US7824479B2 - Apparatus and method for air sampling - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for air sampling Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US7824479B2
US7824479B2 US11/865,614 US86561407A US7824479B2 US 7824479 B2 US7824479 B2 US 7824479B2 US 86561407 A US86561407 A US 86561407A US 7824479 B2 US7824479 B2 US 7824479B2
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
air
adsorbent
tube
adsorbent tube
contamination
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related, expires
Application number
US11/865,614
Other versions
US20080202332A1 (en
Inventor
John Arthur Rowley
Derrick Robert Crump
Andrew Charles Dengel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Building Research Establishment Ltd
Original Assignee
Building Research Establishment Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Building Research Establishment Ltd filed Critical Building Research Establishment Ltd
Assigned to BUILDING RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT LTD. reassignment BUILDING RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CRUMP, DERRICK ROBERT, DENGEL, ANDREW CHARLES, ROWLEY, JOHN ARTHUR
Publication of US20080202332A1 publication Critical patent/US20080202332A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US7824479B2 publication Critical patent/US7824479B2/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Adjusted expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/2202—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling
    • G01N1/2214—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling by sorption
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/2273—Atmospheric sampling
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/26—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state with provision for intake from several spaces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
    • G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
    • G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
    • G01N33/0036—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector specially adapted to detect a particular component
    • G01N33/0047—Organic compounds
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/2202—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling
    • G01N1/2205—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling with filters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus and method for air sampling.
  • it relates to an apparatus and method for air sampling in a cabin and/or flight deck of an aircraft
  • the present invention seeks to provide an apparatus and method for collecting particulate matter and chemical pollutants in the air, particularly in the air of an aircraft cabin.
  • an apparatus for air sampling comprising: at least one adsorbent tube; means for isolating the adsorbent tube from contamination; and means for drawing air through the adsorbent tube.
  • the apparatus further comprises means for recording operating data. It may further comprise means for controlling the activation of the means for drawing air through the adsorbent tube.
  • the apparatus may be adapted to be manually actuated when contaminated air is sensed by smell or sight. Alternatively, it may comprise means for sensing air contamination. The apparatus may comprise a processor for receiving information from the sensing means and determining when contamination has occurred.
  • the apparatus comprises means for detecting when the apparatus is airborne.
  • the detecting means may be an altimeter or a pressure transducer.
  • the apparatus may comprise means for controlling when the adsorbent tube is isolated. This control means may also be the means for controlling the activation of the means for drawing air through the adsorbent tube.
  • the adsorbent tube has an inlet and an outlet, these being openable and closeable, wherein the adsorbent tube is isolated when the inlet and outlet are closed.
  • the isolation control means may control the opening and closing of the adsorbent tube.
  • the apparatus comprises means for drawing air into the adsorbent tube.
  • the adsorbent tube is adapted to capture volatile and/or semi-volatile organic compounds.
  • the adsorbent tube may be a stainless steel adsorbent tube containing an appropriate adsorbent.
  • the apparatus comprises a plurality of adsorbent tubes, one or more of these tubes being used sequentially as incidents of contaminated air arise. When an incident arises, a pair of adsorbent tubes may be used.
  • the apparatus further comprises a TEDLAR® bag (a polyvinyl fluoride film made by DuPont) to capture a sample of air.
  • the TEDLAR bag is preferably connected to the adsorbent tube such that air flows from the TEDLAR bag into the adsorbent tube.
  • the apparatus may further comprise a unit comprising polyurethane foam.
  • the unit may also comprise a particle filter.
  • the unit comprises a plurality of air sampling conduits that are used sequentially.
  • the unit may be rotatable.
  • the apparatus is preferably a stand-alone unit. It is therefore able to operate in a self-sufficient way, obviating the need for an operator onboard an aircraft or the need to use power from an aircraft's electrical system.
  • the method preferably comprises, prior to step (a), sensing when the adsorbent tube is airborne.
  • the method may comprise, prior to step (b), passing contaminated air into a TEDLAR bag.
  • the method may further comprise passing contaminated air through polyurethane foam.
  • the method comprises automatically using another adsorbent tube when contaminated air is next detected.
  • the method prior to step (b), the method comprises opening an adsorbent tube. After step (b), the method may comprise closing an adsorbent tube.
  • the apparatus and method of the present invention are preferably for use on an aircraft for sampling cabin air. They can be used to monitor the performance of an aircraft engine, for example by detecting oil leaks and other events that cause air contamination. They can also be used to certify the performance of new or existing systems for monitoring the quality (eg. by detecting contamination) of cabin air.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
  • the apparatus of the present invention is located in an aircraft cabin and comprises a sensor 2 for detecting air contaminants such as ultrafine particles (e.g. smoke) and/or carbon monoxide.
  • the sensor operates when an incident of oil leakage occurs and cabin air is thereby contaminated.
  • ultrafine particle sensors detect particles having a size of less than 1 micrometer.
  • a processor 4 When these particles are detected by a sensor, there is an increase in voltage, and a corresponding electrical signal is sent to a processor 4 .
  • the sensor is set up so that its signal can be recorded by a data logger 6 .
  • a forward light scattering sensor may be used, whereby a laser beam is diffracted by a small angle by the smoke particles.
  • An example is a Stratos-Micra 25 sensor which is available from AirSense Technology Ltd, UK.
  • the Stratos-Micra is an air sampling smoke detector. It has a particle sensitivity range specified of 0.003 to 10 micrometers (although for airborne particles a range of 0.3 to 10 micrometers is more likely).
  • An alternative sensor is an ionisation smoke detector which operates as follows. When a small sample of air is ionised by means of a radioactive substance, the ions allow a small electrical current to flow between two electrodes placed in the sample. If smoke contaminates the air in the sample then the smoke inhibits the movement of the ions and the electrical current decreases.
  • a suitable ionisation smoke detector (Series 65) is available from Apollo Fire Detectors Ltd, UK.
  • Cirrus ProLoctor which is based on a Cloud Chamber Detection principle. It is available from Safe Fire Detection Inc of the USA.
  • TSI P-TrakTM Ultrafine Particle Counter from TSI Incorporated of the USA, which is based on a condensation nucleus counter.
  • the particles are initially passed through a saturated vapour of propanol. This condenses on to them so that they grow to a size sufficiently large for them to scatter light and thus be measured by a focused laser light source and a photo detector.
  • the apparatus of the present invention functions as a stand-alone unit and can be operated by a DC storage battery, for example.
  • the sensor is preferably operational at low power or can be modified to be operational at low power.
  • the apparatus can be connected to the electrical circuitry of an aircraft in which it is located.
  • the air both inside and outside the aircraft can be contaminated by particulate matter and chemical pollutants. This is caused, for example, by refueling of the aircraft or by the engines of adjacent vehicles.
  • the sensor is preferably switched off when the aircraft is on the ground. In one embodiment, the sensor is switched on manually once the aircraft is sufficiently high in the air.
  • means are provided for detecting when the apparatus is airborne. In the present embodiment, this means is a pressure transducer 8 , although an altimeter could also be used, for example.
  • the senor is activated on the ground and the processor 4 monitors the output of the sensor and is able to detect, by tracing the ultrafine particles detected by the sensor, when the aircraft has left the ground.
  • the levels of ultrafine particles detected by the sensor decrease when the aircraft is airborne since the aircraft is away from the contaminated air near the ground; the ultrafine particle level only increases for a minute or so when an incident of oil leakage, and therefore air contamination, occurs.
  • no sensor is required. Instead the apparatus relies on someone within the cabin smelling or seeing smoke and switching on a control unit 10 using a manual trigger 12 .
  • the processor 4 When running in automatic mode, the processor 4 contains a small circuit which monitors the output from the sensor and determines when an incident of air contamination has occurred. This information is passed electronically to the control unit 10 .
