US786102A

US786102A - Calculator.

Info

Publication number: US786102A
Application number: US21095304A
Authority: US
Inventors: Robert Newton Cooper
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1904-06-03
Filing date: 1904-06-03
Publication date: 1905-03-28
Anticipated expiration: 1922-03-28

Description

No- 786,102. PATENTED MAR. 28, 1 905.

B. N. COOPER.

CALCULATOR.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 3, 1904.

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- 120562"? Jwiwa 6 00 0122" W M Afro/mas No. 786,102. PATENTED MAR. 28. 190 51 R. N. COOPER.

CALCULATOR.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE'B. 1904. 2S-BEETs BHEBT 2.

WQEJEJ Patented. Maren 28, 1905.

PATENT OFFICE.

ROBERT NEWTON COOPER, OF SAYBROOK, ILLINOIS.

CALCULATOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 786,102, dated March 28, 1905.

Application filed June 3, 1904. Serial No. 210.953.

To rA/J/ ZU7'LO7I7/ it may concern.-

Be it known that 1', ROBERT NEWTON Ooor ER, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Saybrook, in the county of McLean and State of Illinois, have invented a new and Improved Calculator, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

The invention relates to registers, and more particularly to slide-rules; and its object is to provide a new and improved calculator designed for obtaining mathematical computations, such as multiplication and division, raising a number to a given power, extracting roots, finding the natural sine or tangent of an angle, and also finding the logarithm of a given number.

The invention consists of novel features and parts and combinations of the same, as will be more fully described hereinafter and then pointed out in the claims.

A practical embodiment of the invention is represented in the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the views.

Figure 1 is a sectional side elevation of the improvement on the line 1 1 of Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a sectional plan view on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 8 is an enlarged sectional side elevation of part of the improvement, showing the gearing for varying the speed of the scale-tapes. Fig. I is a similar view of the same. showing the parts in a different position. Fig. 5 is an enlarged cross-section of the improvement on the line 5 5 of Fig. I. Fig. 6 is a similar view of the same on the line 6 6 of Fig. 1. Fig. 7 is a plan view of parts of the upper faces of the scale-tapes, and Fig. 8 is a like View of parts of the under faces of the scale-tapes.

Within a suitably-constructed casing A are arranged endless scale-tapes B and B, located one alongside the other and passingover wheels O and C, mounted to rotate loosely on a transverse shaft D, journaled in the sides of the casing A at one end thereof. The tapes B and B also pass over two idlers E and E, journaled in the other end of the casing A, and the tapes pass from the idlers E E toward the wheels O O to pass around a pair of idlers F F, mounted to rotate loosely on a shaft G, journaled in a suitable bearing arranged on one side of the casing A.

The upper and lower faces of the tapes B and B are provided with scales, which are practically the same as those now used on the ordinary bar or disk slide-rules, so that further detailed description of the same is not deemed necessary, it being, however, understood that I prefer to provide the upper faces of the tapes B and B (see Fig. 7) with logarithm-scales. The scales on the under faces of the tapes B and B (see Fig. 8) are for trigonometric computations, and I prefer to provide the under side of the tape B with two scales, of which one divides the entire length of the tape into five hundred equal divisions to facilitate finding the logarithm of any number, and the other scale on the under face of this tape B is formed of divisions corresponding to different angles to aid in obtaining the tangent of any angle. The under face of the scale B is provided with a scale the division of which corresponds to different angles to aid in obtaining the natural sine of a given angle. Q

The upper faces of the scale-tapes B and B are viewable through a pane H of glass or other transparent material, secured to the top of the casing A and provided with a transversely-extending reading hair-line H. The under faces of the scale-tapes B and B are readable through a pane H of glass or other transparent material attached to one side of the casing A, the scales on the under faces of the tapes being reflected by a mirror H through the said pane H. the mirror being set at an angle to the corresponding under faces of the tapes, and the mirror is provided with a reading hair-line H, extending in a transverse vertical plane, also passing through the hair-line H. The mirror H is supported by a suitable bracket H from one side of the casing, as plainly shown in Fig. 6.

In order to impart a traveling motion to the tapes B and B, the following device is provided: In suitable bearings arranged within the casing A is journaled a longitudinally-ex- .operator.

tending shaft I, passing at one end through one end of the casing A, and on the outer end of the shaft is secured a knob or handle 1, adapted to be taken hold of by the operator for turning the shaft 1. On the inner end of the shaft I is secured a bevel gear-wheel l in mesh with a bevel gear-wheel I, secured on the shaft G, previously mentioned, and on this shaft G is also secured a spur-wheel I in mesh with a spur-wheel I secured to the shaft D. Now when the operator turns the knob or handle I then the shaft I is rotated, and its rotary motion is transmitted by the bevel gearwheels I and I to the shaft G, which by the spur-wheels 1* and I rotates the shaft D.

