US783444A

US783444A - Bag-turning machine.

Info

Publication number: US783444A
Application number: US20733604A
Authority: US
Inventors: William H Lester
Original assignee: Bemis Brothers Bag Co
Current assignee: Bemis Brothers Bag Co
Priority date: 1904-05-10
Filing date: 1904-05-10
Publication date: 1905-02-28
Anticipated expiration: 1922-02-28

Description

PATENTED FEB. 28, 1905.

W. H. LESTER. BAG TURNING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 10. 1904.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

MMOPMZ :3? W W y No. 783,444. PATENTED FEB. 28, 1905.

W. H. LESTER. BAG TURNING MACHINE.

APPLIOATIOK FILED MAY 10 1904.

8 SHEETSSHEET 2.

No. 783,444. PATBNTED FEB. 28, 1905. W. H. LESTER.

BAG TURNING MACHINE.

APPLIGATION FILED MAY 10, 1904.

B SHEETSSHEET 3.

No. 788,444. PATENTED FEB. 28, 1905. W. H. LESTER.

BAG TURNING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 10, 1904.

8 SHBETS-SHEBT 4.

mew 6%, \xxuexivov,

q, MM M 06am No. 783,444. PATENTED FEB. 28, 1905. H. LESTER. BAG TURNING MACHINE. I

APPLIOA'IION FILED MAY 10, 1904.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

QQEKY 5T, I \xuNXfCO v", m! r M'OPMZFD MW v 6 W3 8 PATENTED FEB. 28, 1905.

I w. H. LESTER. BAG TURNING MACHINE.

APPLIUATION FILED MAY 10, 1904.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

MM Mm PATENTED FEB. 28, 1905 W. H. LESTER.

BAG TURNING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 10, 1904.

BSHEETS-SHEBT 7.

TIE.

MM Maids,

No. 783,444. PATENTED FEB. 28, 1905.

W. H. LESTER. BAG TURNING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 10, 1904.

B SHEETS-SHEET B.

*1 m x Y6 \xuiufiiow, WazQ/Q AM 5 7. 4 441;,

UNTTED STATES Patented liebru ary 28, 1905.

PATENT @FFTQE.

WVILLIAM H, LESTER, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, ASSIGNOR TO BEMIS BRO.

BAG (10., OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.

BAG-TURNING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 783,444, dated February 28, 1905.

App1ioation filed May 10, 1904. Serial No. 207,336.

To It 1071 0122, it may concern:

Be it known that 1, WILLIAM H. LESTER, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of St. Louis, Missouri, haveinvented certain new 5 and useful Improvements in Rotary Pneumatic Bag-'lurning Machines, of which the following is a specification containing a full. clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part 1 hereof.

My invention relates to rotary pneumatic bag turning machines, and comprises the novel features herein shown, described, and claimed.

My object is to construct a bag-turning machine having means of establishing an aircur rent, means of inserting the unturned baginto the path of the air-current, so that the bag will be turned, and means of delivering the turned bags.

My invention comprises a rotary cylinder having an inlet-port in its periphery and having an outlet-port in its periphery, there being a connection between said ports, means of es- 5 tablishing an air-current through said ports,

means of inserting the bag into the path of said air-current, and means of delivering the turned bag.

My present application is subordinate to my 3 companion application filed April 25, 1904,