  • the control unit opens an inlet valve 14 and an outlet valve 16 of an adsorbent tube 18 . It therefore opens and closes the adsorbent tube. It also switches on a pump 20 for drawing air through the adsorbent tube.
  • the control unit controls the sequencing and sampling: it regulates the taking of samples and the use of the adsorbent tubes.
  • the control unit records the sampling time, i.e. the time when the adsorbent tube is open, by recording, for example, when sampling starts and its duration. It also monitors how many tubes have been used and therefore when they need replacing.
  • Inlet tubing 22 is used to transfer the cabin air into the apparatus.
  • a fan 24 may be used to draw the air into the system via the inlet tubing.
  • the apparatus of the present invention comprises five adsorbent tubes, although fewer than five tubes, or more than five tubes, may be used instead.
  • One end of each adsorbent tube is connected to the inlet valve 14 .
  • the inlet valve is connected to the inlet tubing 22 .
  • the inlet valve isolates the apparatus from the cabin air until air contamination is detected and an air sample needs to be drawn through the tube.
  • the inlet valve is chosen so as not to absorb or otherwise remove the ultrafine particles and/or chemical pollutants in the air that require collection.
  • the valve is also inert to these ultrafine particles/chemical pollutants.
  • the inlet valve 14 may be a solenoid valve.
  • a suitable solenoid valve is manufactured by Burkert Contromatic Limited of UK (e.g. item number 137754W). It is a 2/2-way valve, normally closed, which has an NPT (national pipe thread size) 1 ⁇ 8 fitting and a PVDF (polyvinylidine di-fluoride) valve body.
  • the inlet valve is connected to a stainless steel adsorbent tube, which is normally closed to the environment using its inlet valve 14 and outlet valve 16 .
  • Suitable adsorbent tubes are available from PerkinElmer, Inc of the USA or Markes International of the UK, for example.
  • the inside of the tube contains suitable sorbent material to capture volatile organic compounds and semi-volatile organic compounds.
  • a sample of contaminated air arising from an incident of oil leakage, for example passes through a single adsorbent tube.
  • samples of contaminated air pass through a pair of adsorbent tubes such that the particles and compounds captured by one tube can be experimentally confirmed by the particles and compounds captured by the other tube.
  • the remote end of each adsorbent tube is attached to the outlet valve 16 which is again selected so as to be inert. A high flow rate of air through these adsorbent tubes is possible.
  • Air for sampling is drawn through the adsorbent tube(s) and the valves using pump 20 .
  • the pump is connected to the adsorbent tubes using connecting tubes 26 .
  • the pump is a conventional air sampling pump; it operates under the varying pressure of a cabin environment.
  • a flow meter 28 is present to monitor the working of the pump and, if necessary, a flow smoother 30 is used.
  • inlet valve 14 and outlet valve 16 other means for isolating the adsorbent tube from contamination, in particular air-borne contamination, may be used.
  • a diffusion limiting cap can be used in place of inlet valve 14 to prevent ingress of contaminants when sampling is not occurring.
  • a suitable diffusion limiting cap is manufactured by Markes International under the name Safelok.
  • the adsorbent tubes could also be contained within a carousel mechanism such that the tubes are sealed against a metal plate when not in use. When required, the carousel would rotate to position an adsorbent tube such that the airflow from the inlet tubing 22 to the connecting tubing 26 flowed through the adsorbent tube.
  • the volume of air sampled is known, such that the concentration of collected compounds in the air sample can be calculated.
  • the flow meter is useful in determining the sampling volume since it sets a time and rate for the pump.
  • the data logger records information as necessary when the unit is operational.
  • FIG. 1 The electrical connections required between the different units of the apparatus are shown schematically in FIG. 1 .
  • a voltage increase originating from the sensor when air contaminants are detected triggers the apparatus into an ‘alarm’ state.
  • a blank sample may be collected: i.e. a sample of uncontaminated cabin air for reference purposes.
  • cabin air is drawn into an adsorbent tube such that organic compounds contained in the air sample can be collected by the adsorbent tube.
  • the apparatus switches into rest mode awaiting a further incident.
  • the control unit ensures that an unused adsorbent tube is used to collect the next sample of contaminated air.
  • the control unit registers when all the adsorbent tubes have been used to collect air samples. A signal can then be generated to alert users to the fact that the adsorbent tubes require replacing.
  • the apparatus is designed as a stand-alone discrete unit. It is preferably designed so that people within the cabin are not aware of its purpose or even its presence.
  • the apparatus is designed for quick sampling since the air may only be contaminated for a minute or so.
  • FIG. 2 alternative apparatus for detecting and sampling contaminated air is shown schematically.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 2 comprises a sensor 2 , a pressure transducer 8 , a processor 4 , a manual trigger 12 and a control unit 10 . It also has a pump 20 for drawing air through adsorbent tubes 32 . A series of adsorbent tubes 32 is used, in accordance with the first embodiment described.
  • the apparatus of FIG. 2 also comprises a TEDLAR® Bag 34 , available from companies such as SKC Ltd, that is able to collect a large volume of air in a short period of time. Air from the TEDLAR bag is passed via tubing 40 to one or more adsorbent tubes, generally at a slower flow rate.
  • a TEDLAR® Bag 34 available from companies such as SKC Ltd, that is able to collect a large volume of air in a short period of time. Air from the TEDLAR bag is passed via tubing 40 to one or more adsorbent tubes, generally at a slower flow rate.
  • the apparatus includes a filtering unit 36 .
  • the unit shown is cylindrical in shape and is adapted to rotate in direction A about a central, longitudinal axis.
  • the unit shown has five isolated conduits or tubes 38 , each being cylindrical in shape and having their longitudinal axes parallel to the axis of the filtering unit.
  • Each tube 38 is manufactured from a material that will not interfere with the collection of semi-volatile organic compounds, such materials including aluminium alloy and stainless steel.
  • the tubes are of a suitable diameter and length to hold a 65 mm diameter polyurethane foam plug for the collection of semi-volatile organic compounds such as that described in US Environmental Protection Agency method TO-4A.
  • each filtering unit tube has a quartz or glass fibre filter on its front face to trap ultrafine particles in the air. Valves are used to isolate the filtering unit tube from environmental air, thereby keeping the polyurethane foam uncontaminated until a polluted air sample passes therethrough.
  • One sample of air is collected by a single filtering unit tube each time an incident of oil leakage occurs.
  • semi-volatile organic compounds can be collected as a result of five separate incidents, although this can be increased or decreased to any required number by increasing or decreasing the number of tubes 38 accordingly.
  • the filtering unit rotates about its central axis so that one tube is usable after another.
  • Inlet tubing 22 is used to transfer the cabin air into the apparatus.
  • a fan 24 is used to draw the air into the system via the inlet tubing. This provides sufficient back pressure for the air to inflate a TEDLAR bag over the period of time that the fan is in operation.
  • the air drawn into the apparatus is divided at a T-junction in the tubing. Some of the air flows, via tubing aligned with the relevant filtering unit tube, into a tube 38 of the filtering unit 36 .
  • the polyurethane foam in the tube absorbs the semi-volatile organic compounds from the air sample.
  • the rest of the cabin air passes along an alternative route through a valve 42 into a TEDLAR bag.
  • This bag collects a large volume of air in a short time.
  • the valve 42 is closed and the pump 20 draws the air from the TEDLAR bag through the appropriate adsorbent tube.
  • the valve is by-passed to fully deflate the TEDLAR bag.
  • the pump 20 draws the air out of the TEDLAR bag and into the adsorbent tube at a relatively low flow rate, as appropriate for the adsorbent tube.
  • the rate of the pump and the time for which it is operational is monitored so that the volume of air passing through the tube can be determined.
  • a TEDLAR bag Preferably, once a TEDLAR bag has been used, it can either be cleaned by flushing it with nitrogen or it may form one of a series of TEDLAR bags, such that, once one TEDLAR bag has been used, a clean one is aligned for subsequent use.
  • the adsorbent tubes 32 are used in the same way as described above in relation to the first embodiment of the invention.
  • a separate TEDLAR bag is connected to a single tube or a pair of tubes, depending on whether an air sample relating to one incident is collected by a single tube or a pair of tubes.
  • the apparatus is constructed to sample contaminated air on five separate occasions. It will be appreciated that the apparatus can be adapted to take air samples on less than five occasions or more than five occasions.
  • the maximum number of occasions in which air samples can be taken is dictated by the number of adsorbent tubes available, since at least one adsorbent tube is required for each new incident of air contamination.
  • a plurality of adsorbent tubes are present which are used sequentially as incidents arise.
  • the tubes can be taken away for analysis of their contents to confirm that there is a problem of oil leakage.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)

