US778310A - Pneumatic tool. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED DEC. 27, 1904. R. W. PUNK.

PEEUMATIG TOOL.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 10, 1902. RENEWED MAY 18, 1904.

k aw o \\A\\\\\ 4 49i 1! I I: iIyIII WITNESSES UNITED STATES Patented December 27, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE. I

RICHARD W. FUNK, or' Ew YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO HUDSON MACHINE AND PNEUMATIC TOOL 00., or

JERSEY CITY, NEW

JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF *NEW JERSEY.

PNEUMATIC TOOL.

' SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 778,310, dated December 27,

Application filed April 10, 1902. Renewed May 18, 1904. Serial No. 208,560.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, RIoHARD W. FUNK, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, county and State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Pneumatic Tools, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to pneumatic tools,

, and more particularly to pneumatic rivetingtools and the like; and it has for its object to provide a new and improved device of this class which will be positive and] rapid in operation, light in weight,-simple in construction, and not likely to get out of repairand whichwill be generally superior in point of eificiency.

A further particular object of this invention consists of the provisioniof means for conveniently controlling. the supply of compressed air during the operation of the tool.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a pneumatic tool embodying my invention and taken centrally of Fig. 2 looking in the direction of the appended arrow. Fig. 2 is a similar view taken in a plane atright angles to thatof Fig. 1, the handle member being shown in full lines. Fig. 3 is a detail longitudinal sectional view of a valve constituting a particular feature of the improved'construction.

Corresponding parts in all the'fig'ures are denoted by the same reference characters.

Referring with particularity-to the drawings, my improved pneumatic tool, which in the present disclosure consists of a pneumatic hand riveter or chipper," embodies a tubular with the handle member 3 and whereby the inlet-valve 5 may be readily controlled to regulate the supply of air to the hammer-valve and the barrel. Suitable ports and passages are provided for the admission, circulation,

- and discharge of the compressed air in the operation of the tool to cause the reciprocation of the hammer 2 within the barrel 1, all'of which will be hereinafter described.

In the preferred form of construction the barrel 1 consists of a metallic tube 7 of the proper diameter of bore, within which the hammer 2 slides with a free lit, and said hammer consists of a cylindrical body portion 8,

drical end portion 9 and 10, respectively. The tube 7 of the barrel is provided at its outer end with a'detachable annular cap 11, which has a screw connection with the outer end of the tube 7, as at 12, and said cap 11 is provided with an-interior annular shoulder 13, which limits the. forward movement of the hammer 2 by engagement of the outer end To reinforce the tube 7, a steel jacket or tube 14 is shrunk onto the same, extending from the cap 11 at one end through the entire length of the tube 7 within which the hammer 2 plays and within which expansion of the compressed air takes place. The handle member 6 has a detachable screw connection with the inner end of the tube 7, as at 15, and a spring-projected locking-pin 16 is housed in a suitable chamber in the wall of the tube 7 and ward tubular end portion of the handle. member 6, and said locking-pin secures the handle member and pin againstseparation when properly connected.

The hammer-valve 4: is cylindrical and tubular in form, being open at its outer end 17 to communicate withthe' barrel 1 and closed at its inner end 18. The hammer-valve 1 is provided with two spaced annular exterior grooves 19 and 20, respectively, which are formed at predetermined points between the ends of the hammer.valve, and the shell21 of the hammer-valve is pierced in said groove 19 to form a port 2 2, communicating with the hollow interior of the hammer-valve. The hammer-valve 4 has a snug sliding fit Within the tube 7, at the inner end of the same, the

provided at each end with a reduced cylin-v adapted to take into a chamber 16 in a for-- portion 10 of the same with the shoulder 13.

Walls of a portion of which inner end of which tube 7 are of relatively increased' thickness, as at 23, whereby the diameter of the hammervalve is of lesser dimension than the diameter of the major portion of the bore of the tube 7. The outer end portion of the thickened portion of the tube 7 is formed into an annular shoulder 23 Within the tube 7, which limits the rearward or inward movement of the hammer 2 by engagement of the inner end portion 9 of the same with said shoulder. The hammer-valve 4: in its.extreme outward or forward position projects outward or forward of the shoulder 23, as shown in Fig. 2, for engagement by the hammer 2, as hereinafter described. The walls of the tube7 at the extreme inner end of the same, as at 24: and 24:, are of two varying thicknesses, the walls at 21 being of proper thickness to produce a bore of slightlygreater diameter than the bore of the tube within the portions 23 and the walls at 24: being of proper thickness to produce a bore of a slightly-greater diameter than the bore between the portions 24 of the wall of the tube 7, and the inner end portion of the hammer-valve 1 is formed into an enlarged head 25, which fits snugly within the bore of the tube between the portions 2 1 of the walls of the same, being limited in its forward movement by an annular shoulder 24 between the portions 23 and 2th of the walls of the tube 7. The inner end 18 of the hammer-valve 4 being closed, as above stated, the inner surface area of said closed end within the shell 21 is of less dimension than the outer surface of the enlarged head 25, the purposeof which proportioning of surface dimensions will be hereinafter explained.

