US789316A - Furnace. - Google Patents

Furnace. Download PDF

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US789316A
US789316A US20824904A US1904208249A US789316A US 789316 A US789316 A US 789316A US 20824904 A US20824904 A US 20824904A US 1904208249 A US1904208249 A US 1904208249A US 789316 A US789316 A US 789316A
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furnace
chamber
boxes
flame
hearth
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Russell C Bloomfield
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27BFURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/14Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
    • F27B9/16Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a circular or arcuate path

Definitions

  • ',lhis invention relates to furnaces, and more particularly to furnaces of the type employed in carbonizing and decarbonizing iron and steel.
  • the invention has for its principal object the provision of a furnace of the type specified in which the maximum heating effect may be obtained from the fuel used, uniformity be secured in the distribution ofthe heat, and a general improvement produced in the character of the results of the operation of the furnace.
  • the carbonizing and deearbonizing of iron and steel is usually effected by placing' the metal to be treated in a box of suitable size together with a compound of suitable character to effect carbonization or decarbonization, then subjecting the box so filled to the action of heat in a furnace for a sufficient length of time to bring about the desired chemical action.
  • '.lhe boxes employed in this process vary in leng'th according to the length of the pieces of metal to be treated, and in some instances it is necessary to employ boxes of ten feet or more in length.
  • the furnaces ordinarily employed in carrying out the process outlined are circular in form, with the grates arranged at one side thereof and a chimney or smokestack at the opposite side, the hearth or iioor of the furnace being' retatably supported and provided with means for impe 'ting rotation thereto in order to bring each box successively into the portion of the furnace in which the maximum heat is pro **d.
  • the design of the furnace has been changed in a radical manner to effect the uniform distribution of heat within the flame-chamber of the furnace in order that the boxes may not be subjected at any step of the process to extremely high temperatures and in order to avoid the injurious effects upon the furnace of extreme heat in one part with less heat in another.
  • the furnace has also been designed with a view to the elimination of unnecessary space in the flame-chamber and the consequent waste of heat.
  • Figure 1 is a view in hori zontal section, taken on the line l l, Fig. 2, and looking' in the direction of the arrow thereon.
  • Fig. 2 is a vertical diamctral section through the furnace.
  • Fig. 3 is a detail view showing the mechanism by which the movement of the traveling hearth is produced and the meehanism by which the hearth is guided in its movements.
  • l designates the outer wall of the furnace, which is constructed of brick, the inner. face thereof being covered with fire-brick, as shown.
  • the wall l forms the circumference of a circle of suitable diameter, the size which is most generally used being thirty feet in diameter, inside measure ment.
  • the wall l is provided with rectangular openings 2, having plates or slabs 3 of fire-brick disposed therein at oblique angles to the outer surface of the wall.
  • J ust external to each of the openings 2 is ar ranged a fire-box 4;, provided with a grate 5, extending longitudinally of the fire-box and in contact with the outer surface of the furnace-wall, as bestseen in Fig. f.
  • the fire-boxes and grates illustrated are of suitable proportions 'for the use of oil as a fuel; but if it is IOO preferred to use coal or other fuel instead of oilthe proportions of the fire-boxes and grates should be altered to some extent.
  • two doors 6 and 7, respectively In the portion of the wall unprovidei'l with openings 2 there are arranged two doors 6 and 7, respectively.
  • the larger door 6 is provided for the introduction of the boxes into the furnace, and the smaller door 7 is provided to facilitate the adjustment of the boxes upon the hearth.
  • an inner wall 10 Concentric with the outer wall 1 of the furnace is an inner wall 10, which is also faced with fire-brick, as shown, and which surrounds a cent-ral body 11 of ordinary brick, through which extend radially-arranged fiues 12, converging to a smoke-stack 13 at the center of the furnace, which is provided at the top with a pivoted damper of ordinary form.