Abstract

An apparatus for sampling air in an aircraft cabin comprises: a sensor 2 for detecting air contaminants, a processor 4, a data logger 6, means 8 for detecting when the apparatus is airborne, a control unit 10, a manual trigger 12, at least one adsorbent tube 18, valves 14, 16 or other means for isolating the adsorbent tube from contamination and a pump 20 for drawing air through the adsorbent tube. An alternative apparatus uses a Tedlar® bag. Methods of sampling air and uses of the apparatus are also disclosed.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)
This application claims priority of British Patent Application Number GB 0703766.6, filed on Feb. 27, 2007.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for air sampling. In particular, it relates to an apparatus and method for air sampling in a cabin and/or flight deck of an aircraft
DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART
When airborne, air for the cabin of an aircraft is drawn from the engine compressors of the aircraft. Occasionally, an incident occurs whereby there is a leakage of oil or hydraulic fluid. For example, a seal may leak and engine oil escapes. As a consequence of the high temperature and high pressure in the engine environment, escaped engine oil or its decomposition products may be introduced to the aircraft cabin. These processes can produce, amongst others, airborne semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The semi-volatile organic compounds can include organophosphates.
SUMMARY
The present invention seeks to provide an apparatus and method for collecting particulate matter and chemical pollutants in the air, particularly in the air of an aircraft cabin.
According to the present invention there is provided an apparatus for air sampling comprising: at least one adsorbent tube; means for isolating the adsorbent tube from contamination; and means for drawing air through the adsorbent tube.
Preferably the apparatus further comprises means for recording operating data. It may further comprise means for controlling the activation of the means for drawing air through the adsorbent tube.
The apparatus may be adapted to be manually actuated when contaminated air is sensed by smell or sight. Alternatively, it may comprise means for sensing air contamination. The apparatus may comprise a processor for receiving information from the sensing means and determining when contamination has occurred.
Preferably, the apparatus comprises means for detecting when the apparatus is airborne. The detecting means may be an altimeter or a pressure transducer.
The apparatus may comprise means for controlling when the adsorbent tube is isolated. This control means may also be the means for controlling the activation of the means for drawing air through the adsorbent tube.
In one embodiment, the adsorbent tube has an inlet and an outlet, these being openable and closeable, wherein the adsorbent tube is isolated when the inlet and outlet are closed. The isolation control means may control the opening and closing of the adsorbent tube.
Preferably the apparatus comprises means for drawing air into the adsorbent tube.
Preferably, the adsorbent tube is adapted to capture volatile and/or semi-volatile organic compounds. The adsorbent tube may be a stainless steel adsorbent tube containing an appropriate adsorbent. Preferably, the apparatus comprises a plurality of adsorbent tubes, one or more of these tubes being used sequentially as incidents of contaminated air arise. When an incident arises, a pair of adsorbent tubes may be used.
In one embodiment, the apparatus further comprises a TEDLAR® bag (a polyvinyl fluoride film made by DuPont) to capture a sample of air. The TEDLAR bag is preferably connected to the adsorbent tube such that air flows from the TEDLAR bag into the adsorbent tube.
The apparatus may further comprise a unit comprising polyurethane foam. The unit may also comprise a particle filter. Preferably, the unit comprises a plurality of air sampling conduits that are used sequentially. The unit may be rotatable.
The apparatus is preferably a stand-alone unit. It is therefore able to operate in a self-sufficient way, obviating the need for an operator onboard an aircraft or the need to use power from an aircraft's electrical system.
According to the present invention, there is also provided a method of sampling air comprising the following steps:
    • a) detecting contamination of the air;
    • b) passing contaminated air through an adsorbent tube; and
    • c) recording the time that air passes through the adsorbent tube.
The method preferably comprises, prior to step (a), sensing when the adsorbent tube is airborne.
The method may comprise, prior to step (b), passing contaminated air into a TEDLAR bag.
The method may further comprise passing contaminated air through polyurethane foam.
Preferably, the method comprises automatically using another adsorbent tube when contaminated air is next detected.
In one embodiment, prior to step (b), the method comprises opening an adsorbent tube. After step (b), the method may comprise closing an adsorbent tube.
The apparatus and method of the present invention are preferably for use on an aircraft for sampling cabin air. They can be used to monitor the performance of an aircraft engine, for example by detecting oil leaks and other events that cause air contamination. They can also be used to certify the performance of new or existing systems for monitoring the quality (eg. by detecting contamination) of cabin air.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
 DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring to FIG. 1, the apparatus of the present invention is located in an aircraft cabin and comprises a sensor 2 for detecting air contaminants such as ultrafine particles (e.g. smoke) and/or carbon monoxide. The sensor operates when an incident of oil leakage occurs and cabin air is thereby contaminated. As an example, ultrafine particle sensors detect particles having a size of less than 1 micrometer. Generally, when these particles are detected by a sensor, there is an increase in voltage, and a corresponding electrical signal is sent to a processor 4. The sensor is set up so that its signal can be recorded by a data logger 6.
A forward light scattering sensor may be used, whereby a laser beam is diffracted by a small angle by the smoke particles. An example is a Stratos-Micra 25 sensor which is available from AirSense Technology Ltd, UK. The Stratos-Micra is an air sampling smoke detector. It has a particle sensitivity range specified of 0.003 to 10 micrometers (although for airborne particles a range of 0.3 to 10 micrometers is more likely).
