US791494A - Apparatus for magnetic separation. - Google Patents

Description

V310.791,49@ j v PATENTED JUNB, 1905.

. l o. Q. PAYNE. Y AlneAMTls FOR MAGNETIC spPARATIoN.

APPLICATION y.'EILEDy FEB. 2, 1903.

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f G.Q,PAYNE. l I APPARATUS TGR MAGNETIC SEPARATION.

APILIOATION FILED FEB. 2, 1903.

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WITNESSES: X INVENTOR CLaemze Q.R1ne,.

N0.'791,4941. `l I PATENTED JUNE 6, 1905. A .0.Q. EAYNE. A

lAPPARATUS EOE MAGNETIC SEPARATION.

' APPLICATION FILED FEB. 2, 1903.

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l Cczz-ezace l v UNITED STATES Patented une d, 190.

PATENT OFFICE.

'CLARENCE Q. PAYNE, OF STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO THE INTERNATIONAL S'EPARATOR COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

I. APPARATUS FOR-MAGNETIC SEPARATION.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 791,494, dated June 6, 1905.

Application flled February 2, 1903. Serial No. 141,402.

To @ZZ whom it may concern,.- Be it known that I, CLARENCE Q. PAYNE, a citizen of the-United States, and a resident of Stamford, in the county of Fairfield, State of 5 Connecticut, (having a post-oiiice address at 99 John street, in the city and State of New York,) have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Magnetic Separation, of which the following is a full, 1o clear, concise, and exact description.

My invention relates more particularly to improvements in magnetic separators of thegeneral type described inLetters Patent Nos. 641,147, 641,148, and 641,220, granted to me January 9, 1900.

The present invention consists infurther improvements in the construction of the cylinder or separating-carrier with a View to an increase of its efficiency and simplification of its structure.

It consists, further, in an improved structure for obtaining line dispersions.7 of the flux density in the magnetic field and -also point and line dispersions thereof jointly,

. in the latter case without any accompanying decrease of the available positions for attachment of the ore particles undergoing separation, a further feature being that the surface of the carrier is so formed that the falling ore 3o particles cannot escape the point and line dispersions of the flux density.

I will vdescribe my invention by reference to the accompanying' drawings, in which- Figuresl and 2 illustrate, broadly, by diagrammatic sections through av magnetic field,

the novel means employed to secure point and line dispersions of the magnetic flux therein, vthe machine being of the type in which a hollow separating-cylinder is arranged to revolve 4o' between. opposing -magnetic surfaces, one of which is outside and one inside of said cylinder. Figs'. 3 and 4 illustrate another form of separating-carrier adapted to be used in connection with a machine having pole-pieces eX- ternal to the carrier, which therefore in such case need not be hollow. Figs. 5 and 6 illustrate another and the preferred manner of coni structing a hollow separating-cylinder adapted for use in the types of machines illustratedin my previous patents above referred to. Figs. 7 and 8 show in section and in plan, respectively, a type of separating-machine in which a separating-carrier such as shown in Figs. 3 and 4 may be used. Fig. 9 is a sectional elevation of another type'of machine having a hollow separating-cylinder and 0pposing magnet-poles arranged one inside and one outside of said cylinder.

The same letters of reference indicate the same parts wherever-they are shown.

In the application for Letters Patent, Serial No..72,322, filed August 17, 1901, I have shown and claimed, broadly, a novel type of separating-cylinder in which magnetizable plates or laminae having projecting edge faces are employed to secure certain important advantages. In my present invention I also make use of a series of thin iron or soft-steel plates in the construction of the transversely -laminated separating-carrier. Such laminated construction of the cylinder lends itself readily to the provision of teeth to produce point or line dispersions of the magnetic flux and is also of advantage in that Foucault or eddy currents are suppressed, so that the cylinder can be turned in a strong magnetic field withcomparatively littleexpenditure of energy.

Inl accordance with the present invention the edges of the plates are arranged to overlap, so that the edges of contiguous or adjacent plates are brought out of alinement with each other or are exposed. These edges may be wedge-shaped, as shown in Figs. 1, 3, and 5, or they may have parallel sides and blunt ends, as shown in Fig. 2,-01' they may have' outer edges of the plates are substantially out of contact with each other-that is, out of contact fever nearly all of `their extent.

