US7800470B2 - Method and system for a linear actuator with stationary vertical magnets and coils - Google Patents
Method and system for a linear actuator with stationary vertical magnets and coils Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US7800470B2 US7800470B2 US12/029,138 US2913808A US7800470B2 US 7800470 B2 US7800470 B2 US 7800470B2 US 2913808 A US2913808 A US 2913808A US 7800470 B2 US7800470 B2 US 7800470B2
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- magnet
- slug
- coil
- actuating device
- magnetization
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
- H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
- H01F7/1607—Armatures entering the winding
- H01F7/1615—Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
- F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
- F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
- F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
- F16K31/0675—Electromagnet aspects, e.g. electric supply therefor
- F16K31/0679—Electromagnet aspects, e.g. electric supply therefor with more than one energising coil
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
- H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
- H01F2007/1692—Electromagnets or actuators with two coils
Definitions
- the present invention is related to the field of magnetism, and in particular, is related to direct drive actuators employing a radial magnetic field and conducting coil acting on an element of a valve.
- Actuators are traditionally a mechanical art. Most actuators contain valves, springs, and pivoting elements that move the valves.
- One of the problems with mechanical actuators is that parts of the mechanical actuators have a tendency to wear down. When the springs become less elastic and the pivoting joints become worn, the valves cease to operate in an efficient manner. An actuator with fewer moving parts would tend to outlast the traditional mechanical actuators.
- U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,828,890 and 6,876,284 are directed to magnetically actuated valves and the teachings thereof are incorporated herein by reference, although not all teachings therein are considered prior art for the invention disclosed herein. Also among the prior art are alternative actuators, such as that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,515,343 to Pischinger.
- Embodiments of the present invention provide a system and method for providing a linear actuator. Briefly described, in architecture, one embodiment of the system, among others, can be implemented as follows.
- the system contains a top magnet and a bottom magnet.
- the bottom magnet is axially aligned with the top magnet.
- the top magnet and the bottom magnet have opposing magnetization.
- a washer is sandwiched between the top magnet and the bottom magnet.
- a top coil is positioned within the top magnet.
- a bottom coil is positioned within the bottom magnet.
- a slug is slidably positioned within the top coil and bottom coil.
- An actuating member is integral with the slug.
- the present invention can also be viewed as providing methods for providing and utilizing a linear actuator.
- one embodiment of such a method can be broadly summarized by the following steps: axially aligning a bottom permanent magnet with a top permanent magnet, wherein the top magnet and the bottom magnet have opposing magnetization; sandwiching a washer between the top magnet and the bottom magnet; positioning a top coil within the top magnet and a bottom coil within the bottom magnet; positioning a slug slidably at least partially within the top coil and bottom coil; and energizing at least one coil generating a reluctance force that causes the slug to slide along an axis of the coils.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional side view of the linear actuator, in accordance with a first exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional side view of the linear actuator, in accordance with a second exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective isometric view of a linear actuator of FIG. 2 , in accordance with the second exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional side view of a linear actuator, in accordance with a third exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a method of providing and utilizing the abovementioned linear actuator shown in FIG. 2 , in accordance with the first exemplary embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional side view of a linear actuator 10 , in accordance with a first exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- the linear actuator 10 is a permanent magnet actuator with a top stationary magnet 12 and a bottom stationary magnet 14 . Both the top magnet 12 and the bottom magnet 14 have a substantially cylindrical opening formed therein.
- a top coil 16 and a bottom coil 18 are at least partially surrounded by the top magnet 12 and the bottom magnet 14 , respectively.
- At least one washer 20 separates the top magnet 12 and the bottom magnet 14 and the top coil 16 and the bottom coil 18 .
- a slug 22 is slidably disposed within the coils 16 , 18 and attached to an elongated member 24 .
- the elongated member 24 is attached to an actuating member 26 , such as an engine valve.
