US783604A - Art of telegraphy. - Google Patents

Description

No 783,604. PATENTED FEB. 28, 1905.

M. 0. ANTHONY.

ART OF TELEGRAPHY.

J APPLIUATION FILED MAY 10, 1902.

9 train Srrns Patented February {353, 1905.

PATENT rerun.

ANT Ol TllELlEGF iAWl lt'.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 783,604, dated February 28, 1905.

Application filed May 10, 1902- Serial No. 106,780-

10 all 'uf/mm/ it may (iv/morn:

Be it known that :I, M ARCUS O. A u'rnionr, a citizen of the United States, residing at Barberton, in the county ol Summit and State of Ohio, have invented new and useful improvements in the Art of 'lelegraphy, 01 which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to the general art of telegraphy; and it consists ola novel ap ntratus for sending and receiving telegraphic signals in which the circuit as conn'noi'ily understood is dispensed with and one and the same conductor is made the means ol transmitting both outgoing and incoming electrical impulses. This conductor may be a wire, a railway-track, or the earth itself, either or in conjunction, no earth insulation being required where a metallic conductor is employed.

The essential characteristic of my invention is the combination with a transmittingconductor of means for producing telegraphic i'nake-and-break signals in a local batterycircuit and for tri'mslating them into correspending secondary waves or impulses upon and over said conductor and, supplementmy thereto, ol means for receiving and reconverting the impulses so transmitted into rcproductions of the original primary impulses in a second local battery-circuit, including a sounder or other means of making the same intelligible.

The main features ol the apparatus in point of novelty are the construction, arrangement, and functions of sending and receiving coils, each having a primary or inner winding and a secondary or outer winding in relatively opposite directions each to each and relatively opposite in the two coils by the arrangei'nent and connection with respect to each other. The primary or inner winding of the receiving-coil is in a battery-circuit including a sending-key and vibrator, while the secondary or inner winding of the receiving-coil has its terminals cirenited through a relay controlling an independent battery-circuit contailr ing a sounder. The outer or secondary windings in each case connect at one terminal through a common line to a single main conductor, which, as stateth nay be a metallic conductor or the earth, the opposite termics nal being blocked I. in, having no electrical connection. (although in the recmvmgcoil the terminal in question may be connected into the relay-circuit belore mentioned.)

The sending and receiving mechanism above outlined, coi'istituting a joint apparatus, is duplicated for each station of a given system and connected in multiple with the main conductor by the service branches common to each apparatus respeiiitively.

The principle involved in sending and receiving over the same conductor may depend upon the relative (.lirection ol the currents in respect to the colnluetor, the outgoing currents having a relatively opposite rotation to those incoming, the opposite winding ol the coils thus adapting them to their respective Functions of sending and receiving.

The invention is thus peculiarly adapted to railway service in ctnnnnmicating between stations and moving trains or between moving trains and For use in lield operations, such as i'niliti'u'y campaigns; lt also eheapens the coi'istrncti'on and maintenance of telegraphlines and, indeed, is a substitute for the ordinary systems of telegraphy.

My invention is illustratinl in the accompanying drawings. in which- Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of the sys.

tern, showing minor circuits and translating instruments, and the branch or service conductors and main conductor as applied in railwayservice. l ig. 2 is an axial section ol the sending and receiving cells to illustrate details.

Referring now to the drawings, A. designates the sending and B the receiving apparatus or portions of the general apparatus, respectively, as used upon a railway. Duplicates ol the same are located at stations and upon moving trains and connect electrirally with the lines of rails of the trackumy T as a main conductor.

The sending mechanism A consists 01 a bat tery-circuit including a battery or generatm' a; the prin'iary windin of an induction-coil :4, herein termed the seinling-coih a telegraphic seni'ling-key I), and a vibral'rn' apparatus P, all connected in circuits traced as follows: from one pole ol the battery a through conductor 2, through sending-key 7), to post 7) of the vibrator mechanism P; thence through make-and-break contact 3 4, vibrator m, and line 5, to the primary or inner winding (inner layer) of sending coil 6; thence from the opposite terminal of said inner winding (outer layer) back to battery by direct line 1. The magnet-circuit for vibrator apparatus P and contacts, beginning at post 7), is thence through make-and-break contacts 6 and 7 and extended line 10, through magnet-coils f and'line 8 to conductor 1.

londenser shunts are employed for the make-and-break contacts as follows: for-contact 3 a line 9 connecting across from lines 2 to 5 through condenser (Z, and for contact 6 a line 10 connecting across from lines 2 to 7 through condenser (Z Upon a suitable base is placed in vertical position a double magnet f, and centrally in front of same and in line are erected two vibrating metallic standards 0 and m, the latter being practically an upward extension of the line 5 to contact 4l,carried upon said standard, and the former, similarly, a part of line 10 to a contact 7, line 10 continuing thence to the upward terminals of magnet-coilsf. Beyond and in line with standards 0 and m is affixed a metallic post 2, carrying adjustable contacts 4: and 7, aforesaid, the post being an extension of line 10 at the opposite side of the condenser (Z The vibrator 0- carries also a lateral arm or finger c, hooked over and beyond vibrator m. breaking contacts 3 4 and 6 7. This movement is effected by extending the poles of the double magnetf laterally by parallel pole-piecesf f at the sides of the soft-iron base or head of the arm 0, as indicated in Fig. 3, producing a solenoidal action or pull upon the vibrator 0 against the natural elasticity of the vibrators.