Considering the effect of a single wedgeshaped edge or tooth, as A B C, Fig. l, upon the magnetic lines of force within the field between the pole-pieces or magnetic surfaces Mand N, it-is evident that the magneticdensity wlill be greatest justwithin and vthe magnetic divergence or dispersion will be greatest just without the points or corners B and B' of the Wedge-shaped tooth A `-B C, si'ncethey are each formed by the intersection of three planes and alsobecause they are on the line B B' which is nearest to the magnetic surface N. AtB and B', therefore, point dispersionsof the magnetic I iux are thus formed within the field, and these y fpeintsarefcentersof the strongest attracting force 1fferthe fore particles in Athe lfield. The' line jo'infing'the poi-nts Band B', formed by the i intersection fof two planes, secures here line; 'dispersions of fthe iux density within theiield i fand'lby 'its position exerts the longest Iandl Ystrongest attracting forceupon orelparticles@` placed along iits length. Line fdispersio'ns 4o the magnetic flux are'also obtained along lthe l'ines A FB, A' B', B'Qfand B' C', which lform i the bounding edges :of fthe Wedge-'tooth A B 1C, Fig. 4; Lbut vthea'ttractinrg foreedecreases; along these lines as -the distance from th'ei 'points Bland B' increases. l

When the teeth are formed,as shown in@ FigfQ, lwith 'a face or edge of some lfittle area, i point and line ldispers-ions of the magnetici fluxwillibefdbtaifnedattheicorners-and b'ound- 'ing -edges 'of the iteeth; but the'rewvifll befa `slight fleakageo'f llinesaof rforce Ibetween thef iiat face-fof the tooth vand the magnet-pole N, i which willl fnot -be -directly available for yat-` tractin'g orepar-ticles, lespecially those of slight l magnetic susceptibility. I therefore prefer the form of tooth illustrated in Fig. l.

In applying lmy invention to an-opera-tingmachine l make use of a seriesof thi'n Airon -plates having :teeth upon their outer ledges, i `and which are so-mounted iand assembled that the teethof adjacent plates yoverlap or are broughtoutef alinement witheachother, as shown most-clearly in Figs. r2 and 5. 1t isi possible -to secure by -my invention in ythis @way a far greater `intensity/of magnetic `effect E upon `feeble magnetic materials undergoing separation and -a more eii'icient distribution of :the linesof force at the surface of the separating-'carrier than yhas heretofore been Iattained. ltwill also lbe evident lthat these advantages-'are secured without any reduction Io`fvany-of the available positions for attach- 'ment-of fthe-ore particles along the points and edges `of 'the teeth; but, on A-the contrary, the number of available positions for attachment is increased when lthe ends'of the teeth are offset lbut in contact at their bases, as above described. In the form of machineillustrated in Figs. l and 2 the separating-carrier or hollow cylinderis built up of thin ironor softsteel circular plates, rings, or disks, the cylinder vbeing arranged Ato revolve between two opposing magnetic surfaces or pole-pieces, between which a magnetic lield is formed, one of said pole-pieces being on the inside and the other en the4 outside of 'the cylinder. lh'is formfof separating-carrier, due toits laminated construction, can be revolved with great ease through the magnetic field, since Foucault or eddy-currents 'are suppressed by the subdivision of the cylinder into thin iron plates. ln the preferred form of my invention, however, where the machine is of the hollow-cylinder type, -wi'thone pole inside and the other outside of the cylinder, the cylinder is preferably subdivided ylongitudinally as well as transversely, ias sho-wn fin Figs. 2, i3, and 6, for the purpose Xof preventing' Iundue |leakage -o'f the'magnetic'lines from the inner-pole-'piece around' the eirciimference of the cylinder. Such aeylinder is preferably built up ofsegmental plates having toothed edges of suitable .for-m, the plates 'being fitted between and supported by `longitudinaltie-rods V V. Said tie-rodsare supported inend lplates or drum- ='headsat the ends `of the lcylinder in such a 'way-as to make ya sort-of cylindrical squirrelcage frame, and said tie-'rods lmay be further vsu-pported fatintervals-'along the llengthof the cylinder by means of tie-rings R R. '.lfhe

segmental lplatesor .laminations 4are recessed at their ends, so as to fit 'in ybetween `-the tie` rods and `the frame, and in this lway the cylinder may be built Aupiby slipping these plates along the rods before one of the drumheads issecured to said rods. Vifhen thefcy-limler is thus buifltrup, the'drumheadswill be tightened upon vthe Alaminated plates by lmeansof nuts screwing upon the ends of the tie-rods which Iproject through saiddrumheads. '.lhe 'tie-rodsshould be made of non-magnetic metal or alloy 'of -hgh electrical resistance, such as v`manganese-bronze. Thecylinder when thus builtup forms-anannular laminated armature- 'ring the lmagnetic eircuitof which is interrupted in the direction of its circumference by j imeans of the'ai-r-gaps between `the successive g rows of segmental plates andLs alsointe rr up ted `in theldireetionof thelength of the cylinder by `reason of-its transversely-laminated structure. The segmental kvplates by which such a cylinder 4is built up `may be provided with any desired form of teeth, andthe plates 'may be so constructed that -when assembled between the tie-'rods the teethof adjacent diskswil'l be out of alinement or staggered. By this construetion I am able to secure the-ad vantages already 'pointed out, in 'that Foucault or eddy currents are suppressedand a greater control of the positions -of the lines of force in the field is secured, the'laminated construction lending itself with great facility to the provision of IOO IIO

the teeth-are substantially, but not wholly,

out of contact with each other, the extreme pointsy of the teeth being free.