Serial No. 204,897, my present invention being a modified form of the construction shown in that application.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a top plan view of a rotary pneumatic bag-turning machine embodying the principles of my invention as seen looking in the directions indicated by the arrows 1 in Figs. 2, 3, and 4. Fig. 2 is aside elevation as seen looking in the direction in- 4 dicated by the arrow 2 in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a side elevation as seen looking in the direction indicated by the arrow 3 in Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation on a plane parallel with Fig. 2, taken on the line 4 4 of Fig. 1 and looking in the direction indicated by the arrow. Fig. 5 is across-section on the lines5 5 of Figs. 1, 2, and 3. Fig. 6 is a cross-section on the lines 6 6 of Figs. 1, 2, and 3. Fig. 7 is a perspective of the front end, illustrating the operation and looking in the direction in- 5 dicated by the arrow 7 in Figs. 1 and 8. Fig. 8 is a horizontal sectional detail on the lines 8 8 of Figs. 7 and 9and lookingdownwardly, as indicated by the arrow. Fig. 9 is a view in elevation of the front end of the machine, the supporting-frame and other parts being omitted. Fig. 10 is a sectional detail on the line 10 10 of Fig. 3. Fig. 11 is a sectional detail on the line 11 11 of Fig. 4. Fig. 12 is a view in elevation of the suction system and looking in the direction indicated by the arrow 12 in Fig. 1. Fig. 13 is a view analogous to Fig. 4 and illustrating the operation of delivering the turned bag. Fig. 14 is a view analogous to Fig. 2, the frame and gears being omitted to show the joint between the turning-box and the cylinders. Fig. 15 is a view analogous to Fig. 13 and illustrating the operation of delivering the turned bag and showing the mechanism in a different position. 7

My improved bagturning machine, as shown, comprises a bag-tur11ing cylinder having an inlet-port in its periphery adapted to receive the closed end of the turned bag and having an outlet-port in its periphery, there being a connection between said ports; a suc tion system having a port to register with the outlet-port of the bag-turning cylinder at each revolution of the cylinder; a bag-delivery suction-pipe connected to the suction system and having an inlet-port; a bag-delivery cylinder rotatably mounted in apposition to the bagturning cylinder upon the bag-delivery sue 4 tion-pipe and having a port registering with the port of the suction-pipe at each revolution 8 5 of the cylinder and having a pressure-distributing grate in said port, said cylinders being rotated nearly in peripheral contact, so that the turned bag may pass between the cylinders; a bag-turning box having a receiving- 9 opening at its forward end and having its discharge end forming a close joint with both of said cylinders and communicating with the inlet-port of the bag-turning cylinder when the outlet-port is in registration with the port of the suction system, there being a plurality of interchangeable forward end portions for said bag-turning box, bag-opening lingers mounted adjacent to the receiving-opening of said box; means of operating said fingers; means of rotatably adjusting the bag-delivery suction-pipe, so as to deliver bags of different lengths; means of yieldinglymounting one cylinder relative to the other, and a scraper in position to remove the bag from the deliverycylinder. I

Referring to the drawings in detail, the supporting-frame comprises mating side pieces, each side piece consisting of the posts and 21, the brace 22, connecting the upper ends the posts, the delivery-cylinder-supporting of arms 23, extending backwardly from near the upper end of the posts 21, the driving-shaft bearings 24, extending forwardly from the posts 21, the bag-turning-cylinder bearings 25, mounted upon the braces 22 at their rear ends, the brace 26, connecting the upper ends of the posts 21 to support the bag-turning box, and the brace 27, connecting the upper ends of the posts 20 to support a part of the bagturning-cylinder housing.

The bag-turning cylinder comprises the

heads

28 and 29, the trunnions 30 and 31, extending from the centers of the

heads

28 and 29 and mounted in the bearings 25 to rotatably-support the cylinder, the

segmental co'ncentric flange

32 and 33, extending inwardly from the

heads

28 and 29, the segmental concentric flanges 34, extending inwardly from the

heads

28 and 29, the port-flanges 35, extending inwardly from the

heads

28 and 29, the staves 36, connecting the

flanges

32 and 33, the staves 37, connecting the flanges 34, the staves 38, connecting the flanges 35, there being the large inlet-port 39 between the

staves

37 and 38, and there being the smaller outlet-port 40 between the opposite sides of the

staves

37 and 38, and there being a passage 41 connecting the inlet-port to the outlet-port, said ports being substantially at right angles to each other, and the inlet-port being in front of the outlet-port when the cylinder rotates in its normal direction, as indicated by the arrow 42 in Fig.4. The bag-turning-cylinder driving-gear 43 is formed integral with the head 28, there being an angular space 44 between the ends of the staves and the in.

r 5 Trier face of the gear. Grate-bars 37 are driven through the upper edge of the staves 37 and into the staves 38 to form a grate in the airpassage through the bag-turning cylinder.

