US779293A - Roadway. - Google Patents

Description

4PATENTED JAN. s, 1905.

D. N; LONG. ROADWAY. APPLICATION FILED MAAY 23. v1902.

w/NEssEs UNITED STATES Patented January 3, 1905.

PATENT OFFICE.

DAVID N. LONG, OF BUFFALO, NEW YOBK, ASSIGNOR TO MARY' A. LONG,

- OF BUFFALO, VNEW YORK.

ROADWAY.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N o. 779,293, dated January 3, 1905. Application filed May 23, 1902. Serial No. 108,639.

To (LZZ whom, 2125 77u63/ concern.'

Be it known that I, DAVID N. LONG, a citi-j zen of the United States, residing at Buffalo, in the county of Erie and State of New York,

have invented a new and useful Roadway, of

which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to roadways in which tramways or wheel-tracks of paving-brick or other material are used to carry the vehicle- IO wheels withouttending to the formation of ruts alongside of said tracks. I attain these objects by means illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a vertical section of the road;

Fig. 2, a top view of one of*s thetracks; Fig. 3, averticalsection showing some of the means of construction; Fig. 4, a side view of one of the tracks, showing the center crosswise bricks; Fig. 5, a vertical section showing' de tails of construction; Fig. 6, a View of the gage 17 as resting upon crosswise bricks; Fig.

7 an enlarged view of the shield 23.

Similar figures refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

2 5 Figure 1 shows a vertical section of a road in which the crosswise paving bricks 2 or blocks of wood, stone, or other material are bedded in a layer of cement or concrete 5,

which maybe composed, preferably, of about three or more parts of sand to one of cement and four to six parts of angular stone-screenings, mixed inthe usual manner, or a layer of sand may be used just under the brick 2.

Lengthwise bricks 3 and 4 or blocks of stone 3 5 or wood may be interlocked into the crosswise series of blocks 2, about as shown in a top view in Fig. 2. The blocks 3 and 4 may extend beyond the lin'e of the ends of the blocks 2 to engage and catch the wagon-wheels and carry them upon the bricks 2 without tending to form ruts alongside of the tracks. The inner blocks 4, located on the side of the crosswise blocks 2 toward the opposite track, may preferably be of stone and extend above the level of the blocks 2, from about one-half to one inch, to form a flange or guide tending to keep the wagon-wheels on the tracks 2. As the wheels will rub land grind against these stones or blocks 4 to some extent, a stone of high abrasive quality-like granite,for instance- -is 5 preferableto ordinary paving-brick on account of more effectually resisting the wear of the wagon-wheels. The bed of the road between the tracks should be raised above the level of the blocks 4, about as shown in Fig. 1, and may-be of paving-stone when placed in old city streets, for instance, or it maybe made of any other road material. lVhen these tracks are placed in streets already paved with stone, brick, or asphalt, it is preferable to have their 6o surfaces nearly level in a crosswise direction, so the crown of the street .will cause the paving-stones adjacent to the inner side of said tracks to be somewhat higher to form a flange to keep the wheels 'on the tracks, or the tracks 65 may be depressed slightly below the average tops of the paving-stones on each side, especially when two sets of Atracks are used, to meet the same end, as any dirt accumulating' on them will be readily washed off between the paving-stones. By this means it may be found practicable in some cases to dispense with the regular jogging of the crosswise bricks and the interlocking of the lengthwise bricks. y

The foundation for the concrete base 5 may be of loose stone 6 or of concrete 6b, as shown in Fig. 1. The outside blocks or stones 3 are preferably placed with their tops level or nearly level with the blocks 2 to enable the 8O wagon-wheels to readilypass upon the tracks 2. The bricks 2 may be placed, preferably, upon a slow-setting concrete or cement 5 before the latter has hardened and their tops leveled by the bricks above the proper level being forced down into the soft cement by means of a straight-edge 18, preferably of hard wood of a thickness to allow it to yield somewhat from a true plane, about as shown in Fig. 4, or if the bricks 2 are nearly uniform in width 90 line gravel or preferably clean stone-screenings may be substituted for the cement 5, and by having its surface nicely leveled the bricks may be placed on it, and after their tops are leveled by forcing' a straight-edge down upon 95 them with a hammer or otherwise the spaces between the stone-screenings and between the bricks composing the series of bricks 2 and between the bricks 2 and the blocks 3 and 4 may then be completely filled with cement thinly mixed with water alone, or for the sake of economy the cement may be mixed, preferably, with sand or soil so fine as not to readily settle to the bottom of the mixingpail, as ordinary coarse sand would do, or the mixing-pail may have a good-sized opening near its bottom provided with a removable stop to allow the grout to run from the bottom of the pail, and thus largely prevent its settling.

