US787231A - Steam-turbine. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED APR. ll, 1905.

J. STUMPF.

STEAM TURBINB.

APPLICATION FILED PEB. 24, 1903. RBNEWED SEPT. a, 1904.

Patented April 11, 1905.

JOHANN S'lIINIPF, OF CHARLOT'IENBURG, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO (iEU- IGRAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

STEAlVl-TURSINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part o1l Letters Patent No. 787,231, dated April 11, 1905.

Application ileil February 24,1903. Renewed September 9. 1904. Serial No. 223.861.

Be it l nown that l,Joii.\.\'N S'rmiri',asubject ot' the King' ot' Prussia, (ierman Emperor, and a residentot 2h Rankestrasse, Oharlottenburg', near Berlin, hing'dom ot' Prussia, (ierman Empire, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam or (Vias Turbines, otI which the following' is an exact speciiication.

My invention relates to improvements in steam or gas turbines, and has tor purpost` to avoid the deleterious eti'ect ot the reactionai'y torce produced bythe stcanioi'compressed gas when leaving' the nozzles, which reactionary torce tends to move the nozzle-riiii or the casing' in which the nozzle-rim is lixed in a direction opposite to the direction in which the turbine-wheel revolves.

Steamturbines have been already constructed in which the steam acts upon two tui'- hine-wheels which i'otate in opposite directions. In these constructions the steam leaving' the lirst turbine-wheel enters the second wheel. The lirst wheel is usually called the primary turbine-wheel and the second wheel the Lsecondarym turbine-wheel. These turbines have the advantage that by the tui'- bino-wheels moving' in opposite directions a reduction ot' the number ot' revolutions ot' the turbine can be obtained. They have, however, the disadvantage that the driving' power acting' upoii the sing'le turbine-wheels is a very ditIerent one.

In ordinary turbines-providcd with one tui'- bii'ie-wheel a reactionary torce is produced in the nozzles as soon as the steam flows out, which reactii'inary torce must be taken up or absorbed by the turbine-casing'. rIhis i'cactionary torce is naturally thc same in such turbines, in which several turbine-wheels are arranged which rotate either in the same or in the opposite direction and in which the steam leaving one turbine-wheel iows into those following'. This reactionary force tends to rotate the turbine-casing around the shaft ot' the turbine in the direction opposite that in which the turbine-wheel rotates. This rotary movement ot' the turbine-casing' is avoided according to the present invention by ai'- rang'ing' two rows ot nozzles, one row acting' upon a turbine-wheel rotating' in one direction and the other row acting' upon a turbinewheel rotating' in the other direction. By this means reactionary t'orees ai'e produced in both directions which compensate each other. It', tor instance, an ordinary steam-turbine into which the steam enters only from one side (in which turbine one or several wheels may be provided) is arranged in a submarine boat ot' the ordinary cig'ar shape, the reactionary torce will tend to rotate the boat in a direction opposite that in which the turbine-wlicel rotates. This will be the case pai'- ticularly it the axle ot' the turbine coincides with the long'itudiiial axis otl thel boat. Furthermore, it is also tor stationary turbines a g'rcat disadvantage that in case two turbinewheels rotating' in thc opposite direction are provided these turbine-wheels do not develop thc same powci' it the steam acts only in one direction. For instance, t'or driving' a dynamo-machine it is very import-ant that both turbine-wheels develop the same powei', as it is hereby possible to use the same model and size otl dynamo-machines on both sides, so that both machines can becouplcd in parallel. B v the present invention thel cti'ect ot' both tui'- bine-wlieels is rendered exactly the same, and the reactionary t'orccs have consequently no eiiect at all. For this purpose the two turbine-wheels ai'e arranged in such a way that the Iirst turbinewheel forms the primary wheel t'or the second one and the second tui'- bine-wlieel forms thc primary wheel lor the iirst one.

.In order to malte my invention more clear, I ret'er to the accompanying' drawing', which represents a diagram of pai't of the turbinewheels.

r[he tui'biIie-wlieel I rotates in the direction ot the arrow .r and the turbine-wheel II rotates in the direction ot' the arrow y. The turbine-wheel I is imping'cd upon by lluid from a number o'l nozzles fl, while t'or the wheel II a number ot' nozzles ai'e provided, which ai'e mounted so as to point in the opposite direction. The nozzles are naturally arranged with respect to one another, so that a nozzle on the lett-hand side alternates with a nozzle on the right-hand side. of the steam will be immediately clear, as will be seen from the drawing, and it will be evident that in this construction both turbine-wheels have the same effect. It is especially important that the shafts of both turbine-wheelshave the same number of revolutions, so that in case the turbine is used for actuating screw-propellers for ships a lateral pressure is entirely avoided if both propellers are equal in size and form. The effect of the turbine may further be augmented by inserting between the turbine-wheels I and II a leading bucket-rim. It is evident that several turbine-wheels may be arranged between the turbine-wheels I and II, so that the streaming velocity of the steam is step by step transferred into the energy in the several turbinewheels.

Having thus fully described the nature of this invention, what I desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is l. In a steam-turbine, the combination of two turbine-wheels, each provided with one row of buckets, the buckets of one turbine- Wheel being situated in the opposite direction to the buckets of the other turbine-wheel so that the steam leaving the buckets of one turbine-wheel can enter into the buckets of the second one, nozzles for each wheel, said nozzles being' situated so, that a nozzle on the left-hand side alternates with a nozzle on the right-hand side, substantially as described.

The passage i 2. In an elastic-Huid turbine, the combination of wheels mounted to revolve in opposite directions, each Wheel being provided with peripheral buckets, those of one wheel being reversed with respect to those of the next, nozzles disposed on opposite sides of' the wheels and located at the same distance Jfrom the axis or' the wheels so that the passages between the buckets are common to and receive motive fluid from both sets of nozzles.

3. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of wheels mounted to revolve in opposite directions, the buckets on a given wheel being similarly disposed, and nozzles oppositely disposed to balance the reaction, which nozzles discharge motive fluid th rough the bucketspaces, the latter being common to all the nozzles.

4. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of bucket-wheels mounted to revolve in opposite directions, the passages between the buckets on one wheel registering with those on another wheel, and oppositely-disposed nozzles located at the ends of the wheels and at the same radial distance from the wheelaXis.

1n testimony whereof I have signed my name to thls specification 1n the presence of two witnesses.

JOHANN STUMPF. IIitnesses:

HENRY HASPER, WOLDEMAR HAUPT.

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