The sending-coil e has its primary winding interposed between the terminals of conductors l and 5 of the battery-circuit. Its secondary winding has one blocked te'rminal that is, having no electrical outlet and the other terminal connected to a service-conductor (1, extending to earth or other natural conductor or to an artificial conductor, such as the track T of a line of railway, (as in the present illustration.) These primary and secondary windings are in relatively opposite directions about a permanent magnet-core :1: of hardened steel.

The receiving mechanism B consists of a coil c ,Wl1OS6 primary and secondary windings are relatively in opposite directions and are arranged oppositely to those of coil 1/.

The primary winding of coil 6 is in a closed outer circuit 13 14 through a local battery (0 and sounder Z! in the usual manner. The secondary winding of coil 6 has a cross connection 16 from the inner terminal of the secondary winding to the line 11 of the primary winding. The coil 6 is fitted with a core y of soft-iron wires bundled.

The sending and receiving portions A and B, above described, constitute a joint apparatus A B, which,-as already stated, is duplicated at stations and on moving trains and connected to the track or earth in multiple. In trains of cars moving on railways the connection is made through the running-gear to and through the wheel-contacts with the rails. I/Vhere used in field service-as, for example, in military campaigning-the earth alone may be used as the main conductor through metallic rods driven into the soil or otherwise as temporary connections with the earth.

In permanent railway service the track conduction may be rendered more perfect by bonding the rails, as in electric-railway service; but satisfactory results are obtained for receiving coils must be substantial duplicates as to windings, but used in reverse one with the other, as indicated in the foregoing description and in the figures of the drawings.

As shown in the drawings, the aforesaid coils e and e are placed relatively close together end to end. The object of this is to prevent the existence of a magnetic flux of the same polarity, and this is effected by providing each coil with its opposite windings and arranging the primary and secondary windings of one coil relatively opposite to the corresponding winding of the othercoil, resulting in current from one coil say the sendingcoil-being largely diverted and sent through the service-conductor to the main conductor whatever the character of the latter.

It will be observed that the main conductor (considered as a line connecting two terminal stations) terminates at each end in two branches, each branch terminating in the outer winding layer of an induction-coil. The inner coils in each case connect with -the local circuits of the sending-key and receivingsounder or relay, respectively. I may dispense with a relay and sounder direct where a telephone-receiver is used; but in railway service and the like the separate circuit and reaeoa can be used in building operations and in the lighting, &c., in which case a single wire can, be embedded in the hose without danger of short-circuiting, as is the case with a twowire circuit.

l claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States i. 'llhe combination in a system of telegraphy of a single main conductor having ungrounded terminals, a transmitting-coil consisting of a single core and inner and outer layers or Windingsarranged in relatively opposite directions, and a battery circuit including a sending mechanism and the inner or pri-. mary windingoi' the said coil, the said outer or secondary of the coil having oneterminal open and the opposite terminal connecting with the said main conductor.

2. The combination in a system 0| telegraphy, of a single track-rail forming a main cond uctor, a transmitting-coil consisting of a single core and inner and outer layers or wind ings arranged in relatively opposite directions, and a battery-circuit including a sending apparatus and the inner or primary winding of the transmitting-coil, the said outer or secondary of the coil having one terminal open and the opposite terminal connecting by aserviceconductor with the said traclvrziil.

3. The combination in a system of telegra phy, of a single conductor having ungrounded terminals, transmitting and receiving coils each having one end open said coils each including a single core and inner and outer layers or windings arranged in each coil, in relatively opposite directions, a battery-cir cuit comprising a sending apparatus and the inner or primary winding of the transmitting coil, a relay through which the terminals of the inner or secondary winding of the receiving-coil is circuited, and an independent battery-circuit containing a sounder, and controlled by the relay, said outer layer or winding of the said coils connecting through a common line to said main conductor.

i. The con'ibination in a system oi telegraphy of a single main conductor having ungrounded terminals, transmitting and receiv" ing apparatus and circuit connection therefor, transmitting and receiving coils each consisting of a single core and inner and outer layers wound in opposite directions relative to each other, and the said windings of the receiving coil arranged opposite to those of the transmitting-coil, and a service-comluctor leading to the main conductor and to which one terminal of each of the outer or secondary layer of the sending and receiving coils is connected.

5. in a system oi telegraphic communication, the combination of a single main con ductor having ungrounded terminals, in combination with com iilementary sending and reeeiving apparatus and two induction-coils each com prising inner and outer winding arranged in opposite directions relative to each other and with the winding of the respective layers in the sending-coil arranged opposite to the winding of the same layers in the receivingcoil, said terminals of the main conductor constituting the outer or secondary winding

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