  • the annular' space between the outer and inner furnace-walls constitutes the flame-chamber, and this is covered with an arched roof of fire-brick 14.
  • the flues 12 have their outer ends substantially on a level with the lower portions of the openings 2 in the outer furnace-wall, and their inner ends are at a slightly higher level, thus giving aslight upward slope toward the smoke-stack.
  • the arrangement of the outer ends of the flues 12 at the level of the lower portions ofthe openings 2 is designed to obtain the maximum effeet of the flame which enters the furnace through the passages between the slabs 3 of fire-brick.
  • the hearth which consists of a mass' of fire-brick 15. has its upper surface just below the outer ends of the flues 12, so that each box, as shown at 16, may lie directly between the openings 2 in the outer wall and the fines 12 in the inner wall of the furnace.
  • the height of the flame-chamber of the furnace is comparatively small, and the flame entering the furnace from the fire-box around the outer wall must necessarily strike against the box mounted on the hearth and also be deflected down upon the box'from the arched roof over the flame-chamber.
  • the hearth 15 is of course arranged for movement in the furnace in order to bring each portion of the hearth adjacent to the larger door of the furnace and also to permit the boxes on the hearth to be moved steadily through the flame-chamber of the furnace during the process of heating, as it is practically impossible to obtain even in a furnace of the improved type absolutely uniform distribution of heat within the flame-chamber.
  • the preferred form of mechanism provided for imparting movement to the hearth and guiding it in such movement is illustrated in F ig. 3.
  • the hearth 15 is provided on its lower surface with T-rails 17 and 18, arranged near the outer and inn er margins of the hearth, respectively, the rails 18 being of greater height than the rails 17 for reasons which will presently appear.
  • the rails 17 and 18 rest upon trucks consisting of an axle 19 and wheels 2O and 21, provided with flanges, as usual, and rigidly attached to the axle 19 at the outer and inner ends thereof, respectively.
  • the wheel 21 of each truck is smaller than the wheel 2O to correspond to the difference in height of the rails 17 and 18 and to a similar difference in height between rails 22 and 23, upon which the trucks are supported.
  • the heights of the rails 17 and 18 and rails 22 and 23 are similarly related to the diameters of the wheels disposed between them, and the diameters of the wheels 20 and 21 are directly proportional to their distances from the center of the furnace.
  • the rails 22 and 23 are supported upon radially-arranged iron ties24, supported some distance above the ground in order to provide a pit for the reception of trash of any character which may be introduced into the furnace.
  • the proportions of the rails and wheels as described above are of suitable character to keep the trucks in substantially radial position at all times; but to prevent any slight inaccuracy in proportions from resultingI in an ultimate derangement of the trucks I provide chains 25 to connect the trucks and keep them at uniform distances apart.
  • I provide positivelyoperating spacing devices consisting, preferably, of a horizontally-disposed rail 26, rigidly attached to the web of the rail 18, an oppositelyarranged rail 27, mounted in a channel 28 in the inner furnacewall, and a plurality of horizontally-arranged flanged rollers 29, which travel between the rails 26 and 27, as shown in Fig. 3.
  • The, flanges upon the rollers 29 rest upon the upper surfaces of the rails 26 and 27, and so prevent the displacement of the rollers from their position between the rails.
  • a chain 30 is used to connect the rollers to hold them at uniform distances apart.
  • the mechanism for imparting movement to the hearth consists, preferably, of a rack 31, rigidly attached to the under surface of the hearth, external to the rail 17, and pinions 32, mounted upon shafts 33, journaled in the outer furnace-wall at dimetrically opposite points and driven by any suitable devices.
  • each of the shafts 33 is provided upon its outer end with a sprocket-wheel 34, of suitable diameter, to
  • the operation of the furnace will be readily understood from an inspection of the drawings in the light of the foregoing description.
  • the boxes containing the metal to be carbonized or decarbonized are introduced through the larger door of the furnace, the hearth being advanced a sufficient distance after the introduction of each box to permit the insertion of the next, and the boxes are adjusted in position after insertion by implements introduced through the door provided for that purpose.