It is obvious that the bag-turning cylinders might be formed of sheet metal instead of wooden staves or that the heads might be of wood instead of iron,'and that the shape and relative location of the ports might be changed in many ways without departing from the spirit of my invention, the essentials being a cylinder having an inlet-port and an outletport, both in the periphery, and a passage connecting the ports. The suction-fan 45 may be mounted in any suitable position, prefer- 6 5 ably above the machine.

The central portion 46 of the bag-turningcylinder housing is connected to a vertical pipe 47; a T 48 is connected to the upper end of the pipe; a pipe 49 connects the T to the suction-fan. The central portion 46 of the bag-turning-cylinder housing is flaring, as shown in Fig. 5. The outlet-port 40 of the cylinder extends from one head to the other, so that when the port is in registration with the suction-pipe 47 the air-current will be drawn with equal force at all parts of the port-that is, at the ends of the cylinder, as well as at the center. The rear part 50 of the housing extends from the central portion 46 backwardly and downwardly to the brace 27, and the front part 51 of the housing extends forwardly from the central portion. A section 52 of the suction-pipe extends from the .T 48, and an elbow 53 is fixed upon the opposite end of the section 52 from the T 48.

The bag-delivery cylinder is mounted in apposition to the bag-turning cylinder, and cornprises the

inner rims

54 and 55; the

webs

56 and 57, extending outwardly from the rims;

the

outer rims

58 and 59 around the

webs

56 and 57; the inner barrel 60, extending through the

rims

54 and 55 and having an opening in its side; the outer barrel 61, connecting the

rims

58 and 59 and having an opening in ali'nement with the opening in the inner barrel; a wall 62, connecting the two openings and forming the port 63; the pressure-distributing grate 64, covering this port, the outer face of the grate being concentric with the outer face of the barrel 61. The bag-delivery suction-pipe section 65 extends through and fits closely in the barrel and has an inletport 66 in position to register with the port 63 at each revolution of the bag-delivery cylinder. One end of the suction-pipe is closed by a cap 67. An elbow 68 is connected to the opposite end of the section 65. The pipe-joint 69 extends upwardly from the elbow and forms a sliding connection with the pipe-nipple 7 O, which is attached to the elbow 53, thus connecting the bag-delivery suctionpipe to the suction-fan 45. It is obvious that two different fans might be used, if desired, the essentials being a pipe having an inletport and means of establishing a continuous air-pressure toward said port. The bearingblock 71 is pivotally connected to the arm 23 at the right-hand side of the frame by the pin 72, and a similar bearing-block 73 is pivotally connected to the arm 23 at the other side of the frame by the pin 74, and the ends of the barrel 60 are rotatably mounted in said bearing-blocks, so as to support the bagdelivery cylinder when-the bearing-blocks are supported. An arm 75 extends from the bearing-block 71 to a position outside of one of the posts 20, and a retractile coil-spring 76 connects the outer end of the arm 75 to this post 20, the tension of said spring being exerted to raise the bag-delivery cylinder, and a stop 77 extends from one of the posts 20 above the arm to limit the upward motion of said arm. An arm '7 8 extends from the bearingblock 7 3 to a position outside of the other post 20. A retractile coil-spring 79 connects the outer end of said arm to this post 20, and a stop limits the upward motion of the arm 78 under the tension of the spring 79. The

springs

76 and 79 should be substantially equal in tension and the

stops

77 and 80 should be substantially on a level, so as to hold the bag-delivery cylinder in a position parallel with the bag-turning cylinder and in position so that the periphery of the barrel 61 is in close proximity to the periphery of the bag-turning cylinder, and the