An alternative sensor is an ionisation smoke detector which operates as follows. When a small sample of air is ionised by means of a radioactive substance, the ions allow a small electrical current to flow between two electrodes placed in the sample. If smoke contaminates the air in the sample then the smoke inhibits the movement of the ions and the electrical current decreases. A suitable ionisation smoke detector (Series 65) is available from Apollo Fire Detectors Ltd, UK.
Another suitable sensor is a Cirrus ProLoctor which is based on a Cloud Chamber Detection principle. It is available from Safe Fire Detection Inc of the USA.
Another alternative is a TSI P-Trak™ Ultrafine Particle Counter from TSI Incorporated of the USA, which is based on a condensation nucleus counter. Here the particles are initially passed through a saturated vapour of propanol. This condenses on to them so that they grow to a size sufficiently large for them to scatter light and thus be measured by a focused laser light source and a photo detector.
Preferably, the apparatus of the present invention functions as a stand-alone unit and can be operated by a DC storage battery, for example. Thus, the sensor is preferably operational at low power or can be modified to be operational at low power. As an alternative to being a stand-alone unit, the apparatus can be connected to the electrical circuitry of an aircraft in which it is located.
When an aircraft is on the ground, the air both inside and outside the aircraft can be contaminated by particulate matter and chemical pollutants. This is caused, for example, by refueling of the aircraft or by the engines of adjacent vehicles. Thus, the sensor is preferably switched off when the aircraft is on the ground. In one embodiment, the sensor is switched on manually once the aircraft is sufficiently high in the air. However, in a preferred embodiment, means are provided for detecting when the apparatus is airborne. In the present embodiment, this means is a pressure transducer 8, although an altimeter could also be used, for example.
In an alternative embodiment, the sensor is activated on the ground and the processor 4 monitors the output of the sensor and is able to detect, by tracing the ultrafine particles detected by the sensor, when the aircraft has left the ground. In this respect, the levels of ultrafine particles detected by the sensor decrease when the aircraft is airborne since the aircraft is away from the contaminated air near the ground; the ultrafine particle level only increases for a minute or so when an incident of oil leakage, and therefore air contamination, occurs.
In one embodiment, no sensor is required. Instead the apparatus relies on someone within the cabin smelling or seeing smoke and switching on a control unit 10 using a manual trigger 12.
When running in automatic mode, the processor 4 contains a small circuit which monitors the output from the sensor and determines when an incident of air contamination has occurred. This information is passed electronically to the control unit 10. The control unit opens an inlet valve 14 and an outlet valve 16 of an adsorbent tube 18. It therefore opens and closes the adsorbent tube. It also switches on a pump 20 for drawing air through the adsorbent tube. The control unit controls the sequencing and sampling: it regulates the taking of samples and the use of the adsorbent tubes. The control unit records the sampling time, i.e. the time when the adsorbent tube is open, by recording, for example, when sampling starts and its duration. It also monitors how many tubes have been used and therefore when they need replacing.
When an incident of air contamination arises, this is detected, preferably by the sensor, and the control unit effects the drawing of air into the apparatus of the present invention from the cabin. Inlet tubing 22 is used to transfer the cabin air into the apparatus. A fan 24 may be used to draw the air into the system via the inlet tubing.
The apparatus of the present invention comprises five adsorbent tubes, although fewer than five tubes, or more than five tubes, may be used instead. One end of each adsorbent tube is connected to the inlet valve 14. The inlet valve is connected to the inlet tubing 22. The inlet valve isolates the apparatus from the cabin air until air contamination is detected and an air sample needs to be drawn through the tube. The inlet valve is chosen so as not to absorb or otherwise remove the ultrafine particles and/or chemical pollutants in the air that require collection. The valve is also inert to these ultrafine particles/chemical pollutants.
The inlet valve 14 may be a solenoid valve. A suitable solenoid valve is manufactured by Burkert Contromatic Limited of UK (e.g. item number 137754W). It is a 2/2-way valve, normally closed, which has an NPT (national pipe thread size) ⅛ fitting and a PVDF (polyvinylidine di-fluoride) valve body.
The inlet valve is connected to a stainless steel adsorbent tube, which is normally closed to the environment using its inlet valve 14 and outlet valve 16. Suitable adsorbent tubes are available from PerkinElmer, Inc of the USA or Markes International of the UK, for example. The inside of the tube contains suitable sorbent material to capture volatile organic compounds and semi-volatile organic compounds. A sample of contaminated air arising from an incident of oil leakage, for example, passes through a single adsorbent tube. Alternatively, when an incident of oil leakage occurs, samples of contaminated air pass through a pair of adsorbent tubes such that the particles and compounds captured by one tube can be experimentally confirmed by the particles and compounds captured by the other tube. The remote end of each adsorbent tube is attached to the outlet valve 16 which is again selected so as to be inert. A high flow rate of air through these adsorbent tubes is possible.
Air for sampling is drawn through the adsorbent tube(s) and the valves using pump 20. The pump is connected to the adsorbent tubes using connecting tubes 26. The pump is a conventional air sampling pump; it operates under the varying pressure of a cabin environment. Preferably, a flow meter 28 is present to monitor the working of the pump and, if necessary, a flow smoother 30 is used.
As alternatives to inlet valve 14 and outlet valve 16, other means for isolating the adsorbent tube from contamination, in particular air-borne contamination, may be used. For example, a diffusion limiting cap can be used in place of inlet valve 14 to prevent ingress of contaminants when sampling is not occurring. A suitable diffusion limiting cap is manufactured by Markes International under the name Safelok. The adsorbent tubes could also be contained within a carousel mechanism such that the tubes are sealed against a metal plate when not in use. When required, the carousel would rotate to position an adsorbent tube such that the airflow from the inlet tubing 22 to the connecting tubing 26 flowed through the adsorbent tube.
