US790007A - Means for use in erecting metal-concrete structures. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED MAY 16, 1905.

I J. SPELMAN. MEANS FOR USBIN ERBGTING METAL-CONCRETE STRUCTURES.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 8. 1904. I

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APPLICATION FILED AUG. 8. 1904.

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No. 790.007. I PATENTED MAYIB, 1905.

v J. SPELMAN. MEANS FOR USE IN EREOTIBIG METAL-CONCRETE STRUCTURES.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 8.1904.

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PATENTED MAY 16, 1905. J. SPELMAN. J MEANS FOR [[SE IN ERBGTINGMBTAL-OONGRETE s APPLICATION PIL ED AUG. 8, 1904.

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MEANS FOR USE IN EREGTING METAL-OONORETE STRUCTURES.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 8. 1904.

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J. SPELMAN. MEANS FOR USE INYEREGTINGYMETAL"CONCRETE STRUCTURES.

' APPLIOATION FILED AUG. 8, 1904.

- fi I x) Pd k UNITED STATES Patented May 16, 1905.

PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES SPELMAN, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO JOHN S. METCALF COMPANY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS.

MEANS FOR USE IN ERECT ING METAL-CONCRETE STRUCTURES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 790,007, dated May 16, 1905.

Application filed August 8, 1904:. Serial No. 219,930.

.1'0 016 whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that I, JAMES SPELMAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented a new and useful Means for Use in Erecting Metal Concrete Structures, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to an improvement in means for erecting the class of buildings the walls of which are composed of concrete molded in sections about vertical and horizontal bars to embed them for their reinforcing effect. The common practice observed in'erecting structures of the kind referred to is to lay the foundation and form upon it the walls in sections, employing for the purpose suitable outside and inside mold-sections, between which the concrete is molded about the preparatorily-placed metal reinforcing-bars, and when a section thus placed has been allowed is removed and the same or another mold is adjusted on the previously-finished section to receive another filling of concrete, requiring to be hardened by setting before the mold is removed to be readjusted for filling in another section. Thus forming the wall of the structure section after section incurs waste of time in waiting for each previous section to set and in the removal or readjustment, or both, of the mold, with the result of delay in the erection and attendant expense for labor.

The primary object of my improvement is to avoid this waste of time, with the advantages of expediting the work and greatly reducing the expense of erection, in enabling the work to be performed continuously by providing means for raising the mold as the work proceeds, either continuously or intermittently,-without removing and readjusting it, and therefore without requirement for its repeated disintegration and reintegration, and

novel means for the purpose are illustratedin the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is a vertical section taken at the line 1 on Fig. 5 and viewed in the direction ture undergoing construction in accordance leg of the scaffolding employed supported at its base on a jack-screw; and Fig. 3 shows the same with the jack-screw propped from underneath by blocks. Fig. & is a plan View regarded in the direction of the arrow from the line 4 on Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a section taken partly at the upper line 5 and partly at the lower line 5 on Fig. 1 and viewed in the direction of the arrows. Fig. 6 is a section taken at the line 6 on Fig. 1 and viewed in the direction of the arrow. Fig. 7 is a section of the wall undergoing erection, being like the representation in Fig. 1, but on a larger scale, the section being taken at the line 7 on Fig. 10 and viewed in-the direction of the arrow. Fig. 8 is a broken view in elevation regarded in the direction of the arrow from the line 8 on Fig. 7, showing the outer side of the structure. Fig. 9 isa similar view regarded in the direction of the arrow from the line 9 on Fig. 7, showing the inner side of the structure. Fig. 10 is a broken section of the structure, taken partly at the upper and partly at the lower line 10 on Fig. 7 and viewed in the direction of the arrows; and Fig. 11 is a broken perspective view showing a detail.

A is the outer mold-section, and B the inner mold-section, both of circular form for a cylindrical structure, though, as will be understood, their shape may be varied to accord with structures of cross-sectional shape other than cylindrical.

C is the scafi'olding employed inside the structure undergoing erection, which comprises a suitable foundation (not shown) and a wall D or walls rising therefrom, composed of concrete E, with vertical metal bars F placed at suitable intervals and crossed by horizontal circuitous bars Gr, placed at suitable intervals.