Proper spaces between the bricks 2 so as to cause the bricks 3 and 4 to nicely fit into jogs, as shown, may be readily retained by placing between the bricks 2 as they are set a series of four or live gages 17, which may consist of nails secured to blocks adapted to rest on the bricks 2, or they may be in the form of bent wires 17, as shown in Figs. 4 and 6, and adapted to rest upon one brick and allow their ends to extend down between it and the next brick, the ends of the wires being preferably four or five inches apart. By using four or more of these gages the first ones used can then be used again without the bricks getting' out of position.

The drain-tiles 7 may be covered with a thin layer of gravel or coarse sand or porous soil, as shown in Fig. 3, to protect them from breaking, when the coarser stone 6 may be placed upon them and rolled or otherwise packed down. A layer of gravel 6 or stonescreenings may also be placed against the bed of earth 8, as shown in Fig. 3, to makeanonyielding bed for the stones 6 and prevent their protruding parts from settling into the earth 8, by which means a more substantial foundation for the bricks or blocks 2, 3, and 4 and the adjacent road is secured. The stones 6 adjacent to and under the bricks 2 may be readily rolled down to a grade below the existing center of the road-bed by running the driving-wheels of an ordinary traction-engine on them, or common wagons properly loaded may be hauled over the stone 6 with good results, especially if the wheels have wide tires. The tiles 7 are preferably placed outside of a perpendicular line from the outside of the blocks 3, or in some cases if placed outside of a perpendicular line from the outside of the blocks 2 the same end may be attained. The object of placing' the tiles 7 in this position is that if they become clogged they may be taken up and cleaned out without disturbing the blocks 2 or 3, as the case may be, or the foundation under them.

The earth 8 if excavated about as shown in Fig. 3, nearly on a uniform curve or crown, will enable a heavier foundation to be placed where most needed than otherwise would be the case with using the minimum amount of stone, which is an important consideration in sections where stone is scarce. This form of the earth or one slanting to the tiles 7 will also readily carry any water percolating to it to the tiles 7. In some cases a liner sand, stone, or gravel may be used under the center of the road-bed to better advantage than the coarse stone, as the paving-stone 1 may be bedded directly i-nto it, as shown in Fig. 1. The stone 6 should be of sufficient size to cause air-spaces to remain between them to provide a non-conductor of cold and prevent the frost from penetrating into the earth below the blocks 2, 3, and 4 and heaving them out of their proper places. The foundation-cement 5 may also extend partly or wholly below the side blocks 3 and 4, as shown in dotted lines, or only under the crosswise blocks 2. In the latter case if any of the blocks 3 or 4 are forced down by the wagon-wheels below their proper position they will not disturb the bricks 2 or the foundation under them and may be readily raised again into place. These wheel-tracks, as shown in Fig. 1. may be placed in old cobblestone or macadam, brick, or asphalt streets by removing narrow trenches of only about enough of the old Cobblestone or other street-surface to make room for the blocks 2, 3, and 4 and any foundation and drainage that may be placed beneath them, by which means a smooth and nearly noiseless track can be constructed in old cobble streets, for instance, at little cost and without disturbing much of the street, while a less slippery roadway is thus provided for the horses feet than can be had in either brick or asphalt pavements.

For city residence-streets and country roads the use of a thin layer of gravel or similar material on each side of the tracks in cases where the soil is not naturally well drained will enable the. grass to form a heavy and perma-y nent sod directly up to the tracks if properly fertilized, thus doing away with all dust-forming surfaces except between the wheel-tracks, and this space will likely grow a fine sod as soon as automobiles displace the use of the horse.