The form of separating-carrier shown in Figs. 3 and 4, which is intended tobe used in a machine of thefgeneral type yshown in Figs. 7 and 8, is built up by assembling a series of thin iron or soft-steel circular plates or disks upon a shaft T, said disks being clamped together in any convenient way-for example, by means of a key and compressionf flanges, as shown in the illustrations. My invention can be applied to such a form of separating-carrier without diiiiculty, since the lamin'ations or disks may easily be assembled upon the shaft in such a manner as to present the teeth ofv adjacent disks in staggeredrelations'at the surface of the cylinder thus built up, the key upon the shaft serving to prevent the disks from relative rotation. In Figs. 7

and 8 I have shown a complete operatingmachine with its separating carrier con- 'structed in accordance with my invention. The magnet-coils W W are placed on the' sides of the machine, and their` coresy are connected by means ofthe yokes O and P. The coils are so wound and connected that when they are charged with an electric current, preferably from a dynamo-electric machine, the magnetic flux generated in the cores of the magnet `forms `two circuits, as shown bythe broken lines and arrow-heads in Fig. 8. A

y magnetic ield is thus established in the space between the opposing magnetic surfaces of the pole-pieces M and N, as shown in Fig. 7. The cylindrical separating-carrier S T is placed centrally between the pole-pieces MN and at a shortdistance from their surfaces, which are approximately concentric with the separating-cylinder for a portion of their lengths, Vas shown in Fig. 7

The apparatus is preferably provided with A means for retaining the material undergoing separation in close proximity to a considerable segment of the cylinder. For this purpose the pole-piece N is preferably extended along a considerable segment of the cylinders surface below its horizontal diameter, so as to form aguide-surface for the ore mixture while passing through theield. rIhe surface of the pole-piece may also be provided with a lining-plate or wearing-plate, as shown in 1 Fig. 7, although such a plate is not essential to the proper operation of the machine.

Toincrease or diminish the air-gap between the separating-surface of the cylinder S and the pole-piece N, theshaft T is supported in hinged bearings Q, Q', and the yoke O is pro; vided with screws L L', so thatit may be moved along the core ends of the magnets W W.

Inoperating the apparatus the magnetic field is charged, and the separating-cylinder is caused to revolve through the ield in the direction indicated by the arrows by means of a pulley X, keyed to one end of the shaft T, driven by a belt connected with any convenient source of power. The means employed to revolve the separating-cylinder are, however, not important, since the suppression of all Foucault or eddy currents by the construction of the cylinder permits it to be revolved with an vexpenditure of very little power, and by varying` the'diarneter of the driving ordriven pulleys the speed ofthe cylinder may be readily adjusted to the requirements of the material undergoing separation.

The material to be separated after crushl ing, if necessary, to unlock the minerals to be separated 1s introduced from any convenient source of supplyy H by means of theguide-plates E F G into the magnetic field between the cylindrical carrier S and the polepiece N. The magnetic ore particles of the material are then attracted and held to the points and edges of the toothed surfaces of the carrier S until by the continued rotation" of the carrier they are conveyed out of the During their passage through` the iield the surface of the pole-piece N, which is preferably made approximately concentric with the IOO cylinder S, and its relative position to the f i along a considerable segment thereof below its horizontal diameter, and while the nonmagnetic or non-attracted .particles are thus readily discharged from the surfacey of the cylinder the magnetic or attracted particles are att-he same time prevented from escaping beyond the range of lattraction of the inductively magnetized surface of the cylinder while within the eld. Upon successive demagnetization of the carrier-teeth as the latter leave the field the attracted ore particles are released and discharged over the edge of the division-plate K, thus eifecting their separation from the non-magnetic or non-attracted ore particles, which on leaving the iield are guided by the divisionplate K into a separate receptacle. (Not shown in the drawings.)