springs

76 and 79 provide a means of yieldingly mounting the barrel 61 relative to'the bag-turning cylinder, so that when the bag passes between the two cylinders one cylinder may yield away from the other to the extent required to allow the bag to pass. The barrel 60, together with the wall 62, forming the port 63, may be cast integral or built up of pieces of metal or it may be built of wood. The heads of this cylinder may be built of wood and the barrel 61 may be of sheet metal or a casting, and various other changes may be made in the construction of the cylinder, the essentials being a suction-pipe having an inlet-port, a cylinder mounted on the suction-pipe and having a pipe registering with the suction-pipe port at each revolution of the cylinder, and means of establishing a continuous air-pressure toward said port.

The bag-delivery-cylinder driving-gear 81 is formed integral with the rim 58, and in building the barrel 61 an angular space 82 is formed between the gear 81 and the end of the barrel. An angular space 83 is formed at the end of the barrel 61 around the rim 59. An adjusting-ring 84 is rigidly mounted upon the pipe-section 65 and secured against rotation by the set-screw 85.. A handle 86 extends from the ring 84 to be manually engaged when it is desired to rotate the pipesection 65 and adjust its position with refer-.

ence to the port 66. An adjusting-slot 87 is formed throughthe bearing-block 73, and an adjusting-bolt 88 is inserted through the handle 86 and through the slot 87 to rigidly connect the ring 84 to the bearing-block and hold the port 66 in its adjusted position. The gear 81 meshes with the gear 43. The drivingshaft 89 is mounted in the bearing-blocks 24, and the driving-pinion 90 is fixed upon the driving-shaft in mesh with the gear 81 and the belt-pulley 91, fixed upon the driving-shaft, is driven from any suitable device.

The bag-turning box comprises the rigid base portion 92 and the removable interchangeable portion 93. The base portion is mounted horizontally above the bag-delivery cylinder, the horizontal center of the box being on a level with the center of the bag-turn- I ing cylinder. The discharge end of the bagturning box forms a close joint with the cylinder, and when the cylinders are removed relativeto the box the discharge end of the box is open. The rear ends of the

side pieces

94 and 95 form a close joint with the bagdel'ivery cylinder, the rear ends of the side piece 94 fitting in the angular space 44 and the rear end of the side piece 95 fitting against the outer face-of the head 29. The rear end of the bottom 96 of the box fits closely against the periphery of the barrel 61, and the rear end of the top 97 of the box fits closely against the periphery of the bag-turning cylinder and may or may not connect with the housing 51. in any suitable way, the cross-piece 26 of the frame extending under the center of the box. Binding-strips 99 are secured to the walls of the base 92 andagainst their outer faces, said strips extending beyond the ends of said walls, so as to form a socket to receive the rear end of the removable interchangeable portion 93, said portion forming an extension of the base andhaving a front wall 100. Set-screws 101 secure the removable section in position, so that when the machine is to be set up for a certain bag a removable section 93 is selected and placed in position corresponding to the length of the bag to be operated upon, and when the length of the bag is changed the section 93 is removed and another section substituted, which will produce the length of box required. The receiving-opening 102 is formed in the center of the front wall 100, said opening being preferably diamond-shaped.

The bag-opening lingers 103 and 104 are pivotally mounted upon the finger-operating

shafts

105 and 106, and said shafts are rotatably mounted in bearings 107 and 108, secured to the outer face of the side piece 95, and said shafts are secured together to move in opposite directions by the intermeshing gears 109 and 110. Bearing-

blocks

111 and 112, which secure the fingers 103 and- 104 to the shafts, are splined upon the shafts, so as to slide endwise upon the shafts, the splines holding the bearing-blocks from ro-v tation upon the shafts, and set-screws carried by the bearing-

blocks

111 and 112 hold the fingers in their adjusted positions, so that when the length of the bagturning box :section 93 is changed the location of the