As the wheel-tracks take nearly all of the wear and grind of the wheels, blast-furnace slag or other soft or porous substance may be used to special advantage between and adjacent to the tracks, as it will receive but little wear, and consequently will last very well, especially if some hard stone or similar substance is mixed in the surface layer to enable it to better withstand the action of the horses feet, especially between the tracks, or the spaces between the surface of the' stone or other material between and adjacent to the wheel-tracks may be filled with heated tar, pitch, or asphaltum, adhesive clay, or similar substance to prevent raveling, to meet the same end. One advantage of using blast-furnace slag or other porous material in cold climates is that the air-spaces in it will largely prevent the penetration of frost through and below it. This same end may be secured by IOC IOS

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the heaving of the soil by the action of frost may be prevented from raising and displacing the tracks.

In some cases the cement, concrete, or stone foundations may extend only to the outer ends of the bricks 2, as shown in the left-hand track in Fig. 1, so as to allow the inner edges of the bricks 3 and 4 to securely rest thereon, or in some cases it may be best for this foundation to extend only to the inner ends of the crosswise bricks 2, as shown in the right-hand track in Fig. l, so if the lengthwise bricks 3 and 4 are forced down by the action of the wagonwheels the foundation will not be affected thereby, or the foundation may extend to the outside edges of the bricks 3 and 4, as shown in Figi in dotted lines, or somewhat beyond, to securely sustain said bricks 3 and 4 and also any stones or other material placed between or next to them. Abed of broken stone or other material extending a few inches beyond the bricks or stones 3 and 4, as shown in Fig. 3, will assist in preventing' the formation of ruts next to the bricks 3 and 4, or

stones 9 of considerable'size may be placed be-l tween them and against the ends of the bricks 2 and extend beyond the outside line of the bricks 3 and 4 enough to effectually engage and lift wagon-wheels passing outside of the bricks 3 and 4, as shown in Fig. 2.

The base of cement or concrete or other material may have an even surface or a depression or groove 16 in its center to carry gro uting through below the bricks 2, as shown in Fig. 3, to better surround the bricks and penetrate the adjacent material. This groove may be made with the blade of a mortar or other hoe if properly curved and held at the proper angle while being moved over said base, or it may be formed by a projection l0 on the leveler 10 or in any other suitable' manner. A body of fine gravel or stone-screenings with the dust removed may be used for the base 5 and one or more grooves made in such body by laying strips on the foundation 6 or the lower part of the base 5 and filling between said strips'with concrete, and after leveling such base such strips may be removed. These grooves will enable grouting poured between the bricks 2 to effectually penetrate nearly or quite to the foundation 6 when the base 5 is of fine stone, and thus firmly cement and hold thebricks 2 to said foundation 6 and base 5. rlhe drain-tile 7 may be placed outside of and below the trench dug for the brick tracks.

for the foundation, as shown in Fig. 1, in many soils without excavating the soil above them, thereby saving much excavation.

Fig. 3 shows gages 12 secured at the proper distance by irons or other cross-pieces 11, preferably arranged to have their inner edges rest upon the old road-bed left between the trenches These gages may be used in a number of series arranged so their ends will be held true with cach other by dowels or otherwise'and should be blocked up true with the line and grade desired for the brick tracks. There the engineers stakes are placed one hundred feet apart, a series to reach one hundred or more feet will be of advantage, as they can then be more readily leveled and lined properly between the stakes. If the space between the brick tracks is to be filled with new material, the tops of the gages 12 may be set down nearly on a level with the tracks; otherwise guides 14 may be secured to the outer side of the gages 12, as shown in Fig. 3, and extend down into and preferably to the bottom of the trenches, as shown, to form guides for placing the innermost series of the bricks against to get them into proper line and to prevent the concrete 5 from being forced under the gages 12 and wasted. The outer series of the bricks 2 may be easily lined by placing between them and the removable guides 14 blocks 15 of the proper thickness, usually three-eighths to three-fourths of an inch thick, as shown in Fig. 3, preferably extending the full thickness only so far as to nicely engage the tops of the bricks 2, so they can be readily removed.

The gages 12 should be secured at such a distance from each other'that the usual gage of the wagon-wheels will cause the wheel to pass nearly over the average centers of the bricks 2 or a little outside of said centers when the wheels on each track are the same distance from the inside bricks 4. When the trafic is heavy or there is considerable turning out of and into the tracks, in some cases it is better to have the tracks a little wider apart about an inch wider is a good distancegso when one wheel is in contact with the outside of the brick 4 theother wheel will be well up onto the opposite track-say an inch or more from the outer end of the brick 2; otherwiseif the centers of the tracks were the exact crosswise gage of the centers of the wagonwheels, which vary considerably, when the inside edge of one wheel is against the brick 4 the inside of the other wheel would just be even. with the outside ends of the inner series of the bricks 2 and tend to form ruts along said ends of saidbricks 2. So it is readily seen that in many cases the brick tracks should be far enough apart to at all times carry both wheels well upon the tops of the bricks 2.

