US783339A - Vapor-lamp. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED FER-2l, 1905.

W. P. WARREN.

VAPOR LAMP.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 6.1904.

3 SHEETS-SHEET l.

No. 783,339. PATBNTED FEB. 21, 1905. W. P. WARREN.

VAPOR LAMP.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 6.1904.

3 SHEETHHEET 2.

Z/JZTM/ww MWMLM, z M V y NTTED STATES Patented February 21, 1905.

PATENT Trice.

WALTER P. WARREN, OF LONDON, ENGLAND, ASSlGNOR OF TVVO-THIRDS TO JAMES CHARLES PAIN, JR., AND ALBERT ESOOLME, OF LONDON,

ENGLAND.

VAPOR-LAMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 783,339, dated February 21, 1905i.

Application filed April 6, 1904. Serial No. 201,866.

T (all 'LU/'00111, it 'ntf/1] (zo/werm- Be it known that I, VALTER PELHAM WAR- REN, engineer, a subject of the King of Great Britain, residing at 525 Holloway road, London, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Vapor-Lamps, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to lamps and burners using liquid hydrocarbons; and the objects of IO this invention are (inte/1' alza) to provide a lamp and burner which will minimize the risks attendant on the use of liquid hydrocarbons either from the leakage of the liquid through the various parts when the lamp or burner is I5 in any other than a vertical position or from the gaseous vapors in the body of the lamp coming into contact with fiame, and so causing an explosion; to provide a burner which may be employed with or without a forced 2O draft, which automatically vaporizes the liquid, and which is free from liability to be extinguished by vibration or jar, such as is commonly experienced on ordinary road and other vehicles; to simplify the means of manipulating the wick, and to insure an even and, constant supply of hydrocarbons at the point of combustion so long as any remain in the reservoir, but irrespective of the quantity of such liquid which may be in the reservoir.

'ln the accompanying drawings, Figure lis a view of the lamp and burner, the parts being shown in vertical section. Fig. 2 is a hori- Zontal cross-sectional view through the burner part of the lamp on the line 6 6, Fig. 1. Fig. 3S 3 is a horizontal cross-sectional view on the line 7 7, Fig. l: Fig. A is a perspective view showing' the absorbent filling inthe act of being rolled round the wick. Fig. is a perspective view of the absorbent filling rolled completely round the wick, ready for insertion in the perforated chamber. Fig.V 6 is an exterior View of the burner and top part of the lamp, showing the arrangement of chimney and globe. Fig. 7 is similar view to Fig. 6, but showing a chimney with enlargement at the lower end thereof which may be used in place of a cylindrical chimney and globe, as in Fig. 6. Fig. 8 shows a modified arrangement wherein the absorbent filling is arranged in a cylinder or chamber which is only perforated or porous at the lower end thereof, and such chamber and absorbent filling is used in the position shown-viz. immersed in the reservoir containing the liquid hydrocarbonsthis Fig. 8 showing a further modificationnamely, two fiat wicks (or a circular wick can be employed, if desired, with this reservoir arrangement) -the upper part-z'. e. the burner portionbeing removed, same being of any suitable constructionesuch, for example, as the ordinary form of duplex burner, with two flat wicks.