From the data recorded by the apparatus, the volume of air sampled is known, such that the concentration of collected compounds in the air sample can be calculated. The flow meter is useful in determining the sampling volume since it sets a time and rate for the pump.
The data logger records information as necessary when the unit is operational.
The electrical connections required between the different units of the apparatus are shown schematically in FIG. 1. A voltage increase originating from the sensor when air contaminants are detected triggers the apparatus into an ‘alarm’ state.
In operation, a blank sample may be collected: i.e. a sample of uncontaminated cabin air for reference purposes.
Once the aircraft is airborne and the sensor detects ultrafine particles and/or carbon monoxide, cabin air is drawn into an adsorbent tube such that organic compounds contained in the air sample can be collected by the adsorbent tube. After a preset time, the apparatus switches into rest mode awaiting a further incident. When a further incident arises, the control unit ensures that an unused adsorbent tube is used to collect the next sample of contaminated air. The control unit, registers when all the adsorbent tubes have been used to collect air samples. A signal can then be generated to alert users to the fact that the adsorbent tubes require replacing.
The apparatus is designed as a stand-alone discrete unit. It is preferably designed so that people within the cabin are not aware of its purpose or even its presence. The apparatus is designed for quick sampling since the air may only be contaminated for a minute or so.
Referring to FIG. 2, alternative apparatus for detecting and sampling contaminated air is shown schematically. In accordance with the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the embodiment of FIG. 2 comprises a sensor 2, a pressure transducer 8, a processor 4, a manual trigger 12 and a control unit 10. It also has a pump 20 for drawing air through adsorbent tubes 32. A series of adsorbent tubes 32 is used, in accordance with the first embodiment described.
The apparatus of FIG. 2 also comprises a TEDLAR® Bag 34, available from companies such as SKC Ltd, that is able to collect a large volume of air in a short period of time. Air from the TEDLAR bag is passed via tubing 40 to one or more adsorbent tubes, generally at a slower flow rate.
The apparatus includes a filtering unit 36. The unit shown is cylindrical in shape and is adapted to rotate in direction A about a central, longitudinal axis. The unit shown has five isolated conduits or tubes 38, each being cylindrical in shape and having their longitudinal axes parallel to the axis of the filtering unit. Each tube 38 is manufactured from a material that will not interfere with the collection of semi-volatile organic compounds, such materials including aluminium alloy and stainless steel. The tubes are of a suitable diameter and length to hold a 65 mm diameter polyurethane foam plug for the collection of semi-volatile organic compounds such as that described in US Environmental Protection Agency method TO-4A.
In one embodiment the front of each filtering unit tube has a quartz or glass fibre filter on its front face to trap ultrafine particles in the air. Valves are used to isolate the filtering unit tube from environmental air, thereby keeping the polyurethane foam uncontaminated until a polluted air sample passes therethrough.
One sample of air is collected by a single filtering unit tube each time an incident of oil leakage occurs. Thus, in the filtering unit shown, semi-volatile organic compounds can be collected as a result of five separate incidents, although this can be increased or decreased to any required number by increasing or decreasing the number of tubes 38 accordingly. The filtering unit rotates about its central axis so that one tube is usable after another.
When an incident of air contamination arises, air is drawn into the apparatus of FIG. 2 from the cabin. Inlet tubing 22 is used to transfer the cabin air into the apparatus. A fan 24 is used to draw the air into the system via the inlet tubing. This provides sufficient back pressure for the air to inflate a TEDLAR bag over the period of time that the fan is in operation.
The air drawn into the apparatus is divided at a T-junction in the tubing. Some of the air flows, via tubing aligned with the relevant filtering unit tube, into a tube 38 of the filtering unit 36. The polyurethane foam in the tube absorbs the semi-volatile organic compounds from the air sample.
The rest of the cabin air passes along an alternative route through a valve 42 into a TEDLAR bag. This bag collects a large volume of air in a short time. After a preset time, the valve 42 is closed and the pump 20 draws the air from the TEDLAR bag through the appropriate adsorbent tube. Once a sufficient volume of air has passed through the adsorbent tube, the valve is by-passed to fully deflate the TEDLAR bag. The pump 20 draws the air out of the TEDLAR bag and into the adsorbent tube at a relatively low flow rate, as appropriate for the adsorbent tube. The rate of the pump and the time for which it is operational is monitored so that the volume of air passing through the tube can be determined.
Preferably, once a TEDLAR bag has been used, it can either be cleaned by flushing it with nitrogen or it may form one of a series of TEDLAR bags, such that, once one TEDLAR bag has been used, a clean one is aligned for subsequent use. The adsorbent tubes 32 are used in the same way as described above in relation to the first embodiment of the invention. In one embodiment, a separate TEDLAR bag is connected to a single tube or a pair of tubes, depending on whether an air sample relating to one incident is collected by a single tube or a pair of tubes.
In the embodiments described, the apparatus is constructed to sample contaminated air on five separate occasions. It will be appreciated that the apparatus can be adapted to take air samples on less than five occasions or more than five occasions. The maximum number of occasions in which air samples can be taken is dictated by the number of adsorbent tubes available, since at least one adsorbent tube is required for each new incident of air contamination. Preferably, a plurality of adsorbent tubes are present which are used sequentially as incidents arise.
Once the adsorbent tubes have been used to absorb the semi-volatile and volatile organic compounds arising from an incident, the tubes can be taken away for analysis of their contents to confirm that there is a problem of oil leakage.