A leveler 10, with or without a projection 10a, may have a rounded lower edge to pack the concrete and be secured to the bottom,

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preferably, of one end of a movable cross-bar 10b, which should be of suflicient width to prevent the leveler 10 from readily tipping. r1`he leveler 10 may be made of stiff sheet metal, which may be set or moved at an angle to plow the excess concrete to the outside. The bar 10h extends across both of the gages 12, so it can readily be moved lengthwise on them and cause the leveler 10 to level the top of the foundation-concrete 5 to the true grade of the brick tracks,when the bricks 2 may be placed thereon, and before the concrete has hardened their tops should be perfectly leveled with the straight-edge 18, as shown in Fig. 5, by foreing those higher than desired down into the soft concrete by pounding the straight-edge 18 and forcing concrete under the ends of those which are too low.

The concrete 5 is preferably made with a slow setting cement, like Portland, so the bricks can be properly placed and leveled before the cement sets. It should also be composed of about two-thirds or more 0f stonescreenings, passing through one-half or threeeighths inch mesh, to prevent the bricks from settling after they have been leveled. A thin layer ofstone-screenings with the finer stone and dust removed may be used instead of the concrete 5, as the grouting if thin enough will penetrate through it.

The outside lengthwise bricks 3 may be put in place preferably while the guides 14 are still in place to keep the bricks 2 from moving sidewise,when the gages 12 and the guides 14 may be removed and the center lengthwise stones or bricks 4 be placed in position,which may be readily done by lilling cement below them so as to bring their tops even with the upper side of a short board or block 13, laid upon the bricks 2 of the thickness it is desired to have the bricks 4 raised above the bricks 2, from one and one-half to one inch being the usual distance. When the bricks 2, 3, and 4 are thus properly placed, boards 19 and 19", as shown in Fig. 5, may be set against the outer sides of the bricks 3 and 4, extending several inches above said bricks and there secured in a temporary manner. A board 20 may then be placed on the top of the bricks 2 and preferably against the bricks 4 to keep the cracks between the bricks clean for grouting, when loose earth 2()LL may be iilled into the spaces between the bricks 2 and the boards 19 and 19 to a point a little above the level of the bricks 4 to form side dams for grouting the spaces between the bricks, when the board 2() may be removed and the grout poured on the bricks 2 in the space which has been occupied by the board 2O and swept along to thoroughly fill the cracks and spaces between and below the bricks, after which the earth 212L and the boards 19 and 19tL may be removed, by which means a better job can be done with less cement than would otherwise be the case. When loose snow is abundant,it may be banked against the sides of the bricks and the boards 19 and 19u and earth 2Oa between them and the bricks may be dispensed with.

Where there is much turning out and in and the inner brick 4 cannot be had of a very good quality nor be substituted by very hard stone, ordinary hard-burned brick may be made to withstand the side thrust and grind of the wagon-wheels by havingend holes 21 made into them before they are baked, preferably in the centers of their ends, as shown in Fig. 5, into which after the bricks are baked the inwardlyturned ends 4of iron or steel rods 22 may be sprung and secured so the rods 22 will pass over the tops of the bricks 2 when the bricks 4 are in their proper places and rest against the upper edges of the bricks 4, as shown in Fig. 5, to take the side wear and grind of the wagon-wheels. If worn ont, the bars or rods 22 may read ily be replaced by removingthe bricks 4. The cross-section of the rods 22 may preferably be of round or half-round or oval form. The edges of the bricks 4 may also be protected by bands 23 of iron or steel with their ends bent so as to nicely lit over the ends of said bricks, while wires 24 may be secured in holes through the ends of the bands 23 and pass around the bricks 4, preferably through notches near or in the centers of their corners, when the band 23 may be firmly secured to the bricks 4, as shown in Fig. 7, by means of a wedge 25, preferably of roug'h iron or a nondecaying wood. By this arrangement the bands 23 may be renewed if worn out without removing' the bricks 4. Vhere suitable brick are scarce 0r very expensive, very good roads may be made with less brick by placing the crosswise bricks 2 on their sides instead of their edges, as shown in Fig. 5, and for points where the brick have to be shipped long distances, so the freight charges are a considerable item, good pressed brick may be wire-cut into two parts before they are burned, thus making two thin bricks 27 out of one ordinary brick, with one rough side to each, which may be placed down, as shown in Fig'. 5, to come in contact with the cement, and thus be securely held in place so its true and smooth upper surfacewill make an even and substantial track for the wheels. The space between and also to a short distance on the outside of the tracks may be economically paved with hard-burned brick 28, laid iiat and thoroughly grouted, preferably with Portland eement, for which purpose brick with wellrounded corners are preferable, which if placed crosswise with considerable space between them-say three-eighths or one-half inchthey will give a good footing for the horses even in icy weather.