In case it is desired to divide an ore mixture into products known in ore dressing as heads, middlings and tailings, or where the crude material contains several magnetic materials which differ in their magnetic susceptibility it may be desirable to use two or more .division-plates to classify. the.v

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magnetic material as it is discharged from the separating-carrier, as shown in Fig. 7. If the ore contains a certain amount of stronglymagnetic material, it may also be desirable to employ a light brush, as shown at Y, Fig. 7, in order to prevent such particles from remaining attached to the surface of the cylinder during a complete revolution.

While Figs. 7 and 8 show, for the purpose of illustration, lmy invention applied to a single magnetic field formed upon two circuits of the magnetic liuX, I do not desire to conne my invention to this embodiment, as modifications within the claims of my invention will suggest themselves to those skilled in the art. Among various modilications attention is called to the forms described and shown in my application, Serial No. 175,597, filed October 3, 1903, and in my application, Serial No. 175,598, filed October 3, 1903, as divisions of my present application.

In Fig. 9 I have illustrated my invention as applied to the form of machine shown in my prior patent, No. 762,752, dated June 14, 1904, in which the separating-cylinder is hollow and the opposing magnet-poles are arranged one inside and one outside of said cylinder. The separating-cylinder here shown is built up of continuous rings or annular disks of sheetiron, with serrated teeth upon their edges, as shown in Fig. 1.

I claim- 1. In a magnetic separator, a transverselylaminated separating-cylinder, composed or' a plurality of magnetizable circular disks having toothed edges, in combination with means for magnetizing said cylinder, substantially as described.

2. In a magnetic separator, a transverselylaminated separating-cylinder, composed of a plurality of magnetizable circular disks having teeth upon their edges, said disks being relatively so placed that the teeth of the adjacent disks are out of alinement, in combination with means for magnetizing said cylinder, substantially as described.

3. In a magnetic separator, a transverselylaminated separating-carrier, provided with a plurality of magnetizable laminas, whose edge faces are provided with projecting portions which create a series of point and line dispersions of the flux density on the surface of said cylinder, in combination with means for magnetizing said cylinder, substantially as described.

4. Ina magnetic separator, a laminated separating-cylinder, provided with a plurality of transversely-disposed magnetizable plates having teeth upon their edges, said plates being relatively so placed that the teeth of the adjacent plates are out of alinement, in combination with means for magnetizing said cylinder, substantially as described.

5. In amagnetic separator, a laminated separating-eylinder, provided with a plurality of transversely-disposed magnetizable plates having edge projections, said plates being relatively so placed as to provide the separatingsurface with transversely and longitudinally projecting edges, in combination with means for magnetizing said cylinder, substantially as described.

6. In a magneticseparator, a laminated separating-carrier provided with a plurality of transversely-disposed magnetizable laminas, the edge faces of said laminae being relatively so placed as to provide the surface of the carrier with transversely and longitudinally projecting edges, in combination with means for magnetizing said carrier, substantially as described.

7. In a magnetic separator, a transverselylaminated separating-cylinder, provided with a plurality of magnetizable plates having teeth upon their edges, said plates being relatively so placed that the teeth of the adjacent plates are out of alinement, in combination with two opposing magnetic surfaces between which a magnetic lield is formed, and between which said cylinder is arranged to move, substantially as described.

8. In a magnetic separator, a transverselylaminated separating-cylinder composed of a plurality of magnetizable circular disks having teeth upon their edges, said disks being relatively so placed that the teeth of the adjacent disks are out ot' alinemcnt, in combination with two opposing magnetic surfaces, between which a magnetic iield is formed, and between which said separating-cylinder is arranged to move, substantially as described.

9. In amagnetic separator, the combination of a transversely-laminated separating-cylinder provided with a plurality of magnetizable plates having teeth upon their edges, said plates being relatively so placed thaty the teeth IOO of the adjacent plates are out ot' alinement,

two opposing pole-pieces between which said cylinder is arranged to move, and a guideplate connected with one oil said pole-pieces and extending above the horizontal diameter of said cylinder, substantially as described.

10. In a magnetic separator, the combination of a transversely-laminated separatingcylinder provided with a plurality of magnetizable laminas having teeth upon their edges, said laminas being relatively so placed that the teeth of adjacent laminae are out of alinement, and means for magnetizing said cylinder and for retaining the material undergoing separation in close proximity to said cylinder along a considerable segment thereof below its horizontal diameter, substantially as dcscribed.

11. In a magnetic separator, a transverselylaminated separating-carrier, provided with a plurality of magnetizable laminae, having alternatelyprojecting edges, in combination with means for magnetizing said carrier, substantially as described.