Where the mold-sections are formed mainly of wood, which is the preferred material,

their molding portions are composed of Z on the outer mold section and similar ribs 1) on the inner mold-section, conforming to the surfaces which are nailed to them and straight at their free edges, as shown, these upper and lower ribs on each mold-section being connected together by bolt rods 0. The two mold-sections are securely united together at intervals, of which sixteen are shown, by framework, each frame comprising two parallel vertical timbers (Z (Z on the outer mold-section, passing through the upper and lower ribs?) between strips 0 0, extending between the ribs,adjacent to which they are reinforced by angle-irons f, these timbers and strips being firmly secured together by bolts g passing transversely through them and the angle irons, two parallel vertical timbers d d on the inner mold-section passing coincident with the timbers (Z d through the upper and lower ribs Z between strips 0' e, extending between the ribs, adjacent to which they are reinforced by angle-irons f, these inner timbers and strips being firmly secured together by bolts passing transversely through them 'and the angle irons and a spacing-timber 72 with a supplemental spacing-timber h, (if needed,) extending upward from between the timbers (Z and d, to which they are securely fastened by bolts 7?. The timbers 7L (and it if used) determine the width of space between the mold-sections for the thickness of the wall D of the structure, and to take the strain off the bolts /L the timbers 0Z, d, h, and it are further joined by keys it inserted between them, as represented in Fig. 3.

The scaffolding C comprises an outer circumferential series of legs 2', corresponding in number with the number of frames connecting the mold-sections, each said leg consisting of two sets of timbers 2", each, say, about seven feet in length, bolted flatwise together, with those in one set overlapping those of the other in break-joint arrangement, an inner central series of four similar legs 76 forming the corners of a rectangle connected at intervals together by side bars k, forming the square, which is joined to the outer section of the scaffolding by radial strips 10 extending at vertical intervals between the legs z' and in, these radial strips being connected together from one to the other near their outer ends by strips 10 Fig. 5. The central rectangular section of the scaffolding C is further reinforced at its upper end and at other lower points by cross-beams 71*, Fig. 5. To the outer sides of the upper ends of each pair of timbersd of each mold-frame are fastened, by bolts Z, floor-beams Z, extending over and bolted near their inner ends to the top frame is of the central section of the scaffolding, and

' on these beams Z is bolted the flooring m to form the working floor on the structure.

From one to the other of the timbers It at their upper ends and bolted thereto are extended the strips a, which thus lie over the center of the space between the mold-sections, and they are provided with perforations 11, through which to admit the vertical metal bars F of the walls for assuring their vertical trueness. The scaffolding structure is further reinforced at its upper end by extending between diametrically opposite timbers b. the tie-rods 0, as represented in Fig. 4.

The members of each pair of the timbers (Z are faced on their outer surfaces throughout the greater portion of their length and width with metal plates 3), held in place by the bolts [b which fasten together the sets of timbers d d and it h. To each face-plate is riveted at its opposite ends a channel-iron bar 7), bent to an angle, as shown, to form a clamping-brace, with the knee portion 12 nearer the upper than the lower end, the brace being adjustably fastened at its knee by a bolt passing through the latter, the respective plate 7), and the timbers (Z, /t, it, and (Z, beyond which last-named timber the bolt carries on its protruding end a nut 7)". By properly turning these nuts on different braces they may be adjusted by drawing them inward toward their lower ends to true the outside mold-section to its required vertical position toward its lower end wherever it may need such truing in the event of springing in the process of erection of the structure as hereinafter described.

In erecting a metal-concrete structure with the use of the mold carried by the inside, outer, and central scaffolding G the mold is raised as the molding work progresses by raising the scaffolding with powerapplied underneath it, preferably through the medium of jack-screws H,of usual or suitable construction, this operation being performed as follows: To start the erection of a wall D upon a preparatorily-formed foundation, the mold, with the initially-constructed portion of the scaffolding C, being that portion of the scaffolding illustrated which is within the con-- fines of the mold, with the framework extending above the latter, is placedin position upon the foundation. J ack-screws H are placed to rest at their bases upon the foundation, one underneath each beam Z near the junction thereof with the inner mold-section. 1f the height of the mold is greater than the length of the jack employed, as it usually is, blocks may be placed underneath each jack to cause it to bear at its upper end against its respective beam Z. With the vertical metal bars placed at proper intervals between the moldsections and supported in position by passing through the guide-holes in the strips 11 concrete E is filled into the mold to begin the wall D, and at proper intervals the circuitous metal bars G are placed (saythree feet apart) to intersect the vertical bars and are embedded in the concrete filling. As thewallgrows connected with it.