A cheap and lasting pavement for the horses between the tracks may also be made by placing a layer of stone 1", preferably from about two to four inches in diameter, on a layer of sand or line stone-screenings, as shown in Fig. 3,

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ling of hillside roads.

the surface of which has been brought to the desired form or crown for the space between the tracks. These stones should be nearly of uniform diameter, so they can be quickly placed against each other in a single layer, with a hand-rake, for instance, when their tops may be brought to a uniform surface by rolling or tamping them into the layer of sand, when a thin grout of cement or good clay, preferably mixed with stone screenings, may fill the spaces between them and also a portion of the layer of sand below and securely hold this layer of stone from raveling by the action of the horses feet. Where the soil is of a compact nature, it may extend directly to the surface and form asuitable surface for thehorses feet.

Fig. 5 shows the brick tracks placed in an earth road of porous or well-drained soil, in

which case the drain-tile and stone foundation may be dispensed with and the base 5 placed immediately upon the soil. Vhen the soil is not naturally well drained, drain-tile and stone or other ballast should be placed under the tracks, about as shown in Figs. l and 3. Ballast of burnt clay may be used in place of stone adjacent to the tracks. lOn all grades on which the water will freely run the brick tracks may be placed to advantage several inches below the bed of the road, as shown in Fig. even when used in the stone or dirt roads, as by so doing a nonwashing channel to quickly carry the surface water offl and down the grade will be formedwhich will prevent the wash- Y This will also make the usual water-breaks on hillside roads unnecessary.

In some cases it may be preferable to use wooden blocks set on end between the brick tracks and also in place of the lengthwise bricks on the sides. These can be filled with tar, pitch, or asphaltum or other preservative by placing' them endwise upon a pan with a little of the said substance, and by properly heating the same the heat will carry such substance into and through the wood.

Where horizontal facing-stone form a continuous series in streets next to the curbstone, they may be utilized for one of the tracks by depressing the other track below the adjacent surface of the street to form a sufiicient guide for the wagon-wheels, or the side bricks 3 and tmay both be raised above the crosswise bricks 2 to meet the same end. Where Cobblestone streets are very rough, it may be found ad-` vantageous to use the old Cobblestone street for a foundation for the brick tracks by using macadam or other material on the sides and between them to build up to the proper level for the brick tracks.

When screenings or the bases 5 under the brick tracks are cemented by grouting, it may be best to fill the screenings and the lower part of the cracks between the bricks with a quick-setting cement and the upper part with a slower-setting Portland cement, by which means the filling on the sides of the tracks can be put in place sooner without disturbing the tracks, especially in cold weather, when the cement sets slowly. This method may also be used when the base 5 is of concrete. Vhere a concrete base is used under the base 5, by using blast-furnace slag in place of stone a firmer base may be secured with much less concrete.

If preferred, the boards 19 and 19u or a bank of earth substituted therefor may be placed directly against the ends of the crosswise bricks 2, and the lengthwise bricks or stones 3 and et may be placed after the cementing of the bricks 2 has firmly set, by which means the bricks 2 are less liable to be moved out of place, especially by the placing of the bricks 4, as the bricks 3 may be properly placed without disturbing the bricks 2 before the frames 12 are removed. The boards 19 and 19u may have thin or sharp lower edges to prevent the grouting from running Linder them, as is apt to be the case when the lower edges are thick, as insuch case it is difiicult to properly pack the soil or other material 2O under them without leaving considerable spaces into which the grout will settle. The outside.

bricks 3 may also be laid fiat, and thus present a greater jog to engage the wagon-w heelsand carry them upon the bricks 2 without forming ruts.