  • the boxes having been properlyT disposed upon the hearth of the furnace, the fires in the fire-boxes impart heat to the boxes as the hearth is caused to travel slowly around in the annular flame-chamber.
  • the direct action of the flames upon the boxes is mitigated by the obliquely-disposed deflector-plates 3 of fire-brick arranged in the openings 2 in the These obliquely-disposed plates cause the flames to enter the flamechamber at oblique angles to the periphery thereof, and so set up currents following the curve of the name-chamber instead of going directly across it and into the flues leading to the smoke-stack.
  • This edect of the deliectorplates is advantageous 1n diminishing the effect of the llame upon the outer sides of the boxes, which are most directly exposed thereto, and in also effecting a more uniform distribution of the heat through the flame-chamber, so that in the event of the heat from certain of the fire-boxes being greater than that from others the temperature in the flame-chamber will be in a measure equalized by means of the currents following the curve thereof.
  • central smoke-stach with fines converging thereto from all parts of the furnace renders possible the provision of fire-boxes around the greater portion of the circumference of the furnace, and so permits the introduction of heat at a large number of points.
  • the products of the improved type of furnace above described are characterized by greater uniformity than those of furnaces of the ordinary type, as would naturally be supposed, and the boxes employed to hold the metal plates or bars to be carbonized last a much greater length of time in the improved furnace, because they are not subjected at any time to excessive temperatures, and the scaling of the outer surface on account of the excessive heat is greatly lessened.
  • a furnace of the character specified having an annular flame-chamber, a central smokestack, a plurality of flues connecting said chamber and stach, a plurality of grates external to said flame-chamber but communicating therewith, and a plurality of deflector-plates disposed between each of said fire-boxes and said flame-chamber to deflect the llames entering into said chamber.
  • a furnace of the character specified having an annular llame-chamber,a central smokestacli and a plurality of lines connecting said chamber and stack, a plurality of fire-boxes external to the furnace-wall, but communieating with the flame-chamber, and a plurality of deflector-plates arranged in said wall between said flame-chamber and the fire-boxes to deflect the flames entering said flame-chamber.
  • a furnace of circular contour having an annular flame-chamber therein, and a plurality of fire-boxes external to the furnace-wall, said furnace-wall having a plurality of slots extending' obliquely through the wall adjacent to each fire-box.
  • a furnace of the character specified having an annular flame-chamber, an annular hearth disposed in said Haine-chamber, supporting-rails beneath said hearth, trucks provided on said supportingrails and havingl wheels whose diameters are proportional to their distances from the center of the furnace, and rails attached to the under surface of said hearth and resting on said trucks.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)

Description

No. 799,316. PATENTED MAY 9, 1905. R. G. BLOOMPIELD.
PURNAGE.
APPLICATION FILED MAY 16,1904.
2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.
No. 789,316. PATENTED MAY 9, 1905. R. G. BLOOMFIELD.
FURNAGB.
APPLICATION FILED MAY 16,1904.
2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.
Patented May 9, 1905.
FUHNCE..
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 789,316, dated May 9, 1905.
` Application fllel May 16, 1904. Serial No. 208,249.
To /tZZ 11171/0771/ 'it 71mg/ con/cern:
Be it known that I, ltUss ELL C. BLooMrInLD, a citizen of the United States, residing at Boele ford, in the county of Winnebago and State of Illinois, have invented a new and useful Furnace, of which the following is a specilication.
',lhis invention relates to furnaces, and more particularly to furnaces of the type employed in carbonizing and decarbonizing iron and steel.
The invention has for its principal object the provision of a furnace of the type specified in which the maximum heating effect may be obtained from the fuel used, uniformity be secured in the distribution ofthe heat, and a general improvement produced in the character of the results of the operation of the furnace.