fingers

103 and 104 may be correspondingly changed by manipulating the set-screws. The

fingers

103 and 104 operate to and from each other at the vertical center of the bagreceiving opening 102, as clearly shown in Fig. 9. An arm 113 is fixed upon the shaft 105 and extends upwardly, and a retractile coil-spring 114 connects the upper end of the arm to the box, the tension of'said spring be- The box is mounted upon the frame ing exerted to hold the lingers in thei-izclosed having the oppositely-inclined ends and 116, the straight central portion 117, and slotted

ears

118 and 119, through which lagscrews1 20 are inserted and tapped into the head 29, so as to mount the cam adjustably upon the end of the bag-turning cylinder. The cam is a segment of a circle when seen in elevation, as in Fig. 3, and is located concentric to the axis of the bag-turning cylinder. A crank-arm 121 is-fixed upon the end of the shaft 105 and carries a roller 122 at its upper end to engage the cam and operate the shaft 105 in opposition to the tension of the spring 114, so as to open the

fingers

103 and 104, as shown in Fig. 9.

As before suggested, the receiving-opening 102 in the front wall of the bag-turning box is diamond-shaped, the longest dimension of the diamond being horizontal. It is important that this opening be large enough to allow the bag to pass through it as it is turned and that it be small enough to be completely covered by the open end of the bag before it is turned. The

fingers

103 and 104 operate at the shortest or vertical dimension of the diamond. Hand-

supports

123 and 124 extend forwardly at the ends of the opening, and knuckle-

recesses

125 and 126 are formed in the wall 100 immediately outside of the

supports

123 and 124.

The unturned bags may be piled upon a bench 127 in a position convenient to the operator, who stands in front of the bag-turning box, as shown in Fig. 7. The flattened open end of the bag is grasped by the operator and placed in position to cover the opening 102, with the knuckles of the operators hands in the

recesses

125 and 126, with the

fingers

103 and 104 in the bag-opening and with the edges of the bag clasped against the

supports

123 and 124 by the thumbs of the operator, said supports serving to hold the operators hands from being drawn together into the opening 102 by the air-pressure turning the bag. Then the roller 122 will ride upon the cam-surface 116, thus rocking the

shafts

105 and 106 and moving the

fingers

103 and 104 to their open positions, thereby opening the mouth of the bag, and the mouth is held open while the roller 122 travels along the surface 117. During this time the ports of the delivery-cylinder are in registration with the port of the suction-fan, and the air-current caused by the suction-fan will draw the bag through the opening 102 and through its own mouth, thereby turning the bag into the bag-turning box, as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 4. The bagturning box must be long enough so that the closed end will pass only slightly into the port 39, and the box must be long enough so that the closed end of the bag will not pass too far into the port 39. Then as the cylinders continue to rotate the port 39 passes out of registration with the suction-pipe 47 the staves 37 press the closed end of the bag downwardly upon the bag-delivery cylinder, and then the operator releases the bag, and it is drawn between the two cylinders, as shown in Fig. 15. At the time that the closed end of the bag is passing between the two cylinders the bag is pressed against the bag-delivery cylinder in contact with the grate 64, the port 63 is in registration with the port 66, and the air-pressure caused by the suction-fan presses the bag against the grate 64, and the bag is carried around to a point directly below the axis of this bag-delivery cylinder. Then the port 63 passes out of registration with the port 66, the air-pressure is checked, and the bag is dropped upon the receiver 128, as shown in Fig. 13. Ascraper 129 is attached at its end to the frame, so that the scraper will contact with the periphery of the bag-delivery cylinder at a point just beyond where the air-pressure is cut off, so that if the cylinder is going at a high rate of speed, and the bag does not drop, the scraper will remove the bag from the cylinder, and the guide 130 is connected to the scraper and curved outwardly and downwardly, so as to guide the bag down upon the receiver 128.