Within the tube 7 and between the enlarged head 25 and the portion 26 of the handle member 6 which closes the inner end of the tube 7 is interposed a coiled spring 27, which tends to force the hammer-valve 4: outwardly within the tube 7, and said coiled spring 27 bears at its outer end upon a washer 28, which slidably fits the bore of the tube 7, between the pertions 24: of the walls of the same, said washer being limited in its outward movement by an annular shoulder 2r, formed in the line of junction of the portions 24: and 2 1 of the walls of the tube 7.

A main air-inlet passage 29 is formed in the lower part of the handle member 6, and said main air-inlet passage communicates by a short branch passage 30, also formed in the handle member, with a supplemental air-inlet passage 31, which extends longitudinally through the inner end portion of the tube 7 and communicates at its inner end with an annular air-chamber 32, which is formed at the extreme inner end portion of the tube 7 and is arranged to communicate with the branch airpassage 30 in any condition of screw connection of the handle member with the tube 7 A cylindrical valve-chamber 33 is. formed in the handle member 6 substantially at right angles to the line of extension of the main inlet air-passage 29, and said valve-chamber 33 communicates with said air-passage 29, as at 34:, at one side and at the other side communicates, as at 35, with a threaded nipple 35, which is formed to receive the com pressed-air connection.

' The inlet-valve 5 consists of a cylindrical plug 36, which fits slidably within the valvechamber 33 and is provided intermediate of its ends with an annular groove 37, which is arranged to be brought into registration with the points of connection, as at 3t and 35, respectively, between the air-passage 29 and the threaded nipple 35. A by-pass -10 of small bore communicates at one end with the forward end of the valve-chamber 33, as at 4:1, and communicates at the other end, as at 12, with the interior of the nipple The controlling means 6, which operate with respect to the inlet-valve 5 to regulate the liow of compressed air to the operative parts of the hammer, embody in the preferred form of construction two leverage devices a3 and 44, respectively, both of which are pivotally mounted, as at 15 and 46, respectively, within a suitable chamber formed in the handle memher 6, above the valve-chamber 33, the leverage device 4 1 embodying a head 17, which projects into the end of the valve-cluunber 33 opposite to that end with which the by-pass 4O communicates, the chamber in which the leverage devices 43 and ii are mounted con municating at its base with the valve-chamber 33 to permit free play of the head 17 within said valve-chamber. The leverage device 43 embodies a linger 48, arranged in position to actuate the leverage device H, and also embodies a thumb-button 19, which projects exteriorly of the handle member 6 in position for convenient manipulation by the thumb of the user of the tool.

To provide for the proper feed, distribution, and exhaust of the compressed air in the operation of the tool, 1 provide first two feeder air-passages and 51, respectively, which branch 011 from the supplemental air-inlet passage 31 andeommunicate with the bore of the tube 7 between the portions of the walls of the same. These two feeder air-passages 50 and 51 extend radially of the tube 7 and are spaced a predetermined distance apart. At a point slightly spaced from the feeder-passage 51 and between the same and the outer end portion of the portion 23 of the walls of the tube 7 1 form an exhaust-port 52, which coinmunicates with the outer air. In approximately the same diametrieal plane of the tube 7 as that in which the supplemental inlet-pas sage 31 and feeder-passages 50 and 51 are formed and in the opposite walls of the tube 7 1 form a return-feed air-passage 53, which extendslongitudinally of the tube 7 preferably between the outer wall of the same and the inner wall of the jacket 1 1, through the major portion of its extension, and said return-feed air-passage 53 communicates at its outer end with the bore of the tube 7, as at 54, at a point adjacent the outer end of said tube 7. The inner end of the air-passage 53 communicates with the bore of the tube 7, between the portions 23 of the walls of the same, by means of two feeder-passages 55 and 56, respectively, the feeder-passage 55 being arranged in opposition to the feeder-passage and the feeder-passage 56 being arranged at a predetermined point inwardly of and spaced from the feeder-passage 55. An exhaust-port 57 is formed in the tube 7 and in the portions 23 of the walls thereof and in the same radial plane of said tube 7 as the feeder-passage 56. The relative arrangement and relative spacing of the feeder-passages 50 and 51, the feederpassages and 56, the annular grooves 19 and 20 in the hammer-valve 4, and the ports 52 and 57 in the tube 7 are such that when the feeder-passage 51 is in communication with the annular groove 19 the feeder-passage 56 is in communication with the annular groove 20, which latter is in communication with the port 57. With the parts in this position the feeder-passages 50 and 55are closed and the port 52 is closed. Further, when the annular groove 20 is in registration with the feederpassages 50 and '55 the annular groove 19 is in communication with the ,port 52 and. the feeder-passages 51 and'56 are closed. I also provide a valve-pressure air-passage 58, which extends longitudinally of the tube 7, communicating at its'inner end, as vat 59, with the bore of the tube 7 within the portions 24* of the walls of said tube and rearwardly of the hammer-valve 4. The valve-pressure air-passage 58 communicates with the bore of the tube 7 at the forward end of said passage, as at 60, at such a point that when the outer reduced end portion 10 of the hammer 2 is in engagement with the shoulder 13 the inner reduced end portion 9 of the hammer 2 will lie over said point of communication 60,be ing of such dimension as to permit the air in the tube 7 between the hammer 2 and the hammer-valve 4 to escape through said valvepressure air-passage 58 and enter the tube 7' at 59 at the point above described.