- the linear actuator 10 is a permanent magnet actuator with stationary magnets 12 , 14 and coils 16 , 18 . Only a slug 22 made of a ferromagnetic material moves under the influence of the forces controlled by the excitation of the coils 16 , 18 . The force exerted on the slug 22 is approximately linearly proportional to the applied current and varies roughly linearly over the stroke.
- the top magnet 12 and the bottom magnet 14 have opposing vertical magnetization, as shown by the top magnetization 34 and the bottom magnetization 36 .
- the elongated member 24 need not and, preferably, does not influence the magnetic circuit. End caps 28 , 30 may be attached to the magnets 12 , 14 and help hold the linear actuator 10 together.
- Linear actuator 10 performance may be measured as moving mass acceleration divided by the square root of the input electrical power.
- the mass may include the slug 22 , the elongated member 24 , and the actuating member 26 , although the mass may largely be based upon the engine valve/actuating member 26 (which is manipulated by the linear actuator 10 , but is otherwise not utilized in actuation).
- the slug 22 acceleration is determined principally by the force exerted on the slug 22 relative to the mass.
- the slug 22 may be exclusively ferromagnetic, which may limit possible forces to a reluctance force.
- the reluctance force is proportional to the square of the magnetic field on one end of the slug 22 subtracted from the square of the magnetic field at the other end of the slug 22 .
- the two coils 16 , 18 are driven independently; one coil (e.g., the top coil 16 ) may be adjusted to cancel the attractive magnetic field at one end of the slug 22 (so very little magnetic field is squared and subtracted) while the other coil (e.g., the bottom coil 18 ) is driven with a current intended to develop a magnetic field which attracts the slug 22 .
- This attraction can be precisely controlled in order to minimize the dissipated electrical power over one cycle of engine valve motion. Analyses have shown that a tailored acceleration profile achieves the desired kinematic motion while minimizing power. This power efficiency is a material improvement over alternative actuators.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional side view of a linear actuator 110 , in accordance with a second exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- the linear actuator 110 is a permanent magnet actuator with a top stationary magnet 112 and a bottom stationary magnet 114 . Both the top magnet 112 and the bottom magnet 114 have a substantially cylindrical opening formed therein.
- a top coil 116 and a bottom coil 118 are at least partially surrounded by the top magnet 112 and the bottom magnet 114 , respectively.
- At least one washer 120 separates the top magnet 112 and the bottom magnet 114 and the top coil 116 and the bottom coil 118 .
- a slug 122 is slidably disposed within the coils 116 , 118 and attached to an elongated member 124 . The slug 122 is maintained within the coils 116 , 118 by a top end cap 128 and a bottom end cap 130 .
- the elongated member 124 is attached to an actuating member 126 , such as
- the top magnet 112 and the bottom magnet 114 have opposing vertical magnetization, as shown by the top magnetization 134 and the bottom magnetization 136 .
- the stroke of the slug 122 is limited by the end caps 128 , 130 .
- the magnets 112 , 114 and excited coils 116 , 118 provide the magnetomotive force and the washer 120 made of a ferromagnetic material and end caps 128 , 130 complete the magnetic circuit.
- the elongated member 124 need not and, preferably, does not influence the magnetic circuit.
- An air gap 132 exists between the end caps 128 , 130 and within the coils 116 , 118 . A position of the air gap 132 varies with the position of the slug 122 .
- the total air gap 132 is constant, but the effective air gap 132 does vary significantly over the stroke. Because of the nature of the reluctance forces, the effective air gap 132 is measured from the washer 120 to the highest magnetic field end of the linear actuator 110 .
- FIG. 3 is a perspective isometric view of a linear actuator 110 of FIG. 2 , in accordance with the second exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- the top magnet 112 and the bottom magnet 114 may have a rectangular cross-section with a circular opening there through.
- the top magnet 112 and the bottom magnet 114 may have a rectangular prism shape. Producing permanent magnets having rectangular prism shapes may be more cost effective than producing cylindrical permanent magnets.