The continuous action of the suction-fan creates a continuous rarefaction of the air in the pipe system, thereby causing a continuous air-current to pass through the bag-turning box-opening 102,through the box, through the port 39 in the periphery of the bag-turning cylinder, through the

ports

40 and 41, and through the pipe system to the fan, the force of said current being always present in the bag-turning box, except when the port 40 is out of registration with the pipe. In other words, I produce a continuous current and provide means of interrupting and controlling the current. The action of the suction-fan also creates a vacuum or rarefaction of the air in the bag-delivery pipe 65, so that when the port 63 is in registration with the port 66 there is a continuous air-pressure directed toward the mouth of the port 63, said pressure being distributed evenly over said mouth by the grate 64. The force causing this pressure is always present in the pipe 65; but its action is interrupted when theport 63 is out of registration with the port 66. So far as this pressure is concerned and its effect as a means of delivering the bag it is immaterial whether the force comes from a suction-fan back of the machine or from a blow-fan in front of the machine.

The bag-turning cylinder having an air-passage in and out through its periphery performs two main functions. In the first place it regulates the air-current and performs the function of a valve motion to shut off and turn on the air-current at regular intervals, as desired, to turn the bag by the force of the aircurrent, and in the second place the port 39 in the periphery of the bag-turning cylinder receives the closed end of the turned bag, grasps the bag, and presses it against the bagmachine.

delivery cylinder. It is essential that some means be provided to take hold of the turned bag before it is released by the operator and then handle and deliver the bag out of the The bag-turning cylinder is one means that may be employed for this purpose. It is obvious that other forms of delivery mechanism might be used in connection with the bag-turning cylinder. It is important that the two cylinders be yieldingly mounted relative to each other, and while I prefer to mount the bag-delivery-cylinder yieldingly it is obvious that the bag-turning cylinder might be yieldingly mounted and the bag-delivery cylinder rigidly mounted or that both cylinders might be yieldingly mounted. This is important, because a bag might become wadded or doubled in the bag-turning box,.and then it would be necessary for the cylinders to spring apart in order to allow the bag to pass in its disordered condition. Ordinarily the yielding motion will only be slight, and the gears connecting the two cylinders will not be thrown out of mesh.

In regard to the bag-turning box it is important that means be provided for changing the size of the box when it is desired to operate upon different sizes of bags. hen a change is made from one size of bag to another, the length of the box must be changed, and the size of the receiving-opening in the front wall of the box must be changed. Means must be provided for changing the front wall of the box in some manner, so as to enlarge or reduce the size of the opening 102. I prefer to make a separate front section of the box for each size of bag, making said sections interchangeable and readily removable, so that in changing the work from one size of bag to another it is only necessary to take off one section of box and put on another. The essentials are a box having means of being adapted to different lengths of bags and having means of providing a receiving-opening for different sizes of bags.

It is important that means be provided for positively grasping the turned bag and pulling it away from the operator. By a little practice the operator will become accustomed to the amount of exertion required and will hold onto the bag with suliicient force to resist the air-current, and when the delivery mechanism takes hold of the bag the bag will be pulled away from the operator. This is the best way of timing the motions of the operator. If the operator depends upon a mental process for releasing the bag, the bag might be released too quick and drawn into the bag-turning cylinder, or it might not be released quick enough, and in either event the operation would be a failure, but whenthe operator holds the bag with just sufficient force to overcome the air-current and the machinery takes hold of the bag and pulls it away from the operator there can be no mistake in the time of the action.

It is important that means he provided for adjusting the delivery mechanism to different lengths of bags. The delivery-suction pipe is mounted rotatably and adjustably, so that the point at which the port 63 passes out of registration with the port 66 may be changed. If a short bag is being worked, the adjustment ,will be fixed so as to shut off the air-pressure bag into the path of said air-current, provide means of grasping the turned bag from the operators hand, provide a movable delivery mechanism, establish an air-pressure toward said mechanism, and provide means-of bringing the turned bag under the influence of the air-pressure, and provide means of releasing the turned bag from the delivery mechanism.