When the top layer of stones 1L have been properly compacted,stone-screenings with the dust removed may be filled into the spaces between them, when the whole may be well grouted with a tenacious clay that will harden well when dry, thinned with water, or if the weather is rainy the clay may be pulverized and filled into all spaces between the stones 1. In some cases the filling with stone-screenings may be dispensed with. This treatment with clay may be used on any stone or macadam roads, as the clay will become hardened in dry weather and firmly hold the stones in place, and thus prevent raveling, while if any stones are slightly loosened from the clay the first rain will again cement them together. Care should be taken that the stones 1n are firmly settled before the clay is applied, for if any material amount of clay should get under them it would likely cause them to settle in wet weather. The leveler 10 may also be used to level the concrete 6b by extending it about an inch downward to leave space for IOO IIO

the base 5, or the concrete 6b may be leveled ward projection or ridge at its inner side and a sloping surface atits outer side which is substantiall y iiush with the track adjacent thereto, substantially as set forth.

2. A wheel way or track, composed of transverse tread-blocks, and blocks projecting at intervals from the side or sides of the way, substantially as set forth,

3. A wheelway, composed of tread-blocks and longitudinal blocks arranged along the side of the tread-blocks and interlocking therewith, substantially as set forth.

1. A wheelway of tread-blocks having' adjacent blocks thereof offset laterally from side to side of the way for producing alternate recesses and projections along the sides thereof, substantially as set forth.

' 5. A wheelway composed of tread-blocks and upward projections arranged at intervals along the side of the tread-blocks,substantially as set forth.

6. In a road way two wagon-wheel tracks, a row of projections arranged at intervals along the inner side of each track and extending above'the level thereof,and a row of lateral projections extending along the outer side of each track, substantially as set forth.

7. In a wagon-way two tracks of tread bricks or blocks, interlocking lengthwise blocks extending above the main surface of said tracks on the sides thereoftoward the opposite track.

8. In a wagon-way two tracks of tread bricks or blocks interlocking lengthwise blocks extending above the main surface of said tracks on the sides thereof toward the opposite track and projecting beyond the ends of said treadblocks, substantially as shown and described.

9. In a roadway, brick wheel-tracks having upward projections at intervals at their inner sides, and sloping surfaces at their outer sides substantially7 flush with said tracks, substantially as set forth.

10. A wheelway composed of main or tread blocks. and side blocks arranged at intervals along the tread of said wheelway, substantially/as set forth.

11. In a wagon-way, brick tracks for the wheels having irregular projections from the outer sides thereof with surfaces practically7 even with the tread of said tracks, substantially as described.

12. In a wagon-way, brick tracks for the wheels having irregular projections from the outer sides thereof with surfaces even with said tracks and raised projections from the inner sides thereof, substantially as set forth.

13. A brick wheelway of tread-blocks hav-I ing adjacent blocks thereofV offset laterally from side to side, substantially as set forth.

14. A wheel-track comprising tread-bricks placed on their sides and projections arranged at intervals along the sides of the tread of said track, as set forth.

15. Wagon-wheel tracks of jogging' tread blocks or bricks, side bricks placed in said jogs, those on the outside of said track laid fiat to present a greater jog or' projection'to engage wagon-wheelsland carry them on said tracks.

16. The combination of' a wheel-track of tread-blocks having a cement foundation extending beyond the ends of said blocks and partly below side blocks or bricks interlocking into said tread-blocks, substantially as described.

17. A wheel-track of tread-blocks having' a cement foundation extending beyond the ends of said blocks and below side blocks interlocking into said tread-blocks, substantially as set forth.

18. In combination with wheel-tracks of jogging paving brick or blocks, a bed of broken stone or similar material adjacent to the tread of said tracks and nearly level with the outsides of said tracks to prevent the formation of ruts, substantially as described.

19. In combination with a track of treadblocks, lengthwise side bricks or blocks interlocking in the sides thereof, and stone of sniiicient size adjacent to said tread-blocks to extend beyond the outside line of the side bricks to prevent the formation of ruts alongthe side bricks, substantially as specified.