Claims (20)

1. An apparatus for air sampling comprising:
at least one adsorbent tube;
means for isolating the adsorbent tube from contamination;
means for sensing air contamination;
a processor for receiving information from the sensing means and determining when contamination has occurred;
means for drawing air through the adsorbent tube upon the processor determining that contamination has occurred; and
means for detecting when the apparatus is airborne and initiating the means for drawing air through the adsorbent tube upon determining that the apparatus is airborne.
2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising means for recording operating data.
3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising means for controlling the activation of the means for drawing air through the adsorbent tube.
4. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, which is adapted to be manually actuated when contaminated air is sensed by smell or sight.
5. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the detecting means is an altimeter or a pressure transducer.
6. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising means for controlling when the adsorbent tube is isolated.
7. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the adsorbent tube has an inlet and an outlet, these being openable and closeable, wherein the adsorbent tube is isolated when the inlet and outlet are closed.
8. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising means for drawing air into the adsorbent tube.
9. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the adsorbent tube is adapted to capture volatile and/or semi-volatile organic compounds.
10. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a bag made of polyvinyl fluoride film to capture a sample of air.
11. Apparatus as claimed in claim 10, wherein the bag is connected to the adsorbent tube such that air flows from the bag into the adsorbent tube.
12. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a filtering unit through which a sample of air is drawn.
13. Apparatus as claimed in claim 12, wherein the filtering unit comprises a polyurethane foam plug.
14. Apparatus as claimed in claim 12, wherein the filtering unit comprises a plurality of air sampling conduits that are used sequentially.
15. Apparatus as claimed in claim 14, wherein the filtering unit is rotatable.
16. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the adsorbent tube is a stainless steel adsorbent tube containing an appropriate adsorbent.
17. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 comprising a plurality of adsorbent tubes, one or more of these tubes being used sequentially as incidents of contaminated air arise.
18. Apparatus as claimed in claim 17, wherein when an incident arises, a pair of adsorbent tubes is used.
19. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 that is a stand-alone unit.
20. A method of using the apparatus as claimed in claim 1 on an aircraft for sampling cabin air, the method comprising:
initiating operation of the sensing means upon the detecting means detecting that the apparatus is airborne; and
drawing air through the adsorbent tube upon the processor determining that contamination has occurred.
US11/865,614 2007-02-27 2007-10-01 Apparatus and method for air sampling Expired - Fee Related US7824479B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0703766.6 2007-02-27
GB0703766A GB2447042B (en) 2007-02-27 2007-02-27 Apparatus and method for air sampling

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20080202332A1 US20080202332A1 (en) 2008-08-28
US7824479B2 true US7824479B2 (en) 2010-11-02

Family

ID=37945790

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/865,614 Expired - Fee Related US7824479B2 (en) 2007-02-27 2007-10-01 Apparatus and method for air sampling

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US7824479B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1975591A3 (en)
GB (1) GB2447042B (en)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130030718A1 (en) * 2011-07-25 2013-01-31 Andrew Williams Apparatus and method for air monitoring
US20160214723A1 (en) * 2015-01-27 2016-07-28 Honeywell International Inc. Aircraft environmental control system that optimizes the proportion of outside air from engines, apu's, ground air sources and the recirculated cabin air to maintain occupant comfort and maximize fuel economy
EP3176089A1 (en) 2015-12-02 2017-06-07 Airbus Operations GmbH A cabin air control system for an aircraft
US9776725B2 (en) 2015-01-27 2017-10-03 Honeywell International Inc. Human factors approach to control contaminant concentrations in aircraft supply air from engine and APU bleed air and ground air sources, and in recirculated air being delivered to aircraft cabins for the optimization of user experience and energy consumption
US9884281B2 (en) 2015-09-18 2018-02-06 Honeywell International Inc. Method to use ultrafine particulate matter detection and measurement to control air supply system contaminant delivery to the aircraft cabin environment
EP3299809A1 (en) * 2016-09-22 2018-03-28 Airbus Operations GmbH A system and a method for detecting low concentrations of specific chemical compounds in the air of an aircraft cabin
RU2717458C1 (en) * 2019-06-27 2020-03-23 Акционерное общество "Лётно-исследовательский институт имени М.М. Громова" Device for automatic sampling of air for further analysis for content of weakly adsorbable gases in cabin of aircraft and from aircraft gas turbine engines
WO2020240138A1 (en) 2019-05-31 2020-12-03 Covarians Device for collecting aerosols and/or particles and method for analysing air quality employing this device
US20220252486A1 (en) * 2019-12-24 2022-08-11 Taesung Environmental Research Institute Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus for collecting odor
WO2023000093A1 (en) 2021-07-20 2023-01-26 Atomic Energy Of Canada Limited/ Énergie Atomique Du Canada Limitée Portable system for monitoring airborne radionuclides

Families Citing this family (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9622673B2 (en) * 2007-12-14 2017-04-18 Siemens Healthcare Gmbh System for determining electrical status of patient attached leads
TWM354151U (en) * 2008-08-01 2009-04-01 Iner Aec Executive Yuan System for analyzing/inspecting airborne radioactive particles sampled in a draft flue
FR2963676B1 (en) * 2010-08-05 2012-09-28 Veolia Water Solutions & Tech DEVICE FOR SAMPLING AN AMBIENT AIR BULB
AU2013332261A1 (en) * 2012-10-16 2015-04-16 Garrett Thermal Systems Limited Addressability in particle detection
ITPZ20130003A1 (en) * 2013-03-14 2014-09-15 Ct Studi S R L SYSTEM FOR DETERMINATION AND MONITORING OF POLLUTION LEVEL DUE TO CATALYABLE PHOTO AGENTS BY ACTIVE NANOTECHNOLOGY IN A DELIMITED AREA.
CN104502244A (en) * 2014-12-29 2015-04-08 上海创塔电子科技有限公司 Automatic switching device
CN105606772A (en) * 2016-02-02 2016-05-25 连云港岚宝电子科技有限公司 Portable air detection device and detection method
CN105890937A (en) * 2016-06-23 2016-08-24 郑州国锐科技有限公司 Granary sampling detection system
EP3323728B1 (en) * 2016-11-21 2019-01-02 Airbus Operations GmbH System and method for determining the origin of an oil leakage in an air supply system
CN106814011A (en) * 2016-12-26 2017-06-09 浙江海洋大学 It is a kind of to determine the device and method that foam generates boundary in porous media
CN107300489A (en) * 2017-06-15 2017-10-27 中国科学院大气物理研究所 Adsorption tube automatic sampling apparatus
CN108896354A (en) * 2018-05-03 2018-11-27 合肥光博量子科技有限公司 A kind of sampling apparatus for atmospheric particulate matter for traveling observation vehicle
WO2019227237A1 (en) * 2018-06-01 2019-12-05 4031202 Canada Inc. Air quality improvement for pressurized aircraft
CN110108841B (en) * 2019-05-10 2021-11-02 安庆师范大学 An automatic detection device for industrial waste gas
US11893834B2 (en) * 2021-01-27 2024-02-06 Honeywell International Inc. Supply air contamination detection
CN113240852A (en) * 2021-05-25 2021-08-10 仓鼠科技(北京)有限公司 Unpowered self-service vending equipment
CN116482297A (en) * 2022-01-17 2023-07-25 霍尼韦尔国际公司 Gas Detection Devices with Integrated Flow Conditioning Components
KR102611357B1 (en) * 2023-01-26 2023-12-06 김태근 A Remote Capturing Device According to an Odor Monitoring and a Weather Condition