l will first of all describe my invention with reference to the accompanying drawings as carried into practice with a circularwick lamp. a is circular wick, which in the case illustrated is shown as a circular core of wick material-t'. c., non-tubularand in this wick I insert from end to end thereof a metal core or strip e, advantageously in the form of a copper wire, (which I will hereinafter refer to as the wire 2,) the length of this wire e being such that at its lower end it will rest on the bottom of the lamp or bottom of the case in-` Yend will extend to the top of the wick or just above samet'. c., this wire extends up to the point of combustion, or thercabout--and though relative longitudinal movement is possible between the wick a and the wire a nevertheless such relative movement cannot easily take place. Thus as the wick burns away or becomes reduced in length then when the wick'is raised by the star-wheel f; (or by any other suitable means) the wire is pushed down by the operator until said wire .e rests or bears vagainst the bottom of the aforesaid casing or reservoir, and thereafter any shaking, jolting, or vibration of the lamp (to which same is ordinarily liable to be subjected) will not cause the wick to descend, as with the assistance of this wire e, thus located the wick is firmly held in any position to which it is adjusted, as aforesaid. Round this core of wick material forming the wick a l then roll or place one complete lap or winding of blotting-paper or the like close-grained absorbent (see Figs. 4 and 5,) so that said wick a is completely surrounded by blotting-paper t or the like close-grained absorbent, hereinafter' referred to as "blotting-paper,7 and I then commence to roll or place flannel or the like open-grained absorbent material cn'ext to the blotting-paper and roll about three or four laps or windings of said alternate layers of blotting-paper and iiannel c, and after these four or five laps of blotting-paper, alternating with layers of flannel, no more blotting-paper is used, and the windings are continued with flannel only or the like open-grained absorbent c (hereinafter referred to as flannel) until the desired diameter or size of absorbent materials is arrived at, whereupon this roll (of absorbent materials a, b, and c) is now inserted in a perforated case, such as the cylindrical perforated chamber CZ, which perforated tube or chamber d is open at both its top and bottom ends,such tubular chamber d being advantageously brazed or otherwise fixed to the short downwardly-extending tubular portion@ of the cap f, which supports the burner. g is the outer case, consisting of the solid walled cylindrical tube g, closed at its bottom end, and at its upper end said outer casing or envelop g is adapted to slide over and fit closely the tubular part e of said cap f. The oil absorbing and holding device thus formed and' and size, and to charge this cartridge with a supply of oil all that it is necessary to do is to slide off the outer casing g, then dip the cartridge for a moment in any suitable liquid hydrocarbon in any suitable vessel or holder, whereupon the absorbent material will quickly become fully charged with the liquid hydrocarbons, and the cartridge is then lifted out of the liquid (allowed to drain for a moment) and then replaced in its casing g and is again ready for use. The casing g maybe secured and retained in position on the cap f by any suitable means. The burner for use with this round-wick cartridge is as follows: On the cap or topf of the cartridge there is fixed the wick-tube L, the bottom end of which advantageously extends a short distance below the cap f, so as to enter the cartridge, and at its upper end this wick-tube 7L is flared or bellmouthed or provided with a conical top portion, such as e', 'which latter has a-ring of perforationsj'provided therein, and between such fiared top a' and cap f thiswick-tube z. is slotted at /t to enable the points of the star-wheel c to enter the wick a for the purpose of raising or lowering the latter, this star-wheel 712- being a convenient device for raising or lowerlng the w1ck;rbut obviously any other equivalent or suitable means may be employed for this purpose.

Z is a support fixed to the cap f to form a seating for the hood m, over which supportl the hood m is adapted to fit down stifiiy, so as to be held firmly thereon in position during the burning of the lamp and protect the fiame from gusts of air and the like. This hood m is open at its top end and is provided with a ring of apertures n, located about midway of the height of said hood m, so as to permit an adequate supply of air to pass upward between the outside of the wick-tube /t with fiared top vl and the interior of said hood, and thus form an efficient air-supply for the flame, said hood m being slotted at m/ to permit same to fit down over the star-wheel 70, part of which star-wheel thus projects through said hood m to enable the wick to be raised or lowered by such star-wheel r: without removal of the hood m. The star-wheel c may be provided with a shaft and milled head thereon to rotate in the usual manner, if desired. Any suit` able chimneys may be used in conjunction with this burner; but where a chimney and globe are employed, as in Fig. 6, the chimney o must be supported slightly above the top of the hood m, so as to afford access of air over the top of said hood m to the flame issuing therefrom, such chimney 0 being mounted in any suitable manner-for example, by the support p and the spring-guides q-the globe r beingmounted in a gallery of the usual or any suitable type of a character adapted to admit air at the lower part of' said globe.

In Fig. 7 no globe is shown, the chimney s being' formed with an enlargement s' at the lower part thereof and is supported in a gallery in about the positionv shown, so that air admitted at the lower end of said chimney can pass upward over the top of said hood m and also pass to the interior of said hood m through the apertures n, as before.

In Fig. 8 each of the two fiat wicks are surrounded by blotting-paper and outside of this blotting-paper there is packed any suitable absorbent material u, the whole being contained in the case fv, the lower portion only IOO IIO

of which is perforatednamely, at /z/-which i perforated portion is immersed in the liquid hydrocarbon contained in any suitable lampreservoir w.

A wire or wires e is inserted in each fiat wick, and such wicks when provided with wires capable of longitudinal movement in relation to such wicks and of such a length that they reach from just below the flame to the bottom of the oil-container are even without any absorbent envelop of great usein that they prevent the wicks dropping into the container if turned down too low, and such wicks can be much more easily inserted into the wick-tube than if without the wires, and

the heat conductivity of the wires tends to assist vaporizationof the oil.