As is well known, the carbonizing and deearbonizing of iron and steel is usually effected by placing' the metal to be treated in a box of suitable size together with a compound of suitable character to effect carbonization or decarbonization, then subjecting the box so filled to the action of heat in a furnace for a sufficient length of time to bring about the desired chemical action. '.lhe boxes employed in this process vary in leng'th according to the length of the pieces of metal to be treated, and in some instances it is necessary to employ boxes of ten feet or more in length. The furnaces ordinarily employed in carrying out the process outlined are circular in form, with the grates arranged at one side thereof and a chimney or smokestack at the opposite side, the hearth or iioor of the furnace being' retatably supported and provided with means for impe 'ting rotation thereto in order to bring each box successively into the portion of the furnace in which the maximum heat is pro duced. By means of a furnace of this character it is possible to produce tolerably satisfactory results in carbouizing or decarbonizing iron and steel; but the fuel employed is not economically used, and the furnaces and boxes are subjected to unnecessarily high temperatures, with deleterious results to both.
In the invention forming the subject of the present application the design of the furnace has been changed in a radical manner to effect the uniform distribution of heat within the flame-chamber of the furnace in order that the boxes may not be subjected at any step of the process to extremely high temperatures and in order to avoid the injurious effects upon the furnace of extreme heat in one part with less heat in another. The furnace has also been designed with a view to the elimination of unnecessary space in the flame-chamber and the consequent waste of heat.
In describing the invention reference will be had to the accompanying drawingsin which l have illustrated a preferred form of embodiment of the invention, it being' understood that ghanges in the details of construction may be resorted to without departing from the spirit of the invention as defined in the appended claims or sacrificing any of the ad- Vantages thereof.
'ln thedrawings, Figure 1 is a view in hori zontal section, taken on the line l l, Fig. 2, and looking' in the direction of the arrow thereon. Fig. 2 is a vertical diamctral section through the furnace. Fig. 3 is a detail view showing the mechanism by which the movement of the traveling hearth is produced and the meehanism by which the hearth is guided in its movements.
Referring to the drawings, in which correspondingparts are designated by similar characters of reference, l designates the outer wall of the furnace, which is constructed of brick, the inner. face thereof being covered with lire-brick, as shown. The wall l forms the circumference of a circle of suitable diameter, the size which is most generally used being thirty feet in diameter, inside measure ment. At intervals throughout the greater portion of its extent the wall lis provided with rectangular openings 2, having plates or slabs 3 of fire-brick disposed therein at oblique angles to the outer surface of the wall. J ust external to each of the openings 2 is ar ranged a fire-box 4;, provided with a grate 5, extending longitudinally of the fire-box and in contact with the outer surface of the furnace-wall, as bestseen in Fig. f. The fire-boxes and grates illustrated are of suitable proportions 'for the use of oil as a fuel; but if it is IOO preferred to use coal or other fuel instead of oilthe proportions of the fire-boxes and grates should be altered to some extent. In the portion of the wall unprovidei'l with openings 2 there are arranged two doors 6 and 7, respectively. The larger door 6 is provided for the introduction of the boxes into the furnace, and the smaller door 7 is provided to facilitate the adjustment of the boxes upon the hearth.
Concentric with the outer wall 1 of the furnace is an inner wall 10, which is also faced with fire-brick, as shown, and which surrounds a cent-ral body 11 of ordinary brick, through which extend radially-arranged fiues 12, converging to a smoke-stack 13 at the center of the furnace, which is provided at the top with a pivoted damper of ordinary form. The annular' space between the outer and inner furnace-walls constitutes the flame-chamber, and this is covered with an arched roof of lire-brick 14.
