governor,'and a motor, in combination with a reciprocating element actuated by the motor and provided with longitudinally-extcnding cam surfaces or projections arranged in separate and overlapping sets for actuating the valves.

2. A -goVerning mechanism for turbines, comprising a plurality of individual valves, a governor, and a motor, in" combination with a reciprocating element actuated by the motor and provided with parallel and separate sets ot' overlapping cam projections, one set of projections acting on a part of the valves, the other set of' projections acting on theremainder.

3. A, governing mechanismlor' turbines, comprising a plurality, of individual valves,

\ each controlling the passage of fluid to the turbine; and a governor, in-conibination with a reciprocating cam-bar, a reversible fluid-actuated motorlor actuating the bar which is started into action by the governor, and a relocated on the low-pressure which I now consider to rcpre' other set.

. apart, and a plurality the, combination of camsurfaces or storing device acting indepeniantly of the governor'for stopping the motor.

4. A governing mechanism for turbines,

' comprising a plurality of individual valves,

each controlling the passageof fluidto the tnr-. bine, and a governor, in combination with a reciprocating cam-bar having two or more sets of projections thereon, each set engaging with the valves,a reversible motor for moving the bar in one direction or the'other in response to the governor and a restoringdevice acting independently of the governor for stopping the motor.

5. In a governing mechanism for turbines, the combination of a movable element having parallel sets of longitudinallyoverlapping cam-surfaces with a plurality of valves some of which are actuated by one set of cam-snrfaces, while certain others are actuated by an 6. In a governing mechanism for turbines, the combination of an element having sets of cam-grooves which are substantially alike in form, but are arranged in diti'erent planes, a plurality 01 valves arranged in the same plane certain of which are acted upon by thecamgrooves which are in one plane while the remainder are acted upon by those in a differ ent plane and means located in the grooves for imp'arting motion to the valves.

7. In a governing mechanism for turbines, the'con' bination of a governor responsive to load changes, a cam-bar'having sets of projections arrangedin parallel rows and spaced admitting fluid .to the turbine, the valves beingiso arranged that alternate ones engage cam projections in the same set, the projections in one set being staggered with respect to'those in another set.

8. In a governing mechanism 'for turbines, a movable cam-bar having projections arranged in sets, a plurality of valves, cross heads for the valves which are guided by'the bar, and means for transmitting motion from the bar to the valves.

9. In a governing mechanism for turbines, the combination of a bar having cam surfaces or projections arranged in sets, a plurality of valves, and slotted cross-heads for the valves, which engage opposite sides of the bar and are guided ,thercby. p

'10, In a governing mechanism for turbines, thecombination of a bar having cam-slots formed therein,

which is provided with a slotted actuator through which the bar extends, and means passing through the slots for imparting the movement of the bar to'the valves.

111. Inagoverning mechanism for turbines, thecomhina mounted therein, a valve-actnator, a casing therefor, and means for detachably securing the ca-sing to the chest so that the actuator of individual valves for v a plurality of valves each of tion of achest, a plurality of valves can be removed withoutdisturbing the valvechest.

12. In a governing mechanism for turbines, the combination of a chest, valves mounted therein, a valve-actuator, a casing therefor, means for detachably securing the casing to the chest, and packingsfor the stems of the valves, which are carried by said .means.

13. In a governing mechanism forturbines, the combination of chest,val-ves mounted therein, a valve-actuator, a casing'surround ing the actuator, a detachable. frame or member which is attached to the chest and is provided with extensions that are secured to the casing, and valve-stems which extend from the chest to the actuator and are situated between said extensions.

14. In a govcrni ng mechanism for turbines, the combination of a chest, valves mounted therein, a-valve-zictuator, a casingwhich surrounds the actuator and is supported some distance from the chest,valve-stems which extend l l l l l l l and valve-adjusting means which" are located in said space. I

15. In agoverning mechanism for turbines, the combination of a plurality of individual valves, a cam-bar which actuates the valves and also guides them, a casing for the bar which also acts as a guide for the valves, and

the bar.

the combination of a chest having fluid-discharging passages, a nozzle attached to the chest, a plurality of valves controlling the su pzle, and a valve-actuator which is supported in a casing hung from theunder side of the chest. 17. A governing mechanism for turbines, comprising a valve for controlling the passage offluid to the turbine, and a governor, in combination with a motor, a cam for moving the valve, a motor-controlling means, and a de vice attached to the cam for restoring the: motor-controllingmeans to its initial position. 18. In ago'vernihg mechanism fora turbine,- the 'combination of a mechanism controlling the admission of fluid to'the turbine, a motor for moving the mechanism, a controller for the motor, and a support for the controller, which is moved by the motors 19. In agovernin neclianism for a turbine, the combination of ii va e controllingthe admission. of fluid to the turbine, ainotor for moving the valve, a-lever for controlling the motor, and adevicemoved by the supports the fulcrum ofthe lever.