It is obvious that the machine shown or similar mechanism constructed in accordance with the principles herein disclosed may be adapted to the turning of other articles, and 1 therefore do not wish to. limit the use of my invention to the turning of bags.

The bag-turning cylinder and its housing act like a valve, the cylinder being the movable member and the housing the valve-casing, and this valve action serves to interrupt and control the airpassage to, the suction-fan. The air-passage in and out through the periphery of the bag-turning cylinder is elongated longitudinally of the cylinder, and the port leading through the housing to the suction-pipe is correspondingly elongated, so that the air-current will be drawn through the cylinder in such a manner that it will have a quick opening and closing movement. In

other words, as the cylinder rotates and the ports come into registration the registration takes place throughout the entire length of the cylinder instantaneously, and the same is true when passingout of registration, so as to make a quick action. As compared with the length of the air-passage the width of the passage is comparatively small, especially at the discharge end.

The grate-bars 37 form an obstruction in the air-passage through the bag-turning cylinder and at the outlet end of said passage, so that if. the operator loses control of the bag the bag will be drawn into the air-passage against the grate, and when the cylinder rotates around to bring the air-passage into a vertical position with the inlet end downwardly, as shown in Fig. 15, the bag will fallout of the air-passage. It is important that this grate be located at the outlet end of the air-passage, so as to form a chamber large enough to receive the bag and so as to prevent the bag from being drawn into the air-pipe ot' the suction system. If the chamber in front of the grate was not large enough to receive the crumbled bag, it would be drawn between the periphery of the cylinder and the housing and cause trouble.

I claim- 1. In a turning-machine: a rotary cylinder having an air-passage in and out through its periphery; substantially as specified.

2. In a turning-machine: a rotary cylinder having an air-passage in and out through its periphery; and means of establishing an aircurrent through said air passage; substantially as specified.

3. In a turning-machine: a rotary cylinder having an air-passage in and out through its periphery; means of establishing an air-current through said air-passage; a second rotary cylinder having an air-port in its periphery; and means of establishing an air-pressure toward said air-port; substantially as specified.

4. In aturning-machine: a rotary cylinder having an air-passage in and out through its periphery; means of establishing an air-current through said passage; and means of bringing the unturned article into the path of the air-current; substantially as specified.

5. In a turningmachine: a rotary cylinder having an air-passage in and out through its periphery; the receiving end of said passage being adapted to receive the closed end of the turned article; and means of establishing an air-current through said passage, substantially as specified.

6. In a turning-machine: a rotary cylinder having an air-passage in and out through its periphery adapted to receive the closed end of the turned article; and asecond cylinder in position to receive the article from the first cylinder; substantially as specified.

7. In a pneumatic bag-turning machine: a bag-turning cylinder having an air-passage in and out through its periphery; and a suction system having a port adapted to register with the air-passage at each revolution of the bagturning cylinder; substantially as specified.

8. In a pneumatic bag-turning machine: a bag-turning cylinder rotatably mounted and having an air-passage in and out through its periphery; asuction system in position to register with said air-passage; and a bag-turning box having a discharge-opening in position to register with said air-passage when the airpassage is in registration with the suction system; substantially as specified.

9. In a pneumatic bag-turning machine: a bag-turning cylinder having an air-passage in and out through its periphery; a housing for said cylinder; and a suction system connected to said housing; substantially as specified.

10. In a pneumatic bag-turning machine: a bag-turning cylinder having an air-passage in and out through its periphery; a housing for said cylinder; a suction-pipe connected to said housing; a bag-turning box in position to register with the bag-turning cylinder; and a bagdelivery cylinder in position to receive the turned article from the bag-turning cylinder; substantially as specified.

11. In a pneumatic bag-turning machine: a bag-turning cylinder having an air-passage in and out through its periphery; a bag-delivery cylinder having an air-passage in through its periphery and out through its end; abag-turning box discharging to said cylinders; and a suction system; substantially as specified.