The wick-tubes for table-lamp purposes may be Lstraight-through tubes in the ordinary way, or for the purpose of lamps burning without a chimneyr-such as van-lamps, hand-lamps, &c.-the top ends of the wicktubes a* may be turned inward, as shown at a, Fig. 8, and each end of said flat-wick tubes in such case are advantageously cut away. rIhis arrangement of inturned edge or flange at the top of the wick-tubes ne may, if desired, be provided by forming said inturned edges on removable caps, the latter being adapted to slide over the wick-tubes, on which they fit down tightly.

It will be obvious that, if desired, the circular-wick burner, as herein described, may be employed independently of the cartridges a b c Z and wire .e-as,for example, such burner may be employed with an ordinary circular wick immersed in a body of hydrocarbon liquid in the lamp-reservoir in the ordinary way. Also it will be obvious that the aforesaid cartridges c Z; c CZ and wire e, constructed according to the present invention, may be employed with other than the precise form of burner described and illustrated, as although I have described and set forth the best forms of burner at present known to me for use in conjunction with such cartridge, nevertheless it will be obvious that anyiother suitable burner may be used, if desired, in conjunction with said cartridge, as aforesaid.

If desired, any suitable heat-non-conducting or insulatory material may be inserted or employed between the burner and the bodyA or cartridge to prevent or reduce heat being conveyed from the liquid hydrocarbons in the absorbent material. For example, a washer or packing 1/ of heat-insulating material, such as asbestos, may be inserted inside the top of the perforated chamber/close under the cap f.

In forming the cartridge by rolling the two absorbent materials round the wick or round a templet corresponding to the wick t or corresponding to the flat wicks (as the case may be) care must be taken that this is done in such wise that the circular wick a (or other shaped wick, as the case may be) may be readily slid in or out of the interior space thus formed in the roll of absorbent materials b and c or other absorbent, as the case may be. It will also be obvious that, if desired, the layers of absorbent material may be placed in position round the wick (whether the latter be circular or otherwise) in other ways than by rolling or winding such absorbent materials, as aforesaid, although I consider the rolling or winding of such materials to be the simplest and easiest way to form these cartridges.

From the foregoing description it will be obvious that the wick and the absorbent materials are and must be in contact with one another or arranged in such wise that the oil held in these various absorbent materials can all (or practically all) pass readily and evenly from all parts of said absorbent materials to bons, a device for supplying oil comprising a wick, a layer of fine-grained material surrounding said wick, and a layer of coarsegrained material surrounding said fine-grained material, in combination with means for isolating the ignition-surface of said wick from said latter-named elements, substantially as described.

2. In lamps for burning liquid hydrocarbons, a device supplying oil comprisinga wick, a layer of close-textured fabric surrounding said wick and a layer of loose-textured fabric surrounding said close-textured fabric in combination with means for isolating the ignitionsurface of said wick from said latter-named elements, substantially as described.

3. In lamps for burning liquid hydrocarbons, a-device for supplying oil comprising a wiclga piece of line-grained material wound spirally about said wick, a piece of coarsegrained material wound spirally between the layers of said line-grained material and a further winding of coarse-grained material outside of said spiral windings, substantially as described.

4L. In lamps for burning liquid hydrocarbons, a device for supplying oil comprising a wick, a layer of fine-grained material surrounding said wick, and a layer of coarsegrained material surrounding said fine-grained material, the whole wound upon ametal core, in combination with means for isolating the ignition-surface of said wick from said coarse and line grained materials, snbstantiall y as described.

5. In lamps for burning liquid hydrocarbons, adevice for supplying oil comprising a wick, a' layer of fine-grained material surrounding said wick, and a layer of coarsegrained material surrounding said fine-grained material, means for isolating one end of said wick from said latter-named elements, a perforated wall surrounding said oil-supplying device, and a suitable vessel for containing the same, substantially as described.

6. In lamps for burning liquid hydrocarbons, a device supplyingoil comprisinga wick, a layer of close-textured fabric surrounding' said wick and a layer of loose-textured fabric surrounding said close-textured fabric, means for isolating one end of said wick from said latter-named elements, a perforated wall sur- IIO IZO

rounding said oil-supplying device, andasuitl suitable casing, an apertured wick-tube exable vessel for containing the same, substantially as described.