20. Ina governingmechanism fora turbine, the combinationof admission ot'iluid to the turbine, a bar a cainssurlj'ace for actuating the valve, for moving the bar, a controller for tor, and a restoring d l surf having a motor the moevice which has a camace corresponding td that on the bar.

across the space between the chestand casing,

guides supported by the casing, which engage I 16. In agoverning mechanism for turbines,

ply of fluid through the passages to the noz motor which a means l'or controlling the 2].. in a governing mechanism for turbines, zhe combination of a plurality of valves con- .arolling the admission of fluid to the turbine,

a bar having sets of cam projections or surfaces, a motor for moving the bar, a controller therefor, and a restoring device for the controller, which has cam projections or surfaces corresponding to those on the bar.

2 In a governing mechanism for turbines,

the combination of an element, having independent sets ot'cam projections for controlling the admission of fluid to the turbine, a con- .roller for regulating the action of said elenent, and a restoring device for moving the ontroller to a given position, which is proided with a single set of cam projections 'hich correspond to the independent sets on till element.

23. In a governing mechanism, the combiation of a bar havingsets of cam projections, hose of one set being staggered with respect 0 those in another, a motive-power agency .or moving the bar, and adevice for stopping the motor, which contains a single set of cam projections corresponding to the projections on the bar.

24. In a governor for turbines, the combination of an element having cam projections, thereon, valves moved by the projections, a motive-pmver agency for moving the said element, a controller for regulating the movements of the element, and a device for restoring the controller to a given position. which has projections of the same pitch as those on the element, but of less magnitude.

25. In a governing mechanism for turbines, the combination of a bar having sets of camgrooves spaced apart and having projections, those of one set alternating with those in another set, individual and successively-operated valves, and means located in the grooves and acted upon bythc cam surfaces or projections for moving the valves.

- 26. In a governing mechanism for turbines, the combination of a movable element having earn surfaces or projections arranged in sets, the surfaces or projections of the sets being of equal pitch and those of one set alternating with those of another set, individual valves successively operated by the cam surfaces or projections, a motive-power agency for movingthe said member and a device actuated by the moving element for controlling the motive-power agency. v

27. In agoverning mechanism for turbines, the combination of a governor, a plurality of individual valves, a nieans foroperating the valves, a'motor for actuating the means, a controller for the motor, which is moved by the governor,-and a device for modifying the action of the governor on the controller, which is attached to and is me 'able with the valveactuating means.

28. lnagoverning mechanism for turbines,

the combination of a governor, a plurality of individual valves, a longitudinally-movable cam-bar, a reciprocating motor for moving the bar, a valve controlling the motor, areciprocating restoring device which moves the motor-controlling valve to its initial position and is itself attached to the bar, and a speedresponsive device which opens the motor-con- --trolling valve.

29. in a governing mechanism for turbines,

' the combination of a number of nozzle-valves,

a cam-bar for moving them, a hydraulic motor in line with the bar for reciprocating it, a motor-controlling valve occupying a position perpendicular to the cylinder of the motor, a lever which is attached to the valve, and.

a support for the fulcrum ot' the lever, which changes its position for each new position assumed by the cam-bar.

30. Ina governing mechanism for steamturbines, the combination of a plurality of valves admitting motive fluid to the turbine, a fluid-actuated motor for moving the valves successively, and a second fluid-actuated motor which modifies the action of the first.

31. In a governing mechanism for turbines, the combination of a valve for admittingfluid to the turbine, a means for positively actuating the valve, a governor controlling the action of the means, and a device for rendering the governor inoperative as to the said means under certain conditions.

32. In a governing mechanism for turbines, the combination of a valvefor admitting fluid to the turbine, a means for actuating the valve, a governor controlling the action of the means, and a pressure-responsive device for rendering the' governor inoperative'as to the said means under certain conditions.

i 33. in a governing mechanism for a turbine. the combination of a valve for admitting fluid to the turbine, a means controlling the operation of the valve, a speed-responsive device,

a connection between the means and the speedresponsive device, and an emergency device wlnch is responsive to pressure changes for modifying the action of the speed-responsive (lOVlCG on the means.

34. in combination, a turbine having one or more bearings, a valve for admitting fluid to the turbine, a governor for controlling the action of the valve, a means for supplying lubricant to a turbine-bearing, and means responsive to the pressure on said bcari'g for cutting oil the supply of motive 'li uid to the turmore bearings, a valve for admitting fluid to the turbine, and an emergency device which is responsive to changes in' pressure of the lubricant supplied to a turbine-bearing for shut ting the valve.