12. In a pneumatic bag-turning machine: a bag-turning cylinder having an air-passage in and out through its periphery; a bag-turning box mounted in operative relation to the cylinder; two shafts mounted upon the side of the box and connected together to operate in opposite directions; means of operating the shafts from the bag-turning cylinder; and bag-opening fingers mounted upon the bag-turning shaft in front of the receiving-openingof the bag-turning box;.substantially as specified.

13. In aturning-machine: a bag-turning cylinder having an air-passage in and out through its periphery adapted to receive the closed end of the turned article; a second cylinder in apposition to the first cylinder and adapted to receive the turned article from said port; and

a scraper to remove the article from the second cylinder; substantially as specified.

14. In a pneumatic bag-turning machine: a bag-turning suction-pipe having an inlet-port; a bag-turning cylinder rotatabl y mounted relative to the suction-pipe and having an air-passage in and out through its periphery adapted to register with the pipe-inlet port at each revolution of the cylinder; a bag-turning box in position to discharge into said ports when they are registered, and having a receivingopening through which the bag is turned; and a suction-fan for establishing an air-current through said receiving-opening; substantially as specified.

15. In a pneumatic bag-turning machine: a bag-turningsuction-pipe having an inlet-port; a bag-turning cylinder rotatably mounted relative to the suction-pipe and having an air-pas.- sage in and out through its periphery adapted to register with the pipe-inlet port at each revolution of the cylinder; a suction-fan for establishing an air-current directed toward said ports; and means of. inserting the unturned bag into the path of said air-current; substantially as specified.

16. In a turning-machine: a bag-turning cylinder having an air-passage in and out through its periphery adapted to receive the closed end of the turned article; a second cylinder in proximity to the first cylinder and having.

an inlet-port in its periphery; a pressure-distributing grate in said inlet-port of the second cylinder; said grate being in position to receive the turned article from the first cylinder; anda suction-fan for drawing the closed end of the turned articleinto the first cylinder and for pressing the turned article against the second cylinder; substantially as specified.

17. In a pneumatic bag-turning machine: a rotary bag-turning cylinder having an airpassage in and out through its periphery. said air-passage being elongated longitudinally of the cylinder; substantially as specified.

18. In a pneumatic bag-turning machine: a rotary bag-turning cylinder having an airpassage in and out through its periphery; and a housing for the cylinder to control the airpassage; the air-passage through the cylinder and the port in the housing being elongated longitudinally of the cylinder; substantially as specified.

19. In a pneumatic bag-turning machine: a rotary bag-turning cylinder having an airpassage in and out through its periphery; a housing for the cylinder to control the airpassage; and a suction system 1 connected to the housing; the air-passage through the cylinder and the port through the housing being elongated longitudinally of the cylinder; substantially as specified.

20. In a pneumatic bag-turning machine: a rotary bag-turning cylinder having an airpassage in and out through its periphery; a bag-turning box discharging to the cylinder; a housing for the cylinder to control the airpassage; and a suction system connected to the housing; the air-passage through the cylinder being elongated longitudinally of the cylinder, and the discharge end of the bagturning boX and the port through the housing being elongated correspondingly; substantially as specified.

21. In a turning-machine: a rotary turningcylinder having an air-passage in and out through its periphery; and a grate in said airpassage; substantially as specified.

22. In a pneumatic bag-turning machine: a bag-turning cylinder having an air-passage in and out through its periphery; andagrate in the rear part of said air-passage, there being a chamber in front of the grate to receive the bag; substantially as specified.

23. In a'pneumatic bag-turning machine; a rotary bag-turning cylinder having an airpassage in and out through its periphery; the inlet end of said passage being larger than the outlet end; substantially as specified.

24. In a pneumatic bag-turning machine: a rotary ba -turning cylinder having an airpassage in and out through its periphery; the inlet end of said passage being larger than the outlet end; and a grate at the outlet end of said passage; substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

WILLIAM H. LESTER.

Witnesses:

t F. C. ORIsLER,

ALFRED A. EIoKs.