In order to transmit the rotary motion of the shaft D to either or both wheels O and O, clutch devices are provided preferably con' sisting of friction-bands J and J, arranged adjacent to the inner faces of the rims of the wheels (I and O, as plainly indicated in Fig. 5. The friction-bands J and J are mounted at one end on spiders J and J", secured on the shaft D, and the other free ends of the said friction-bands are connected with arms J and J, mounted to slide transversely on the shaft D and provided with shifting collars K and K, fulcrumed in suitable bearings in the casing A and provided at their free ends with transversely-extending buttons K and K projecting through suitable apertures in the sides of the casing A to the outside thereof, so as to be within convenient reach of the Normally the resiliency of the friction-bands holds the bands in frictional contact with the inner faces of the rims of the wheels O and C, so that when the shaft D is turned the friction-bands rotate the wheels O and O to impartatraveling motion at the same rate of speed to both scale-tapes B and B.

When it is desired to stop the traveling motion of one of the scale-tapes, then it is only necessary for the operator to press the corresponding button K or K, so that the corresponding friction-band J or J is moved out of frictional engagement with the corresponding wheel O or O to prevent the shaft D from rotating the respective wheel. It is understood that when the knob 1 is turned and the button K is pressed then the tape B is the only one caused to travel, while the other tape, B, remains at a standstill, and when the knob 1 is turned and the button K is released then the scale-tape B is caused to travel, while the scale-tape B remains at a standstill. When both buttons K and K are released and the knob 1 is turned, then both tapes B and B are caused to travel.

In order to vary the traveling speed of the two tapes B and B, so as to cause the tape B to travel twice the speed of the tape B or to cause the tape B to travel three times the speed of the tape B, the following device is provided: On the shaft G is secured a gearwheel G in mesh with a pinion L, mounted to rotate on a stud L, held on the free end of an arm N, fulcrumed loosely on the shaft (1 The stud LL extends through a segmental slot A, formed in one side of the casing A, so that the outer end of the stud can be taken hold of by the operator for swinging the arm N into either an uppermost position, as shown in Fig. 3, a middle position, as shown in Fig. 4, or into a lowermost position, as indicated in dotted lines inFig. 4. On the pinion L is secured a gear-wheel L adapted to mesh with ,a pinion O at the time the arm N is in an uppermost position, as shown in Fig. 3, the said pinion O being mounted to rotate loosely on a stud O, secured to one side of the casing A. On the pinion O is fastened a gear-wheel O in mesh with a gear-wheel O attached to or forming part of the wheel C. The pinion L is also adapted to mesh with a pinion O at the time the arm N is in a lowermost position, as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 4:, and this pinion O is mounted to rotate on a stud O", attached to the side of the casing A, and on the pinion O is secured a gear=wheel O" in mesh with the gear-wheel O on the wheel C. The pinions O and O are of different diameters, while the gear-wheels O and O are alike in size, and consequently when the shaft (i is rotated by the operator turning the shaft I, as previously explained, and the arm N is in an uppermost position, then the gear-wheel G rotates the pinion L and gear-wheel L which latter turns the pinion O and gear-wheel O to rotate the gear-wheel C and its wheel O at a rate of speed twice as fast as the wheel O is rotated directly from the shaft G, as previously explained, by way of the gear-wheels I and 1", and consequently the tape B travels with twice the speed of the tape B. When the arm N is swung into a lowermost position and the shaft Iv is turned, then the rotary motion of the shaft (i is transmitted by the gearwheel (jr, pinion L, gear-wheel L, pinion O, gear-wheel O, and gear-wheel O to the wheel O to rotate the latter three times as fast as the wheel O to cause the tape B to travel three times as fast as the tape B.

By the arrangement described it is evident that the operator by setting the arm N in either an uppermost or lowermost position can give the desired rate of speed to one tape, so as to cause this tape to travel at a different rate of speed to the other tape, and when it is desired to cause the tapes to travel at the same rate of speed then the operator swings the arm N into a horizontal position, as shown in Fig. 4, so that the wheels O and O are not driven from the shaft G by way of the gear-wheels G and L and pinion L; but the wheel O is driven from the shaft 1) whenever the clutch mechanism for the wheel 0 is thrown in action to connect the wheel C with the shaft G.

It is understood that by the arrangement described the tapes can be brought into the desired relation to each other to permit reading the desired computations on the hair-lines H and H.