20. A wheel-track of tread blocks or bricks placed on their sides and interlocking side brick placed on their edges, substantially as set forth.

21. Wagon-wheel tracks having upward projections at intervals from their inner sides, the distance between the centers of said tracks being greater than the prevailing width or gage between the wheels of the vehicles using said tracks so that when one wagon-wheel is against one of the said projections the opposite wheel will rest securely upon the opposite track even if its gage is unusually wide or its wheels are wabbling, substantially as set forth.

22. Brick wagon-wheel tracks having upward projections from their inner sides and nearly level outward projections from their outer sides, the distance between the centers of said tracks being nearly equal to the usual gage of wagon-wheels, substantially as described.

Q3. In a wagon-way, tracks for the wheels having projections from the outer sides thereof with surfaces even with the said tracks and raised projections from the inner sides thereof, a road-bed between said tracks at substantially a higher level than said inner projections, substantially as specified.

24. A brick wagon-track road having projections at intervals above the surface of the wheel-tracks and touching the tread portion thereof on the inner sides thereof, a road-bed between said tracks havingasurface above the surface of said tracks, substantially as set forth.

25. A wheel-track the lower part of the spaces between the blocks thereof being partly lled with an inferior quick-setting grout to ICQ IOS

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enable the sides to be promptly iinished without destroying' the uniformity of said track, substantially as described.

26. A wheel-track the lower part of the space between the blocks thereof being partly filled with inferior quick-setting grout, to enable the sides to be promptly finished without destroying the line of grade of said track, the upper portion of said spaces being filled with a superior slower-setting cement, as set forth.

27 Wheel-tracks of jogging paving-bricks, grouting placed between said bricks, side bricks placed in side jogs in said paving-bricks after said grouting has hardened, as set forth.

28. 'VVheel-tracks of jogging paving-bricks, grouting placed between said bricks, side bricks placed Vin said jogs in said pavingbricks, the side bricks on the outside of said tracks laid fiat to prevent a greater jog or projection to engage wagon-wheels and carry them on said tracks.

29. The combination of a wheel-track placed in a street having a series of horizontal facing-stone, in such a manner that said stone will form one track for the wagon-wheels, substantially as described.

30. The combination in a street having a nearly even and horizontal surface next to the curb-like facing-stone, of a depressed wheeltrack located at such a distance as to cause one of the wagon-wheels to travel upon saidv surface, substantially as set forth.

31. In combination with a wagon-way having tracks of tread-blocks a foundation of earth on a grade to points below the level and adjacent to the tracks of said way, fine stone or screenings on said foundation between said tracks, and paving or surface stone bedded in said screenings and secured from raveling by an adhesive clay, substantially as set forth.

32. In a wheelway, tread blocks or bricks placed upon a foundation having a groove or grooves below said bricks to better carry a grouting substance into all spaces between said bricks, substantially as set forth.

33. In a wheelway, tread blocks or bricks placed upon a foundation having agroove or grooves below said bricks to better carry-a grouting substance into all spaces between and below said bricks, said groove being formed by a hoe or leveler, substantially as set forth.

34. In a wheelway, tread blocks or bricks placed upon a foundation having a groove or grooves below said bricks to better carry a grouting substance into all spaces between and below said bricks, said foundation being of fine gravel or clean stone-screenings, substantially as specified.

35. lagon-tracks, of tread-blocks having' upwardly-projecting lengthwise bricks interlocking on their inner sides, the outer sides of which are protected by metal bars extendinterlocking on th eir inner sides, the outer sides l of which are protected by metal bars extending over the ends of some of said tread-blocks, and secured by wires engaging in holes in the ends of said bars, and passing partly around said lengthwise bricks, substantially as set forth.

88. VVagon-tracks of tread blocks or bricks having upwardly-projecting lengthwise bricks interlocking on their inner sides, the outer sides of which are protected by metal bars extending over a portion of some of said treadblocks and passing around said lengthwise bricks, and through notches in the inner corners thereof, substantially as specified.

39. l/ragon-tracks of tread blocks or bricks having upwardly-projecting lengthwise bricks interlocking on their inner sides, the outer sides of which are protected by metal bars extending over some of said tread-blocks and secured by wires engaging in holes in the ends of said bars and passing around said lengthwise bricks and throughnotches in the inner corners thereof by means of wedges or similar means, forced between said wires and the inner sides of said bricks, substantially as described.