filling concrete into the mold-space and meantime raising the mold by turning the jackscrews the height to which the mold is raised enables strips i in predetermined length say of seven feet, more or less-to form sections of the scaffolding-legs and into be bolted thereto to extend at their lower ends short offthe foundation-surface sufficiently to admit the jack-screws underneath them, the first of these extension-sections of the scaffolding-legs are thus applied. The application of these first leg-extension strips z" is made to the timbers or beams d of the inner mold-section B in the manner indicated in Fig. 11 by bolting between two strips 11 of unequal length a metal plate z? to protrude beyond the coincident upper ends of the strips, with the protruding portion embraced be tween washers i forming a tongue which enters between the lower ends of the timbers d through coincident bolt-holes, in which and the tongue bolts 5* are passed to fasten the leg-section formed of the respective strips 4." in place. (removing for the'resetting purpose only a few at a time, so as to leave the others in place.

for stably supporting the mold and scaffolding structure) underneath the legs of the scaffolding as required, and as the work of concrete-filling into the mold about the metal reinforcing-bars progresses the jack-screws are turned to further raise the mold. When a jack-screw becomes extended to its full capacity under a scafiolding-leg, (say to the height of eighteen inches,) it is raisedfrom time to time, as by placing blocks q underneath it, as indicated in Fig. 3, or it may be caused otherwise to continue to perform its raising function until its base becomes elevated above the surface of the foundation sufficiently to admit the jack-screw under-, neath another length of leg-section 4 when a strip for such a leg-section is added to the respective scafiolding-leg in break-joint relation to the strip precedingly so added. The work of thus raising the scaffolding, and with. it the mold, by turning the jack-screws may be performed in the erection of a large-sized structure by, say, two laborers during the day, while the filling with concrete is in prog-.

ress, and by one laborer during the night, while the filling-work is suspended, these laborers attending to the matters of blocking or otherwise adjusting the jack-screws, adding sections to the scaffolding-legs, and resetting the jack-screws as these operations require performance. The mold raising operation continues until the desired height of the metalconcrete structure is attained, when it is dismantled of the mold and scaffolding. The mold-raising operation may be performed intermittently or continuously while the mold I is being filled with concrete, and though jackscrews placed underneath the scaffolding and worked by hand-labor have proved perfectly Thejack-screws are set satisfactory means for the purpose it is feasi ble to employ other power for turning the jack-screws and means other than jack-screws operated by power other than hand labor continuously or intermittently for raising the mold, so that I do not limit my improvement to any particular means for raising the mold by power applied underneath or elsewhere to the scaffolding. Moreover, the construction of the mold, that of the framework and of the scaffolding, and of other parts may be varied in matters of detail without departing from the spirit of my invention. It will readily be seen that by thus raising the mold as the erection of the structure progresses interruption for dismantling and readjusting molds with incidental delays due to waiting for the concrete to set are avoided and the progress of erection rendered continuous, with the advantage of very great saving in time andexpense. Another advantage due to the progressive raising of the'mold is that of the effect of the mold in slipping upon the inner and outer concrete surfaces of the structure of smoothing those surfaces, whereby when the structure is completed it presents a uniformly-smooth surface throughout.

What I regard as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. Means for use in erecting thewall of a structure of the character described, comprising, in combination, a mold for receiving the filling of concrete, scaffolding inside the strucing and with it said mold along the'surfaces of the filling of concrete, substantially as set forth. 7

3. Means for use in erecting the wall of a structure of the character described, comprising, in combination, a mold. formed of connected outer and inner sections, for receiving the filling of concrete, provided at intervals about it with upwardly-extending frames spacing apart the outer and inner mold-sections, scaffolding inside the structure, carrying said mold, and'mechanism under the scaffolding for raising the scaffolding and with it said mold along the surfaces of its filling of concrete, substantially as 'set forth.

4t. Means for use in erecting the wall of a structure of the character described, comprising in combination, a mold, formed of connected outer and inner sections, for receiving the filling of concrete, provldedat intervals about it with upwardly extending frames spacing apart the outer and inner mold-sections and with adjustable clamping-braces on the outer mold-section, scaffolding inside the structure, carrying said mold, and mechanism for raising the scaffolding and with it said mold along the surfaces of its filling of concrete, substantially as set forth.

5. Means for use in erecting the wall of a structure of the character described, comprising, in combination, a mold, formed of outer and inner sections, for receiving the filling of concrete, provided at intervals about it with upwardly-extending frames each composed of upright timbers on the outer mold-section, similar timbers on the inner mold-section and a spacing-timber rising from between said upright timbers, scaffolding inside the structure carrying said mold, and mechanism under the scaffolding for raising the scaffolding and with it said mold along the surfaces of its filling of concrete, substantially as set forth.