The operation and advantages of my improved pneumatic tool will be readily understood by those skilled in the art to whichit appertains. The compressed air when admitted to the several operative parts embodied Within the hammer-barrel 1 is so automatically controlled and distributed as to alternately and at a speed in proportion to the airpressure actuate the hammer 2 outwardly and inwardly within the tube 7 in a powerful re ciprocation. The tool proper is, as shown, inserted through the mouth of the tubular cap 11 into a position to be operatively engaged by the reduced forward end portion 10 of the hammer 2, and the tool is sustained in operative position by the user, who supports and guides the same by the application of one hand to the hammer-barrel ping by the other hand of the may be of any preferred form spect to the condition of the parts described.

1 and the griphan'dle 6, which with proper reseveral operative To refer minutely to the operation of the inlet-valve 5fbeing in communication with said nipple 35 and the main air-inlet passage 29, the compressed air is free to pass to the operative parts of the tool; but a small amount of air passes through the by-pass 40 into the forward endof the valve-chamber 33 and forces the inlet-valve 5 inwardly in the valve-chamber 33 to a point determined by the degree of play of the leverage devices 43 and 44, thus cutting 01f communication between the nipple35 and the main inlet airpassage 29. When the tool is in position for work, the operator by pressing upon the' thumb-button 49 operates'the leverage devices 43 and 44 to return the inlet-valve 5 to its normal position, permitting the compressed air to pass around the annular groove 37 in the inlet -valve 5 and thence to enter the branch air-passage 30 and annular air-chamber 32, from which the air passes to the supplemental air inlet passage 31. With the parts in the position shown in Fig. 1, which is the position immediately prior to the out- Ward stroke or play of the hammer 2, the air passes through the feeder-passage 51 into the annular groove 19 in the hammer-valve 4 and from said groove 19 through the port 22 and into the interior of the shell 21 of the harm mer-valve 4, whence it passes into the bore of the tube 7 between the hammer-valve 4 and the hammer '2 and by its expansion actuates the hammer 2 outwardly or. forwardly.