- the top magnet 112 and the bottom magnet 114 may be similarly shaped.
- Linear actuator 110 performance may be measured as moving mass acceleration divided by the square root of the input electrical power.
- the mass may include the slug 122 , the elongated member 124 , and the actuating member 126 , although the mass may largely be based upon the engine valve/actuating member 126 (which is manipulated by the linear actuator 110 , but is otherwise not utilized in actuation).
- the slug 122 acceleration is determined principally by the force exerted on the slug 122 relative to the mass.
- the slug 122 may be exclusively ferromagnetic, which may limit possible forces to a reluctance force.
- the reluctance force is proportional to the square of the magnetic field on one end of the slug 122 subtracted from the square of the magnetic field at the other end of the slug 122 .
- the two coils 116 , 118 are driven independently; one coil (e.g., the top coil 116 ) may be adjusted to cancel the attractive magnetic field at one end of the slug 122 (so very little magnetic field is squared and subtracted) while the other coil (e.g., the bottom coil 118 ) is driven with a current intended to develop a magnetic field which attracts the slug 122 .
- This attraction can be precisely controlled in order to minimize the dissipated electrical power over one cycle of engine valve motion. Analyses have shown that a tailored acceleration profile achieves the desired kinematic motion while minimizing power. This power efficiency is a material improvement over alternative actuators.
- the actuating member 126 may be an engine valve.
- Engine valves are known to be moved through mechanical forces. Actuating an engine valve, or a plurality of engine valves, through reluctance force may reduce engine wear.
- the linear actuator 110 has been designed with an overall shape of a rectangular prism. As engines tend to operate with a series of engine valves, having a series of linear actuators 110 with rectangular cross-sections may allow a plurality of linear actuators 110 to be bundled more effectively.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional side view of a linear actuator 210 , in accordance with a third exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- the linear actuator 210 is a permanent magnet actuator with a top stationary magnet 212 and a bottom stationary magnet 214 . Both the top magnet 212 and the bottom magnet 214 have a substantially cylindrical opening formed therein.
- a top coil 216 and a bottom coil 218 are at least partially surrounded by the top magnet 212 and the bottom magnet 214 , respectively.
- At least one washer 220 separates the top magnet 212 and the bottom magnet 214 and the top coil 216 and the bottom coil 218 .
- a slug 222 is slidably disposed within the coils 216 , 218 and attached to an elongated member 224 . The slug 222 is maintained within the coils 216 , 218 by a top end cap 228 and a bottom end cap 230 .
- the elongated member 224 is attached to an actuating member 226
- the linear actuator 210 is a permanent magnet actuator with stationary magnets 212 , 214 and coils 216 , 218 . Only a slug 222 moves under the influence of the forces controlled by the excitation of the coils 216 , 218 . The force exerted on the slug 222 is approximately linearly proportional to the applied current and varies roughly linearly over the stroke.
- the top magnet 212 and the bottom magnet 214 have opposing vertical magnetization, as shown by the top magnetization 234 and the bottom magnetization 236 .
- the stroke of the slug 222 is limited by the end caps 228 , 230 .
- the end caps 228 , 230 may be made of a ferromagnetic material to focus the magnetic field. Further, as shown in the third exemplary embodiment, the end caps 228 , 230 may extend between the coils 216 , 218 to shape the magnetic field.
- the magnets 212 , 214 and excited coils 216 , 218 provide the magnetomotive force and the washer 220 and end caps 228 , 230 complete the magnetic circuit.
- the elongated member 224 need not and, preferably, does not influence the magnetic circuit.
- An air gap 232 exists between the end caps 228 , 230 and within the coils 216 , 218 .
- a position of the air gap 232 varies with the position of the slug 222 .
- the total air gap 232 is constant, but the effective air gap 232 does vary significantly over the stroke. Because of the nature of the reluctance forces, the effective air gap 232 is measured from the washer 220 to the highest magnetic field end of the linear actuator 210 .