36. In combination, a turbine having one or more bearings, a valve for admitting fluid to the turbine, and an emergency device including a hydraulic piston and cylinder for calls- 35. In combination, a turbine having one or ing the "valve to shut.when-,the pressure of the lubricant supplied to a turbine-bearing falls below a certain amount.

87. In combination, a turbine, a-valve controlling the admission offluid thereto, a speedresponsive device for opening andelosing of v position of the lever-pivot.

39. In combination, a turbine,an admission-.

valve, an actuator for the valve, a means controlling the actuator, a speed-responsivede:

vice, a connection between the means and said device, alever which is pivoted at one end to a fixed support and is loaded at the other, a hydraulic motor which raises or lowers one end of the lever in response to changes in pressure of the lubricant, and a second lever which pivoted on the first and forms a part of said connection.

40. In combination, a turbine, the wheel of which is supported by fluid under pressure, a valve for governing the supply of motive fluid to the wheel, ahydraulic motor for moving the valve, anda source of fluid-pressure which supplies fluid to support the weight of the moving part of the turbine and also to operate the motor.

41. In combination, a turbine, a valve for regulating the admission of moti vc fluid thereto, a motor for actuating the valve, a source of energy for the motor, and an auxiliary source of supply for the motor, which is operative when the main source of energy fails.

42. In combination, a turbine, a valve for regulating the admission of motive fluid thereto, a hydraulic motor for actuating the valve, and an accumulator in circuit with the motor for operating it under abnormal conditions.

43. In combination, a turbine, a valve 'for regulating the admission of motive fluid thereto, a hydraulic motor for actuating the valve, an accumulator in circuit with the motor for operating it under abnormal conditions, and a check-valve for preventing the return of fluid-from the accumulator in case the source of fluid-supply fails.

44. In combination, a turbine, a hydraulic motor controlling the admission of motive fluid to the turbine, a hearing which supports the weight of the revolving structure of the urbine, and a source of fluid-supply which is common to the motor and bearing.

15. In combination, a turbine, a hydraulic motor controlling the I which includes a lever, and a fluid-actuated means for changing the admission of motive fluid to the turbine, a second motor which under abnormal conditions modifies the action of the first, and a source of fluid-supplywhich is common to both motors. 46. In combination, a turbl-ne a fluid to the turbine, a bearingwh'ich supports the weight of the revolvingstructure ofthe' turbine, a second motor which modifies the action of the first, and a source oi" fluid under pressure, which is common to 'both motors casin g, a valve mounted therein,- the $130111 'ofwhich extends through the casing, a guide for one end of the stem, an actuating-lever ath-ydraulie- 1 motor controlling the admission of motive"- tached thereto, and a valve-restoring device Which passes through the guide during 1E8- movementh r l i 49. In a governing mechanism for-turbines,-

the combination of a valve:forcontrolling-the 1 admission of motivefiuid to'thewheel, afluidactuated motor for movingthe valve, lcasing, and'a' piston-valve mounted-therein-,--

the heads of which areserratedr- ,1

50. In agoverning mechanism,thecombi nation of a wheel-casing, avalve-chestwhich; is aflixedthereto and overhangs. the side of the casing, valves mounted in thefl chest, anactuatorfor the valves; also locatedatoneside of and away from the casingand attached to-the chest, a motive-power agency for nioving-the1.

actuator, also. carried by, the chest, and-a spcede responsive device which controls the motor. i

51.. lna governor for vertical turbine-gen v craters, the combination of a turbinecoin pris ing relatively rotatable buckets, a generator mounted above. the turbine, a .speedwesponsive device mounted. on the inainlshatt; a '10- verwhieh isspivotally-attachcdto the genera; v -tor,; a valve for admitting motive fluid=to= the" buckets, which is adjacent to theturbine part-' of the unit, a hydraulic motor for moving-the valve, a valvefor controlling the motor, and an operating connection between the lever: and

the valve.

' 52. Ina governing mechanism for'turbincs, the combination-of a plurality of separately zv actuated valves, a chest for the-valvesriwhielr is provided with an opening in line with the valves, a removablecover for thelchest, an

actuator for the valve, which is situated below it, a stem for the valve, the valvev and .stem

being removable through the opening in the chest, and a means accessible from a point outside of the chest for connecting and disconnecting the valve from the actuator.

53. In a governing mechanism for turbines, the combination of a bucket-wheel, a nozzle, a valve for admitting motive fluid to the turbine, a cross-head for actuating the valve, a cam for moving the cross-head, and a yielding connection between the valve-stem and the cross-head.

54:. In a governing mechanism for turbines,