12. In a magnetic separator, the combination of a transversely-'laminated separatingcylinder composed of a plurality of magnetizable circular disks having teeth upon their edges, said disks being relatively so placed that the teeth of the adjacent disks are out of alinement, two opposing pole-pieces placed approximately concentric with said cylinder, and betweeny which said cylinder is arranged to move, and a guide-plate connected with one of said pole-pieces and extending above the horizontal diameter of said cylinder, substantially as described.

13. In a magnetic separator, the combination of a transversely-laminated separatingcylinder provided with a plurality of magnetizable circular disks having teeth upon their edges, said disks being relatively so placed that the teeth of adjacent disks are out of alinement, and means Jfor magnetizing said cylinder and for maintaining the material undergoing separation in close proximity to said cylinder along a. considerable segment thereof below its horizontal diameter, substantially as described.

14. In a magnetic separator, atransverselylaminated separating-cylinder provided with a plurality of magnetizable laminael relatively so placed that the successive edges of said laminas project circumferentially beyond those of their adjacent laminas, in combination with means for magnetizing said cylinder, substantially as described.

15. In a magnetic separator, a transverselylaminated separating-cylinder provided with a plurality of magnetizable circular disks relatively so disposed that successive edges of said disks project circumferentially beyond those of their adjacent disks, in combination with means for magnetizing said cylinder, substantially as described.

16. In a magnetic separator, a transverselylaminated separating-cylinder provided with a plurality of magnetizable laminae having toothed edges relatively so placed that the teeth of said laminae project circu mferentially beyond those of their adjacent laminas, in combination with two opposing pole-pieces, between which a magnetic field is formed, and between which said cylinder is arranged to move, substantially as described.

17. In a magnetic separator, a transverselylaminated separating-cylinder provided with a plurality of magnetizable circular disks having toothed edges relatively so placed that the teeth of said disks project circumferentially beyond those of their adjacent disks, in combination with two opposing pole-pieces, between which a magnetic field is formed, and between which saidcylinder is arranged to move, substantially as described.

18. In a magnetic separator, a transverselylaminated separating-cylinder provided with a ,plurality of magnetizable laminae relatively so placed that successive edges of said laminas project circumferentially beyond those of their adjacent laminas, in combination with two opposing pole-pieces placed approximately concentric] with said cylinder, and between which said cylinder is arranged to move, substantially as described. Y

19. In a magnetic separator, a transverselylaminated separating-cylinder provided with a plurality of magnetizable circular disks relatively so placed that successive edges of said disks project circumferentiallybeyond those of their adjacent disks, in combination with two opposing pole pieces placed approximately concentric with said cylinder, and between which said cylinder is arranged to move, substantially as described.

20. In a magnetic separator, the combination of a transversely-laminated separatingcylinder provided with a plurality of magnetizable laminas having toothed edges relatively so placed that the teeth of said laminae project circumferentially beyond those of their adjacent laminas; means for magnetizing said cylinder and for inaintainingthe material undergoing separation in close proximity to the cylinder along a considerable segment thereof below its horizontal diameter and within the magnetic field, substantially as described.

21. lIn a magnetic separator, the combination oi" a transversely-laminated separatingcylinder provided with a plurality of magnetizable circular disks having toothed edges relatively so placed that the teeth of said disks project crcumferentially beyond those of their adjacent laminae, two opposing polepieces between which said cylinder is arranged to move, and a guide-plate connected with one oi' said pole-pieces, having an extension above the horizontal diameter of said cylinder, substantially as described. v A

22. In a magnetic separator, the combination of a transversely-.laminated separatingcylinder provided with a plurality of magnetizable circular disks having toothed edges relatively so placed that the teeth of said disks vproject circumferentially beyond those 'of their Vadjacent disks, two opposing pole-pieces between which said cylinder is arranged to move, and a guide-plate formed partly by one of said pole-pieces and partly by an upward extension added thereto, substantially as described.

23. In a magnetic separator, the combination of a transversely-laminated separatingcylinder provided with a plurality of magnetizable circular disks having toothed edges relatively so placed that the teeth of said disks project circumferentially beyond those of their adjacent disks, two opposing pole-pieces between which said cylinder is arranged to move, and a guide-plate connected with one IIO of said pole-pieces, having an extension above tween said rods and build up the body of the 10 the horizontal diameter of said cylinder, subarmature. stantially as described. In witness whereof I have hereunto signed 24. In amagnetie separator, atransverselymy name this 30th day of January, 1903. 5' laminated and segmentally-divided armature- 1 *i n r 1 cylinder comprising longitudinal rods sup- (JLARENLL Q' lAl Nh' ported upon end plates to constitute a squir- In presence of rel-cage frame, and segmental iron plates or ALFRED M. Gow,

laminae having their ends recessed to [it be- ALBERT R. LEDOUX.

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