- the third exemplary embodiment utilizes magnets 212 , 214 having greater volume than the magnets 112 , 114 in the second exemplary embodiment.
- the more voluminous magnets 212 , 214 allow for greater possible slug 222 acceleration.
- the ability of the linear actuator 210 to conform to the available volume within an engine, or other desired location may be of greater importance than slug 222 acceleration.
- the available volume may be more efficiently utilized with a linear actuator 110 , 210 and/or permanent magnets 112 / 212 , 114 / 214 having rectangular prism shapes.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart 300 illustrating a method of providing and utilizing the abovementioned linear actuator 10 shown in FIG. 1 , in accordance with the first exemplary embodiment of the invention.
- any process descriptions or blocks in flow charts should be understood as representing modules, segments, portions of code, or steps that include one or more instructions for implementing specific logical functions in the process, and alternate implementations are included within the scope of the present invention in which functions may be executed out of order from that shown or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order, depending on the functionality involved, as would be understood by those reasonably skilled in the art of the present invention.
- a bottom permanent magnet is axially aligned with a top permanent magnet, wherein the top magnet and the bottom magnet have opposing magnetization.
- a washer is sandwiched between the top magnet and the bottom magnet (block 304 ).
- a top coil is positioned within the top magnet and a bottom coil is positioned within the bottom magnet (block 306 ).
- a slug is positioned slidably at least partially within the top coil and bottom coil (block 308 ). At least one coil is energized, generating a reluctance force that causes the slug to slide along an axis of the coils (block 310 ).
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
- Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/029,138 US7800470B2 (en) | 2007-02-12 | 2008-02-11 | Method and system for a linear actuator with stationary vertical magnets and coils |
CN2008800047123A CN101663715B (zh) | 2007-02-12 | 2008-02-12 | 用于有固定垂直磁体和线圈的线性致动器的方法和系统 |
PCT/US2008/053672 WO2008100900A2 (fr) | 2007-02-12 | 2008-02-12 | Procédé et système pour un actionneur linéaire ayant des aimants et des bobines fixes agencés verticalement. |
EP08729608A EP2111626A4 (fr) | 2007-02-12 | 2008-02-12 | Procede et systeme pour un actionneur lineaire ayant des aimants et des bobines fixes agences verticalement |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US88941307P | 2007-02-12 | 2007-02-12 | |
US12/029,138 US7800470B2 (en) | 2007-02-12 | 2008-02-11 | Method and system for a linear actuator with stationary vertical magnets and coils |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20080191825A1 US20080191825A1 (en) | 2008-08-14 |
US7800470B2 true US7800470B2 (en) | 2010-09-21 |
Family
ID=39685343
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/029,138 Active 2028-07-02 US7800470B2 (en) | 2007-02-12 | 2008-02-11 | Method and system for a linear actuator with stationary vertical magnets and coils |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7800470B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2111626A4 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN101663715B (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2008100900A2 (fr) |
Cited By (5)
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US20090121558A1 (en) * | 2007-11-08 | 2009-05-14 | Engineering Matters, Inc. | Flexible Electromagnetic Valve Actuator Modeling and Performance |
US20110304417A1 (en) * | 2010-06-10 | 2011-12-15 | Lsis Co., Ltd. | Bistable permanent magnetic actuator |
US10205355B2 (en) | 2017-01-03 | 2019-02-12 | Systems, Machines, Automation Components Corporation | High-torque, low-current brushless motor |