The air displaced by this movement of the hammer 2 within the tube 7 passes out of said tube 7, through the return-feed air-passage 53 and the feeder-passage 56, to the annular groove 20 in the hammer-valve'4,which groove 20 is in communication with the port 57. Through this latter port the air exhausts exteriorly of the tool. As soon as the hammer 2 has been actuated outwardly to such a point that the central body portion 8 of the same has passed the point of communication at 60 of the valve-pressure air-passage 58 with the interiorof the tube-7 the compressed air behind the hammer 58 intothe tube 7 at 59 behind the hammervalve 4,thus equalizing theair-pressure within the tube 7 both before and behind the hammer-valve 4. As the outer surface of the enlarged head 25 at the inner end of the hammer-valve 4 is of greater area than the inner surface of the inner closed. end of the hampasses through said air-passage communication with the exhaust-port 52 in the v tube 7. This movement of the hammer-valve 4cuts off the exhaust-port 57. The compressed air now passes through the supplemental inlet-passage 31, through the feeder-passage 50, through the annular groove 20, through the feeder-passage 55, through the air-passage 53, and into the tube 7 at 54 in front of the hammer 2, which is thus impelled inwardly in the hammer-barrel. The air displaced by the inward or return movement of the hammer 2 passes into the hollow hammer-valve 4 through the port 22 and thence through the exhaust-port 52 into the outer air. The h ammer 2 in its return-play by impact forces the hammer-valve 4 rearwardly out of the position last described, cutting the feeder-passages and 55 out of communication with the annular groove 20 and terminating the air-pressure within the tube 7 in front of the hammer 2. To bring the hammer-valve 4 accurately into the position shown in Fig. 1, in which the compressed air may again be properly distributed for the succeeding outward movement of the hammer 2, the coiled spring 27 comes into play, moving the hammer-valve 4 outwardly in its snug fit to an extent limited by the engagement of the washer 28 with the annular shoulder 24". The hammer-valve 4 thus alternately moves inwardly and outwardly from the position shown in Fig. l to the position shown in Fig. 2, and vice versa, alternately permitting the introduction of compressed air behind and before the hammer 2 and alternately permitting exhaust of the expanded air through the exhaust- ports 57 and 52. The outward movement of the hammer-valve 4 is limited by the engagement of the enlarged head 25 with the annular shoulder 24 The supply of air to the tool is at all times under control of the user through the medium of the inlet-valve-controlling means 6.

The entire tool is. comparatively simple in construction and has no delicate parts to get out of order. The weight of the entire tool is also comparatively small, enabling continuous use of the same without causing material .fatigue to the operator.

I do not desire to be understood as limiting myself to the particular construction, relative arrangement, and association of parts as herein set forth, but reserve the right to vary the same in adapting my improvements to varying conditions of use without departing from the spirit of my invention or the terms of the following claims.

Having thus described my invention, I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1. An improved tool of the class described, comprising a barrel, a hammer slid ably mounted therein, a spring-cushioned tubular valve slidably mounted in said barrel inwardly of said hammer, exhaust-ports in said barrel alternately opened and closed by said valve, air-passages controlled by said valve and whereby air is alternately introduced in front of and behind said hammer, and means controlled by said hammer for intermittently introducing air behind said valve; said valve being open at its outer end and provided with a closed inner end the outer surface area of which is larger than the inner surface area of the same.

2. An improved tool of the class described, comprising a barrel, a hammer slid ably mounted therein, a spring-cushioned tubular valve slidably mounted in said barrel and provided with an open outer end and a closed inner end the inner surface area of which closed inner end is smaller than the outer surface area of said closed inner end, means for limiting the outward movement of said valve, exhaustports in said barrel alternately opened and closed by said valve, air-passages whereby air is alternately introduced in front of and behind said hammer and controlled by said valve, and means for intermittently introducing air behind said valve.

3. In an improved tool of the class described, a barrel, a hammer slidably mounted in said barrel, exhaust-ports in said barrel, an air-inlet passage in said barrel provided with two feeder-passages communicating with said barrel inwardly of said hammer, a returnfeed air-passage in said barrel provided with two feeder-passages communicating with said barrel inwardly of said hammer and communicating with said barrel forwardly of said hammer, a tubular reciprocating valve in said barrel, said tubular valve being provided with a port arranged for communication with one of said exhaust-ports and being provided with two annular grooves arranged for predetermined communication with the other of said exhaust-ports and with said feeder-passages.

4. The combination, with a casing provided with supply channels and ports, of a handle at one end of the same, a tool guided in the opposite end of the casing, a piston- *alvc located at the interior of the casing, said pistonvalve being hollow and provided with circumferential grooves and an opening in one of said grooves, a return-channel connecting the rear end of the casing with the front end of the same, a sliding hammer in the casing, a cushioningspring located between the pistonvalve and handle, a channel connecting the interior of the casing with the space behind the valve, and shoulders at the rear end of the casing for arresting the spring and the piston valve in their forward motion, substantially as set forth.

5. The combination, with a casin g, of a banchannel in the casing provided with'ports at the rear portion of the casing, ahollow pistonvalve in the rear portion of the casing between the ports of the supply and return channels and provided with two annular grooves and an openlng 1n onevof sald grooves to the interior of'the valve, shoulders at the rear portion of the casing,

I a spring between the rear shoulder. and the handle, a rim on the piston-valve adapted to abut against the other shoulder, the area of the rear end of said valve being slightly larger than that of its front end, a sliding hammer in the casing, a channel connecting the interior of the casing with the space behind the piston-valve, and exhaust-ports communicating with the interior of the casing, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

RICHARD W. FUNK.

Witnesses:

RAYMOND I. BLAKESLEE, N. MURRIN.

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