As will be seen in Fig. 2, the flues 12 have their outer ends substantially on a level with the lower portions of the openings 2 in the outer furnace-wall, and their inner ends are at a slightly higher level, thus giving aslight upward slope toward the smoke-stack. The arrangement of the outer ends of the flues 12 at the level of the lower portions ofthe openings 2 is designed to obtain the maximum effeet of the flame which enters the furnace through the passages between the slabs 3 of fire-brick. The hearth, which consists of a mass' of fire-brick 15. has its upper surface just below the outer ends of the flues 12, so that each box, as shown at 16, may lie directly between the openings 2 in the outer wall and the fines 12 in the inner wall of the furnace. As best seen in Fig. 2, the height of the flame-chamber of the furnace is comparatively small, and the flame entering the furnace from the fire-box around the outer wall must necessarily strike against the box mounted on the hearth and also be deflected down upon the box'from the arched roof over the flame-chamber.
The hearth 15 is of course arranged for movement in the furnace in order to bring each portion of the hearth adjacent to the larger door of the furnace and also to permit the boxes on the hearth to be moved steadily through the flame-chamber of the furnace during the process of heating, as it is practically impossible to obtain even in a furnace of the improved type absolutely uniform distribution of heat within the flame-chamber. The preferred form of mechanism provided for imparting movement to the hearth and guiding it in such movement is illustrated in F ig. 3. Upon reference to that figure it will be seen that the hearth 15 is provided on its lower surface with T-rails 17 and 18, arranged near the outer and inn er margins of the hearth, respectively, the rails 18 being of greater height than the rails 17 for reasons which will presently appear. The rails 17 and 18 rest upon trucks consisting of an axle 19 and wheels 2O and 21, provided with flanges, as usual, and rigidly attached to the axle 19 at the outer and inner ends thereof, respectively. The wheel 21 of each truck is smaller than the wheel 2O to correspond to the difference in height of the rails 17 and 18 and to a similar difference in height between rails 22 and 23, upon which the trucks are supported. The heights of the rails 17 and 18 and rails 22 and 23 are similarly related to the diameters of the wheels disposed between them, and the diameters of the wheels 20 and 21 are directly proportional to their distances from the center of the furnace. This relation in the size of the wheels and the heights of the rails is of course adopted in order to insure the proper position of the trucks at all times and to prevent excessive friction in the operation of the hearth. The rails 22 and 23 are supported upon radially-arranged iron ties24, supported some distance above the ground in order to provide a pit for the reception of trash of any character which may be introduced into the furnace. The proportions of the rails and wheels as described above are of suitable character to keep the trucks in substantially radial position at all times; but to prevent any slight inaccuracy in proportions from resultingI in an ultimate derangement of the trucks I provide chains 25 to connect the trucks and keep them at uniform distances apart.
In order to keep the inner margin of the hearth suitably spaced from the inner wall of the furnace and to prevent wear upon the flanges of the wheels 2O and 21, I provide positivelyoperating spacing devices, consisting, preferably, of a horizontally-disposed rail 26, rigidly attached to the web of the rail 18, an oppositelyarranged rail 27, mounted in a channel 28 in the inner furnacewall, and a plurality of horizontally-arranged flanged rollers 29, which travel between the rails 26 and 27, as shown in Fig. 3. The, flanges upon the rollers 29 rest upon the upper surfaces of the rails 26 and 27, and so prevent the displacement of the rollers from their position between the rails. To prevent unequal distribution of the rollers by reason of any slight differences in their diameters, a chain 30 is used to connect the rollers to hold them at uniform distances apart.
The mechanism for imparting movement to the hearth consists, preferably, of a rack 31, rigidly attached to the under surface of the hearth, external to the rail 17, and pinions 32, mounted upon shafts 33, journaled in the outer furnace-wall at dimetrically opposite points and driven by any suitable devices. In the form of the invention illustrated each of the shafts 33 is provided upon its outer end with a sprocket-wheel 34, of suitable diameter, to
IOO
outer furnace-wall.
rsasie which power is applied by means of chains 55, running over the sprocket-wheels and connecting the sprocket-wheels with a motor. (Not shown.