Citations (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB847104A (en) 1957-03-13 1960-09-07 Kidde Walter Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to smoke detection equipment
US3710557A (en) 1972-03-17 1973-01-16 Atomic Energy Commission Air sampling device
US4569253A (en) 1983-09-30 1986-02-11 Mazda Motor Corporation Kickdown control for a motor vehicle automatic transmission with two stage kickdown
US4584887A (en) 1984-10-10 1986-04-29 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics & Space Administration Solid sorbent air sampler
US4765193A (en) 1987-06-08 1988-08-23 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Oxygen system analyzer
US4786472A (en) 1986-08-21 1988-11-22 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Air sampling device
CA1250359A (en) 1985-02-22 1989-02-21 George F. Stevenson Flueric partial pressure sensor
US4869117A (en) 1988-04-22 1989-09-26 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence "Polymer packed minitube vapor sampling system"
US5047073A (en) 1990-02-27 1991-09-10 Transducer Research, Inc. Sorption separation apparatus and methods
US6244117B1 (en) 1998-10-26 2001-06-12 Eat Corporation Means for trapping contaminants contained in a gas
US6477906B1 (en) 1999-03-02 2002-11-12 Roger Peterson Family Limited Automatic multi-sorbent tube air sampler
US20030067393A1 (en) 2001-10-05 2003-04-10 Albro Thomas G. Method and apparatus for the collection of near real time confirmation samples
US6632268B2 (en) * 2001-02-08 2003-10-14 Oakland University Method and apparatus for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography
US20050183575A1 (en) 2004-02-25 2005-08-25 Fox Richard B. Adapter for low volume air sampler
US20050210957A1 (en) * 2004-03-04 2005-09-29 Andrew Tipler Methods and systems for characterizing a sorbent tube
WO2006062906A1 (en) 2004-12-07 2006-06-15 Griffin Analytical Technologies Apparatus and method for mobile collection of atmospheric sample for chemical analysis
US7264648B1 (en) * 2003-06-19 2007-09-04 Applied Filter Technology, Inc. Removing siloxanes from a gas using a segmented filtration system customized to the gas composition

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4569235A (en) * 1984-04-25 1986-02-11 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Portable, sequential air sampler
US5404763A (en) * 1993-07-08 1995-04-11 The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Energy Polyport atmospheric gas sampler
GB0106087D0 (en) * 2001-03-13 2001-05-02 Secr Defence Gas sampler
US7159475B2 (en) * 2004-02-27 2007-01-09 Honeywell International, Inc. Apparatus and method of sampling semivolatile compounds

Patent Citations (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB847104A (en) 1957-03-13 1960-09-07 Kidde Walter Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to smoke detection equipment
US3710557A (en) 1972-03-17 1973-01-16 Atomic Energy Commission Air sampling device
US4569253A (en) 1983-09-30 1986-02-11 Mazda Motor Corporation Kickdown control for a motor vehicle automatic transmission with two stage kickdown
US4584887A (en) 1984-10-10 1986-04-29 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics & Space Administration Solid sorbent air sampler
CA1250359A (en) 1985-02-22 1989-02-21 George F. Stevenson Flueric partial pressure sensor
US4786472A (en) 1986-08-21 1988-11-22 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Air sampling device
US4765193A (en) 1987-06-08 1988-08-23 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Oxygen system analyzer
US4869117A (en) 1988-04-22 1989-09-26 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence "Polymer packed minitube vapor sampling system"
US5047073A (en) 1990-02-27 1991-09-10 Transducer Research, Inc. Sorption separation apparatus and methods
US6244117B1 (en) 1998-10-26 2001-06-12 Eat Corporation Means for trapping contaminants contained in a gas
US6477906B1 (en) 1999-03-02 2002-11-12 Roger Peterson Family Limited Automatic multi-sorbent tube air sampler
US6632268B2 (en) * 2001-02-08 2003-10-14 Oakland University Method and apparatus for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography
US20030067393A1 (en) 2001-10-05 2003-04-10 Albro Thomas G. Method and apparatus for the collection of near real time confirmation samples
US7264648B1 (en) * 2003-06-19 2007-09-04 Applied Filter Technology, Inc. Removing siloxanes from a gas using a segmented filtration system customized to the gas composition
US20050183575A1 (en) 2004-02-25 2005-08-25 Fox Richard B. Adapter for low volume air sampler
US7122065B2 (en) * 2004-02-25 2006-10-17 Honeywell International, Inc. Adapter for low volume air sampler
US20050210957A1 (en) * 2004-03-04 2005-09-29 Andrew Tipler Methods and systems for characterizing a sorbent tube
WO2006062906A1 (en) 2004-12-07 2006-06-15 Griffin Analytical Technologies Apparatus and method for mobile collection of atmospheric sample for chemical analysis
US20080229805A1 (en) * 2004-12-07 2008-09-25 Dennis Barket Apparatus and Method for Mobile Collection of Atmospheric Sample for Chemical Analysis

Non-Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Bre, Standalone capture device for measuring transient incidents on board aircraft, Jun. 2, 2006, 2 pgs.
British Search Report, dated Jun. 14, 2007, corresponding to GB 0703766.6.
Department of Health, Committee on Toxicity, Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment (non-food)-COT, Jun. 20, 2006, 3 pgs.
Department of Health, Committee on Toxicity, Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment (non-food)—COT, Jun. 20, 2006, 3 pgs.
Draft Paper for Discussion, Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food Consumer Products and the Environment (COT), TOX/2006/21, 33 pgs.
UK Search Report, dated Jan. 29, 2008, corresponding to priority application No. GB0703766.6, listing the references cited in this IDS, except US 4,584,887, US 2005/0183575 and WO 2006/062906 A1, which were previously cited in an IDS dated Oct. 1, 2007.