40. Wagon-tracks, the treads of which consist of a row of transverse paving-bricks placed in narrow trenches formed in paved or stone streets and leaving nearly all of the old street-surface undisturbed, substantially as described.

41. Narrow wheel-tracks consistingof a row of even-surfaced paving-bricks placed in old paved streets and adjacent to the old streetsurface the surface of said blocks being located below the average of the said street-surface adjacent thereto.

42. Narrow wheel-tracks consisting of a row of even-surfaced paving blocks or bricks placed in old streets and adjacent to the old street-surface on grades adapted to .freely carry water, said tracks being located below the adjacent surface of said streets to convey the surface water to the lowest points thereof, substantially as set forth.

48. A wheelway composed of a row of treadblocks and blocks projecting at intervals from the side or sides of the said tread-blocks and extending to the tread-surface of said tracks, substantially as set forth. A

44. A wagon-track, the tread of which con- IOO IIO

sists of a row of bricks placed in old stone or paved streets so the crown of the street will cause the adjacent old street-surface on the inner side of said tracks to be somewhat higher than said tracks, substantially as set forth.

45. lVheel-tracks of paving` bricks or blocks, the treads of which have alternating depressions in and projections from the sides thereof.

46. The process of constructing brick wagon wheel tracks, consisting of placing tread-bricks alternately in line and in jogs from such line and upon a cement base while the latter is still in a soft condition, substantially as set forth.

47. rIhe process of constructing' brick wagonwheel tracks, consisting of placing tread-bricks alternately in line and in jogs from such line and upon a cement base, then bringing the top surfaces of said bricks to an even and smooth plane, substantially as set forth.

48. The process of constructing wagonwheel tracks, consisting of placing' treadbricks alternately in line and in jogs from such line and upon a cement base, then bring'- ing the top surfaces of said bricks to an even or smooth plane and grouting the spaces between said bricks.

49. The process of constructing brick wagonwheel tracks, consisting' of placing tread-bricks alternately in line and in jogs from such line and upon a cement base, then bringing the top surfaces of said bricks to an even or smooth plane and inserting side brick in said jogs, substantially as set forth.

50. The process of constructing brick wagon -wheel tracks, consisting of placing tread-bricks alternately in line and in jogs from such line and upon a cement base, then bringing the top surfaces of said bricks to an even or smooth plane and inserting side brick in said jogs and grouting the spaces between said tread-bricks, substantially as set forth.

51. rIhe process of constructing brick wagon wheel tracks, consisting' of placing tread-bricks alternately in line and in jogs from such line and upon a cement base, then bringing the top surfaces of said bricks to an even or smooth plane and inserting side brick in said jogs and grouting the spaces between said bricks, and also the spaces between said treads and said side bricks, substantially as set forth.

52. The process of constructing brick wagonwheel tracks, consisting' of placing tread-bricks alternately in line and in jogs from such line and upon a cement base leveled true with the grade of the road, substantially as set forth.

53. The process of constructing brick wagonwheel tracks, consisting of placing bricks for a tread upon a hardening cement, banking the sides of said treads to prevent the wasting of g'routing material and then grouting the spaces between said bricks, substantially as set forth.

54. rI he process of constructing brick wagon wheel tracks, consisting of placing tread-bricks alternately in line and in jogs from such line and upon a cement base, placing bricks in said jogs, banking the sides of said tracks and said side bricks and grouting the spaces between said tread-bricks and also the spaces between said treads and side bricks with a grout of hardening cement, substantially as set forth.

55. The process of constructing' brick wagonwheel tracks, consisting' of placing tread-bricks with nearly parallel surfaces alternately in line and in jogs from such line and upon a cement base, placing bricks in said jogs, banking the sides of said tracks and said side bricks and grouting the spaces between said tread-bricks and also the spaces between said treads and said side bricks with a grout of hardening cement,substantially as set forth.

56. The process of constructing brick wagonwheel tracks, consisting of placing tread-bricks alternately in line and in jogs from such line and upon a cement base, placing side brick in the jogs on the inside of said tread-bricks and upon a cement base with their tops above the level of said tread-bricks, and grouting the spaces between them, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

. DAVID N. LONG. Witnesses:

FRANK A. I-IAUBEIL, FRANK H. LONG.

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