The operation of the furnace will be readily understood from an inspection of the drawings in the light of the foregoing description. The boxes containing the metal to be carbonized or decarbonized are introduced through the larger door of the furnace, the hearth being advanced a sufficient distance after the introduction of each box to permit the insertion of the next, and the boxes are adjusted in position after insertion by implements introduced through the door provided for that purpose. The boxes having been properlyT disposed upon the hearth of the furnace, the lires in the lire-boxes impart heat to the boxes as the hearth is caused to travel slowly around in the annular flame-chamber. The direct action of the flames upon the boxes is mitigated by the obliquely-disposed deflector-plates 3 of lire-brick arranged in the openings 2 in the These obliquely-disposed plates cause the flames to enter the flamechamber at oblique angles to the periphery thereof, and so set up currents following the curve of the name-chamber instead of going directly across it and into the flues leading to the smoke-stack. This edect of the deliectorplates is advantageous 1n diminishing the effect of the llame upon the outer sides of the boxes, which are most directly exposed thereto, and in also effecting a more uniform distribution of the heat through the flame-chamber, so that in the event of the heat from certain of the fire-boxes being greater than that from others the temperature in the flame-chamber will be in a measure equalized by means of the currents following the curve thereof. The close proximity of the arched roof of the flamechamber to the tops of the boxes insures the contact of the liames with the tops of the boxes, and the disposition of the ends of the flues 12 just above the upper surface of the traveling hearth necessitates the downward passage of the flames along the inner wall of the flame-chamber before they enter the flues and pass to the smoke-stack. rlhe slight upward inclination of the flues 12 is effective in preventing any back draft from the smokestacl( and insuring the establishment of sulficient draft in all parts of the furnace.
From the foregoing explanation of the operation of the furnace it will be clearly evident that the waste of heat inevitable in a furnace having a circular flame-chamber is almost entirely obviated by the provision of an annular flame-chamber in lieu thereof and at the same time the possibility of producing a tolerably uniform temperature within the The provision of a flame-chamber results.
ll d
central smoke-stach with fines converging thereto from all parts of the furnace renders possible the provision of lire-boxes around the greater portion of the circumference of the furnace, and so permits the introduction of heat at a large number of points.
The products of the improved type of furnace above described are characterized by greater uniformity than those of furnaces of the ordinary type, as would naturally be supposed, and the boxes employed to hold the metal plates or bars to be carbonized last a much greater length of time in the improved furnace, because they are not subjected at any time to excessive temperatures, and the scaling of the outer surface on account of the excessive heat is greatly lessened.
Having thus described the invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is#
1. A furnace of the character specified having an annular flame-chamber,a central smokestack,a plurality of flues connecting said chamber and stach, a plurality of grates external to said flame-chamber but communicating therewith, and a plurality of deflector-plates disposed between each of said lire-boxes and said flame-chamber to deflect the llames entering into said chamber.
2. A furnace of the character specified having an annular llame-chamber,a central smokestacli and a plurality of lines connecting said chamber and stack, a plurality of lire-boxes external to the furnace-wall, but communieating with the flame-chamber, and a plurality of deflector-plates arranged in said wall between said flame-chamber and the lire-boxes to deflect the flames entering said flame-chamber.
, 3. A furnace of circular contour having an annular flame-chamber therein, and a plurality of fire-boxes external to the furnace-wall, said furnace-wall having a plurality of slots extending' obliquely through the wall adjacent to each lire-box.
Lf. A furnace of the character specified having an annular flame-chamber, an annular hearth disposed in said Haine-chamber, supporting-rails beneath said hearth, trucks provided on said supportingrails and havingl wheels whose diameters are proportional to their distances from the center of the furnace, and rails attached to the under surface of said hearth and resting on said trucks.
In testimony that i claim the foregoing as my own ,l have hereto affixed my signature in the presence of two witnesses.
RUSSELL C. BLOOMFIELD.
Nitnessesz Guo. Laumer, JOHN Giurrrrns.
IOO
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