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130030718A1 (en) * 2011-07-25 2013-01-31 Andrew Williams Apparatus and method for air monitoring
US9902499B2 (en) 2015-01-27 2018-02-27 Honeywell International Inc. Human factors approach to control contaminant concentrations in aircraft supply air from engine and APU bleed air and ground air sources, and in recirculated air being delivered to aircraft cabins for the optimization of user experience and energy consumption
US20160214723A1 (en) * 2015-01-27 2016-07-28 Honeywell International Inc. Aircraft environmental control system that optimizes the proportion of outside air from engines, apu's, ground air sources and the recirculated cabin air to maintain occupant comfort and maximize fuel economy
US9957052B2 (en) * 2015-01-27 2018-05-01 Honeywell International Inc. Aircraft environmental control system that optimizes the proportion of outside air from engines, APU's, ground air sources and the recirculated cabin air to maintain occupant comfort and maximize fuel economy
US9776725B2 (en) 2015-01-27 2017-10-03 Honeywell International Inc. Human factors approach to control contaminant concentrations in aircraft supply air from engine and APU bleed air and ground air sources, and in recirculated air being delivered to aircraft cabins for the optimization of user experience and energy consumption
US9896215B2 (en) 2015-01-27 2018-02-20 Honeywell International Inc. Human factors approach to control contaminant concentrations in aircraft supply air from engine and APU bleed air and ground air sources, and in recirculated air being delivered to aircraft cabins for the optimization of user experience and energy consumption
US9884281B2 (en) 2015-09-18 2018-02-06 Honeywell International Inc. Method to use ultrafine particulate matter detection and measurement to control air supply system contaminant delivery to the aircraft cabin environment
EP3176089A1 (en) 2015-12-02 2017-06-07 Airbus Operations GmbH A cabin air control system for an aircraft
US10900880B2 (en) 2015-12-02 2021-01-26 Airbus Operations Gmbh Cabin air control system for an aircraft
EP3299809A1 (en) * 2016-09-22 2018-03-28 Airbus Operations GmbH A system and a method for detecting low concentrations of specific chemical compounds in the air of an aircraft cabin
US10043363B2 (en) 2016-09-22 2018-08-07 Airbus Operations Gmbh System and a method for detecting low concentrations of specific chemical compounds in the air of an aircraft cabin
WO2020240138A1 (en) 2019-05-31 2020-12-03 Covarians Device for collecting aerosols and/or particles and method for analysing air quality employing this device
FR3096780A1 (en) 2019-05-31 2020-12-04 Covarians Device for sampling aerosols and / or particles and air quality analysis method using this device
RU2717458C1 (en) * 2019-06-27 2020-03-23 Акционерное общество "Лётно-исследовательский институт имени М.М. Громова" Device for automatic sampling of air for further analysis for content of weakly adsorbable gases in cabin of aircraft and from aircraft gas turbine engines
US20220252486A1 (en) * 2019-12-24 2022-08-11 Taesung Environmental Research Institute Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus for collecting odor
WO2023000093A1 (en) 2021-07-20 2023-01-26 Atomic Energy Of Canada Limited/ Énergie Atomique Du Canada Limitée Portable system for monitoring airborne radionuclides

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB0703766D0 (en) 2007-04-04
US20080202332A1 (en) 2008-08-28
EP1975591A2 (en) 2008-10-01
GB2447042B (en) 2011-11-09
GB2447042A (en) 2008-09-03
EP1975591A3 (en) 2011-09-14

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US7824479B2 (en) Apparatus and method for air sampling
US9587846B2 (en) Ductless fume hood gas monitoring and detection system
CA2933265C (en) Portable detection apparatus and method
US11073503B2 (en) Area monitoring device, and method of operating same
US9075016B2 (en) Automated control of analytical sampling with environmental monitoring system
US8342003B2 (en) Systems and methods for measurement and analysis of pipeline contaminants
US20130030718A1 (en) Apparatus and method for air monitoring
US7201036B2 (en) Residual life indicating system
CN104166154B (en) PIG sampling and monitoring system and method
KR20060113987A (en) Autonomous surveillance system
KR102111121B1 (en) Source tracking system using drones and real-time mobile measurement vehicles
CN113498478A (en) Real-time underground volatile organic compound leakage detection system
EP2446242B1 (en) Non-invasive method and system for screening the content of containers for the presence of threat substances
CN102680349A (en) PM2.5 monitoring equipment
KR102129929B1 (en) Source tracking method using drones and real-time mobile measurement vehicles
KR102129931B1 (en) Source Tracking Method Using Drones
US20070234777A1 (en) System and method for performing quantifiable release spore testing on bioaerosol detection technologies
TWI464401B (en) Sampling device and method for rapid detection of volatile organic matter and odor substances in water
US20240345271A1 (en) Portable system for monitoring airborne radionuclides
CN106896045A (en) A kind of micro-integrated breath mask recruitment evaluation device
US12517017B1 (en) Air sampler
US7293473B2 (en) Method and apparatus for sampling biological particles in an air flow
KR102891529B1 (en) Unmanned Drone-Mounted Sample Collection System and Method for Capturing Gaseous Chemical Substances
JP2005189025A (en) Method for collecting residual organic pollutant and sampler
CN106872540A (en) A kind of formaldehyde, ammonia detection means and its detection method

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: BUILDING RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT LTD., UNITED KINGD

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ROWLEY, JOHN ARTHUR;CRUMP, DERRICK ROBERT;DENGEL, ANDREW CHARLES;REEL/FRAME:020500/0223;SIGNING DATES FROM 20071015 TO 20071017

Owner name: BUILDING RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT LTD.,UNITED KINGDO

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ROWLEY, JOHN ARTHUR;CRUMP, DERRICK ROBERT;DENGEL, ANDREW CHARLES;SIGNING DATES FROM 20071015 TO 20071017;REEL/FRAME:020500/0223

Owner name: BUILDING RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT LTD., UNITED KINGD

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:ROWLEY, JOHN ARTHUR;CRUMP, DERRICK ROBERT;DENGEL, ANDREW CHARLES;SIGNING DATES FROM 20071015 TO 20071017;REEL/FRAME:020500/0223

FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 4

FEPP Fee payment procedure

Free format text: MAINTENANCE FEE REMINDER MAILED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: REM.)

LAPS Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees

Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED FOR FAILURE TO PAY MAINTENANCE FEES (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: EXP.); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY

STCH Information on status: patent discontinuation

Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362

FP Lapsed due to failure to pay maintenance fee

Effective date: 20181102