7. In lamps for burning liquid hydrocarbons, a device for supplying oil comprising'a wick, a layer of blotting-paper surrounding said wick, and a layer of flannel surrounding said blotting-paper, means for isolating' one end of said wick from said latter-named elements, a perforated tube surrounding said flannel, and a suitable vessel in which the Whole is placed, substantially as described.

8. In lamps for burning liquid hydrocarbons, a suitable outer casing, a perforated tube constructed to fit loosely therein, a device for supplying oil within said' tube comprising a wick, a layer of fine-grained material surrounding said wick and a layer of coarsegrained material surrounding said fine` grained material, and a metal core within said wick constructed to have a bearing upon the bottom of said outer casing, substantially as described.

9. In lamps for burning liquid hydrocarbons, a device for supplying oil comprising a wiclga plurality of alternate layers of blottingpaper and flannel surrounding said wick, the

. Whole wound upon a metal core and placed within a suitable inclosing casing, in combination with means for isolating the ignition-surface of said wick from said blotting-paper and flannel, substantially as described.

10. 'In lamps for burning liquid hydrocarbons, a device for supplying oil comprising' a wick, and a roll comprising alternate layers of line and coarse grained material wound loosely thereon whereby said wick is capable of a longitudinal movement within said layers, substantially as described.

11. In lamps for burning liquid hydrocarbons, a device for supplying oil comprising a Y wick, a roll comprising alternate layers of fine and coarse grained material wound loosely thereon whereby said wick is capable of a longitudinal movement within said layers, and a metal core for said wick whereon the same is guided in its movement, substantially as described.

12. In lamps for burning liquid hydrocarbons, a device for supplying oil comprising a wick, a roll comprising alternate layers of close and loose textured fabric wound loosely thereon whereby said wick is capable of a longitudinal movement within said layers, and a metal core for said wick whereon the same is guided in its movement, substantially as described;

18. In lamps for burning liquid hydrocarbons, a device for supplying oil comprising a wick, a layer of fine-grained material surrounding said wick, and a layer of coarsegrained material surrounding said. finegrained material, a perforated tube surrounding said device and the whole inclosed ina tending above the-wick provided with abellmouth and a projecting hood inclosing said wick-tube at a distance therefrom provided with an open top and perforated sides, substantially as described.

14. In lamps for burning liquid hydrocarbons, a device for supplying oil comprising a wick, a layer of blotting-paper surrounding said wick, and a layer of annel surrounding said 'blotting-paper, a perforated tube surrounding said device and the whole inclosed in a suitable casing, an apertured wick-tube extending above thewick provided with a bell-mouth, and a projecting hood inclosing said Wick-tube at a distance therefrom provided with an open top and perforated sides, substantially as described.

15. In lamps for burning liquid hydrocarbons, a device for supplying oil comprising a wick, and a roll comprising alternate layers of fine and coarse grained material surrounding said wick, the whole wound upon a metal core and placed within a suitable inclosing casing, an apertured wick-tube extending above the wick provided with a bell-mouth, and a projecting hood inclosing said wick-tube at a distance therefrom provided with an open top and perforated sides, substantially as described.

16. In lamps for burning liquid hydrocarbons, a wick and burner therefor comprising a wick-tube adapted to surround the upper part of said wick and extend above the top of it, an outwardly-sloping apertured flange forming a bell-mouth at the top end of the wicktube, a hood inclosing said top part of the wick-tube, extending above it, and having an air-passage between the outside of said top part of the wick-tube and the inside of the hood, said hood provided with holes to admit air to the inside thereof, substantially as described.

17. In lamps for burning liquid hydrocarbons, a wick and burner therefor comprising a wick-tube adapted to surround the upper part of said wick and extend above vthe top of it, an outwardly-sloping apertured flange forming a bell-mouth at the top end of the wicktube, an open-topped hood inclosing said top part of the wick-tube,'extending aboveit, and leaving an air-passage between the outside of said top part of the wick-tube and the inside of the hood, said hood provided with holes to admit air to the inside thereof, and a chimney adapted to cause or permit the convergence of air onto the outside of the flame as it rises above the central aperture at the top of the hood, substantially as described.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two witnesses.

IALTER P. WARREN.

Witnesses:

HENRY BIRKBECK, H. D. JAMESON.

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