US20200000324A1 (en) * | 2017-04-06 | 2020-01-02 | Olympus Winter & Ibe Gmbh | Electromagnetic actuator for a surgical instrument and method for producing same |
US10807248B2 (en) | 2014-01-31 | 2020-10-20 | Systems, Machines, Automation Components Corporation | Direct drive brushless motor for robotic finger |
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WO2009062155A1 (fr) * | 2007-11-08 | 2009-05-14 | Engineering Matters, Inc. | Modélisation et performance d'un actionneur de soupape électromagnétique flexible |
WO2012045852A2 (fr) * | 2010-10-08 | 2012-04-12 | 3Win N.V. | Actionneur implantable pour applications auditives |
US20150171723A1 (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2015-06-18 | Systems, Machines, Automation Components Corp. | Apparatus and methods for low cost linear actuator |
DE102016101722A1 (de) * | 2016-02-01 | 2017-08-03 | Geva Automation Gmbh | Stellventil, insbesondere für die Verwendung in Kühlstrecken |
US10848561B2 (en) | 2017-10-30 | 2020-11-24 | Deltek, Inc. | Dynamic content and cloud based content within collaborative electronic content creation and management tools |
CN108900046B (zh) * | 2018-08-16 | 2020-07-28 | 浙江启尔机电技术有限公司 | 一种圆筒型Halbach永磁阵列的安装方法 |
CN117116597A (zh) * | 2023-09-11 | 2023-11-24 | 之江实验室 | 电磁致动器、电磁阀和触觉显示模块 |
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- 2008-02-12 CN CN2008800047123A patent/CN101663715B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US20050211938A1 (en) | 2004-03-24 | 2005-09-29 | Keihin Corporation | Linear solenoid valve |
US20060012454A1 (en) | 2004-07-13 | 2006-01-19 | Omron Healthcare Co., Ltd. | Solenoid air valve |
US20060097830A1 (en) | 2004-11-05 | 2006-05-11 | Gt Development Corporation | Solenoid-actuated air valve |
US20060145797A1 (en) | 2004-11-30 | 2006-07-06 | Kenji Muramatsu | Linear actuator, and valve device and pump device using the same |
US20060124880A1 (en) | 2004-12-14 | 2006-06-15 | Moog Inc. | Magnetically-actuated manually-operated isolation valve |
US20060278838A1 (en) | 2005-06-14 | 2006-12-14 | Bontaz Centre | Solenoid valve with fitted shoulder |
US20070034264A1 (en) | 2005-08-12 | 2007-02-15 | Stonel Corporation | Apparatus for valve communication and control |
US7517721B2 (en) * | 2007-02-23 | 2009-04-14 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Linear actuator and apparatus utilizing the same |
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US20090121558A1 (en) * | 2007-11-08 | 2009-05-14 | Engineering Matters, Inc. | Flexible Electromagnetic Valve Actuator Modeling and Performance |
US8085119B2 (en) * | 2007-11-08 | 2011-12-27 | Engineering Matters Inc. | Flexible electromagnetic valve actuator modeling and performance |
US20110304417A1 (en) * | 2010-06-10 | 2011-12-15 | Lsis Co., Ltd. | Bistable permanent magnetic actuator |
US8237527B2 (en) * | 2010-06-10 | 2012-08-07 | Lsis Co., Ltd. | Bistable permanent magnetic actuator |
US10807248B2 (en) | 2014-01-31 | 2020-10-20 | Systems, Machines, Automation Components Corporation | Direct drive brushless motor for robotic finger |
US10205355B2 (en) | 2017-01-03 | 2019-02-12 | Systems, Machines, Automation Components Corporation | High-torque, low-current brushless motor |
US20200000324A1 (en) * | 2017-04-06 | 2020-01-02 | Olympus Winter & Ibe Gmbh | Electromagnetic actuator for a surgical instrument and method for producing same |
US10932655B2 (en) * | 2017-04-06 | 2021-03-02 | Olympus Winter & Ibe Gmbh | Electromagnetic actuator for a surgical instrument and method for producing same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20080191825A1 (en) | 2008-08-14 |
CN101663715A (zh) | 2010-03-03 |
EP2111626A4 (fr) | 2012-10-31 |
CN101663715B (zh) | 2013-07-03 |
WO2008100900A3 (fr) | 2008-10-09 |
EP2111626A2 (fr) | 2009-10-28 |
WO2008100900A2 (fr) | 2008-08-21 |
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