6. Means for use in erecting the wall of a structure of the character described, comprising, in combination, a mold, formed of outer and inner sections, for receiving the filling of concrete, provided at intervals about it with upwardly-extending frames each composed of upright timbers on the outer mold-section, similar timbers on the inner mold-section and a spacing-timber rising from between said upright timbers, perforated guide-strips for the vertical metal bars employed in the structure, said strips connecting said spacing-timbers at their upper ends from one to the other about the series thereof, scaffolding inside the structure, carrying said mold, and mechanism for raising the scaffolding and with it said mold along the surfaces of its filling of concrete, substantially as set forth.

7. Means for use in erecting the wall of a structure of the character described, comprising, in combination, a mold for receiving the filling of concrete provided at intervals about it with upwardly-extending frames spacing apart the outer and inner mold-sections composing the mold, clamping-braces upon the outer mold-section at said frames, said braces being formed of metal bars bent to form intermediate knee portions and fastened at their upper and lower ends to the frame-timbers with bolts passing through said knee portions and transversely through the frame-timbers and carrying nuts on their protruding ends for adjusting said bars, scaffolding inside the structure, carrying said mold, and mechanism under the scaffolding for raising it and with it said mold along the surfaces of its filling of concrete, substantially as set forth.

8. Means for use in erecting the wall of a structure of the character described, comprising, in combination, a mold for receiving the filling of concrete, scaffolding inside the structure, carrying said mold, and jack-screws under the scaffolding for raising it and with it said mold along the surfaces of its filling of concrete, substantially as set forth.

9. Means for use in erecting the wall of a structure of the character described comprising, in combination, a mold for receiving the filling of concrete, scaffolding inside the structure, carrying said mold, said scaffolding consisting of an outer section and an inner central section connected therewith, and jackscrews under and engaging the scaffolding for raising it and with it said mold along the surfaces of its filling of concrete, substantially as set forth.

10. Means for use in erecting the wall of a structure of the character described, comprising, in combination, a mold, formed of outer and inner sections, for receiving the filling of concrete, provided at intervals about it with upwardly-extending frames spacing apart and connecting said mold-sections, scaffolding inside the structure, carrying said mold, said scaffolding consisting of an outer section and an inner central section connected therewith, tie-rods connectingdiametricallyopposite said frames above the mold, and jack-screws engaging the scaffolding for raising it and with it said mold along the surfaces of its filling of concrete, substantially as set forth.

11. Means for use in erecting the wall of: a structure of the character described, comprising, in combination, a mold, formed of outer and inner sections, for receiving the filling of concrete, with upwardly extending frames spacing apart and connecting said mold-sections, scaffolding inside the structure, consisting of an outer section connected with said frames and an inner central section connected with said outer section, and jack-screws on which the legs of the scaffolding stand, for raising said scaffolding and with it said mold along the surfaces of its filling of concrete, substantially as set forth.

12. Means for use in erecting the wall of a structure of the character described, com prising, in combination, a mold, formed of outer and inner sections, for receiving the filling of concrete, with upwardly extending frames spacing apart and connecting said mold-sections, scaffolding inside the structure connected with said frames and having legs formed of strips secured flatwise together in breakjoint relation, and jack-screws on which said legs stand, for raising the scaffolding and with it said mold along the surfaces of its filling of concrete, substantially as set forth.

13. Means for use in erecting the wall of a structure of the character described, comprising, in combination, a'mold, formed of outer and inner sections, for receiving the filling of concrete, with upwardly extending frames spacing apart and connecting said mold-scetions, scaffolding inside the structure, consisting of an outer section connected with said mold and an inner central section connected with said outer section, floor-beams extending between said frames and the upper part of said central scalfolding-section'with flooring secured upon said beams, and jack-screws, upon which the legs of the scaffolding stand, for raising said scaffolding and with it said mold along the surfaces of its filling of concrete, substantially as set forth.

14. Means for-use in erecting the Wall of a structure of the character described, comprising, in combination, a mold, formed of outer and inner sections, for receiving the filling of concrete, upwardly extending frames provided at intervals about the mold, each frame being composed of upright timbers on the outer mold-section, similar timbers on the inner mold-section, and a spacing-timber rising from between said upright timbers, perforated strips connecting said spacing-timbers from J AMES SPELMAN.

In presence of' L. HEIsLAR, WALTER N. WINBERG

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