By having the tapes arranged as described they take up very little room within the easing, and the latter need not be of extraordinary length, to permit of conveniently carrying the calculator in a pocket. It will also be seen that by the construction described and shown the tapes and the operating mechanisms for the same are mainly located within the casing, so that the parts are not exposed to moisture, and hence will work easily at all times to permit convenient and easy adjustment of the tapes to quickly bring the tapes to the desired positions.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. A calculator comprising a plurality of endless scale-tapes arranged one alongside the other, and manually-controlled means for imparting a traveling motion to the said tapes at the same or different speeds.

2. A calculator comprising a plurality of endless scale-tapes arranged one alongside the other, and means operated from a common source for imparting a traveling motion to the said tapes at the same or a different speed.

3. A calculator comprising a plurality of endless scale-tapes arranged one alongside the other, manually-controlled means for imparting a traveling motion to the said tapes, and means for holding either of the tapes against movement while the other travels.

4. A calculator comprising endless scaletapes arranged side by side, means for operating the said tapes at the same or different speeds, and manually -controlled means for stopping the travel of either tape while the other tape is traveling.

5. A calculator comprising endless scaletapes arranged one alongside the other, and a gearing for imparting a traveling motion to both tapes, provided with means for changing the traveling speed of the tapes, to cause the tapes to travel at the same speed or at a different rate of speed.

6. A calculator comprising endless scaletapes arranged one alongside the other, and a gearing for imparting a traveling motion to both tapes, provided with means for changing the traveling speed of the tapes, to cause the tapes to travel at a ratio of two to one.

7. A calculator comprising endless scaletapes arranged one alongside the other, and a gearing for imparting a traveling motion to both tapes, provided with means for changing the traveling speed of the tapes, to cause the tapes to travel at a ratio of three to one.

8. A calculator comprising a casing having a viewing-pane in the top and a like pane in the side, endless scale-tapes arranged one alongside the other and mounted to travel in the said casing, the upper faces of the tapes being viewable at the top viewing-pane, and a mirror in the casing for reflecting the under faces of the scale-tapes through the side pane.

9. A calculator comprising a casing having a viewing-panein the top and alike pane in the side, endless scale-tapes arranged one alongside the other and mounted to travel in the said casing, the upper faces of the tapes being viewable at the top viewing-pane, a mirror in the casing for reflecting the under faces of the scale-tapes through the side pane, and means for imparting a traveling motion to the said tapes at the same or at a different speed, the said means being arranged within the easing and having mauually-controlled parts extending to the outside of the casing for actuating the said means.

10. A calculator comprising a casing having a viewing-pane in the top and a like pane in the side, endless scale-tapes arranged one alongside the other and mounted to travel in the said casing, the upper faces of the tapes being viewable at the top viewing-pane, a mirror in the casing for reflecting the under faces of the scale-tapes through the side pane, means for imparting a traveling motion to the said tapes at the same or at a different speed, the said means being arranged within the casing and having manually-controlled parts extending to the outside of the casing for actuating the said means, and manually controlled means within the casing and extending to the outside thereof to be within convenient reach of the operator, for stopping one of the tapes while the other is traveling.

11. A calculator comprising a casing having a viewing-pane in the top and a like pane in the side, endless scale-tapes arranged one alongside the other and mounted to travel in the said casing, the upper faces of the tapes being viewable at the top viewing-pane, a mirrorin the casing for reflecting the under faces of the scale-tapes through the side pane, means for imparting a traveling motion to the said tapes at the same or at a different speed,-the said means being arranged within the casing and having manually-controlled parts extending to the outside of the casing for actuating the said means, and manually-controlled means within the casing and having parts extending to the outside thereof to allow of varying the speed of the tapes.

12. A calculator comprising a casing having a viewing-pane provided with a reading hairline, endless scale-tapes arranged one alongside the other and mounted to travel in the said casing, and a mirror in the casing, to reflect the scales on the tapes through the said pane.

13. In a calculator, endless scale tapes, wheels around which the tapes pass, a driven shaft, means for operating the said wheels from said shaft, pinions arranged one above the other and geared with the tape carrying ITO wheels, and a swinging pinion geared with the driven shaft and carrying a gear-wheel adapted to mesh with either of the first-named pinions.

14. In a calculator, endless sea'le tapes, wheels around which the tapes pass, one of the wheels carrying a gear-wheel, a driven shaft, means for operating the wheels from the driven shaft, pinions arranged one above the other and each carrying a gear-wheel meshing with the gear-Wheel of the tape carrying wheel, an arm mounted to swing on the driven shaft, a pinion mounted in the said arm and carrying a gear-Wheel adapted to mesh with either of the first-named pinions, and a gearwheel on the driven shaft and meshing with the pinion on the swinging arm.

15. In a calculator, endless scale-tapes, wheels around which the tapes pass, means for operating the said wheels, spiders secured to the axis of the wheel, arms mounted to slide 26