US773387A

US773387A - Draft and buffing rigging.

Info

Publication number: US773387A
Application number: US7328701A
Authority: US
Inventors: Richard D Gallagher Jr
Original assignee: STANDARD COUPLER CO
Current assignee: STANDARD COUPLER CO
Priority date: 1901-08-26
Filing date: 1901-08-26
Publication date: 1904-10-25
Anticipated expiration: 1921-10-25

Description

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PATDNTDD 00T. 25, i904. D. D. GALLAGHDR, JR. DRAFT AND BUFFING RIGGING.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 2s. 1901.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

fnv l N0 MDBL v No. 773,387. PATENTDD 00T. 25, 1904.- R. D. GALLAGHBD, JR. DRAFT AND BDPPING DIGGING.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 26. 1901.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

N0 MODEL.

D0. 773,387. PATDNTDD DQT. 25, 1904.

D. D. GALLAG'HDR, JB. DRAFT AND BDPPINGTDIGGING.

APPLIOATION FILED AUG. 26. 1901.

5 SHEETS-SHEET '3.

N0 MODEL.

i Q da MWI/5 PATENTED OCT. 25, 1904.

R. D. GALLAGHER, JB. DRAFT AND BUFPING RIGGING.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 26, 1901.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

N0 MODEL.

...fm ,c m

No. 773,387. PATENTED DCT. 25, 1904.

R. D. GALLAGHDR, JR. DRAFT AND BDPPING RIGGING.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 26. 1901.

IQ. 5.. /////////7////////////////VV v m@ Y @o wk.. M S L? 5 SHEETS- l? m A7 .V D D. @www Patented October 25, 1904.'

PATENT Frise.

RICHARD D. GALLAGHER, JR.,.OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR 'TO STAND- ARD COUPLER COMPANY, OF NEWT YORK, Nv Y., A CORPORATION OF NET JERSEY.

DRAFT AND BuFF'lNe. mesme.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N o. 77 3,387, dated October 25, 1904.

Application filed August 26, 1901. Serial No. 73,287. (No model.)

To (all wit/mt ift may concern:

Be it known that l, RICHARD D. GALLAGHEP., J r., a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, in the county and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful described in my Patent No. 677,654. Itis designed as an improvement upon the construction set forth in said patent, whereby the capacity of the rigging may be amplified and the structure adapted for more universal application than heretofore.

Further objects of the invention are to provide a means whereby slight or initial movements of the pressure-transmitting member or parts may be absorbed by the direct action of a spring, the power of said spring being subsequentl y augmented by the frictional resistance offered by friction-surfaces and interposed wedge-blocks.

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved arrangement whereby the spring or springs may be put under tension by movements of the followers or compressing members in opposite directions under the infiuence of strains applied. in one direction.

The invention consists, primarily, in a secondary pressure-transmitting member embodied in the rigging in such manner as to transmit the pressure from one end to the other of the rigging for rendering effective the frictional resistance elements, said secondary pressure-transmitting member having, preferably, a limited independent movement, whereby the initial or minor movements of the pressure-transmitting member are directly absorbed by the spring without the frictional elements being brought into action.

Further, the invention consists in providing frictional resistance elements at opposite ends of said secondary pressure-transmitting member and operating the set of elements at 1 one end of said secondary pressure-transmitting member through the medium of pressure transmitted to said secondary pressure-transmitting member through the` frictional elements at the opposite end thereof.

Further, the invention consists in certain novel details of construction and combinations and arrangements of parts, all as will be hereinafter described, and pointed out particularly in the appended claims. V

Referring' to the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a plan view of a draft and bufng rigging embodying the present improvements. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section through the working parts of the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a vertical section of the same. Fig. 4 isa view corresponding to Fig. 2, but with the secondary pressure-transmitting element arranged centrally of the spring. Fig. 5 is a view corresponding to Fig. 2, the frictional elements at one end of the rigging' being omitted. Fig. 6 is a view corresponding to Fig. 5, save thath the secondary pressure-transmitting member is arranged as in Fig. 1. Figs. 7 and 8 are sections illustrating different arrangements of the secondary pressure-transmitting element exteriorly of the springs. Figs. 9 and 10 are similar views showing the secondary pressure-transmitting element arranged centrally of the spring.v Fig. 11 is a sectional plan view showingv dupleX frictional elements in circular arrangement. Fig. 12 is an end elevation of the inclines of the friction element shown in Fig. 11. Fig. 13 is a section on thev line .fr m of Fig. 12. Figs. 13, 13b, and 13c are perspective views of elements shown assembled in Figs. 11, 1Q, and 13. Fig. 14 is a sectional view showing a modified circular arrang'ementofthe frictional elements. Fig. 15 is a plan view of the same. Fig. 16 is an end elevation showing one of the wedge-blocks in position. Fig. 1T is a perspective view of one of the wedge-blocks employed in the construction illustrated in Figs. 14C, 15, and 16.

Like numerals of reference in the several figures indicate the same parts.

The types of apparatus illustrated in the drawings are designed with particular reference to the requirements of d raft-rigging for railway-cars, and, as in other apparatus of the same character, the design is such that the working parts may be conveniently attached to or held between the underframing' of the car or between what is known as the drafttimbers or equivalent structures employed in either wood or metal car construction, such framing or draft-timbers constituting' the ultimate point of resistance to the application 0f strains and the d raw-bar or parts connected therewith constituting a primary draft or pressure-transmitting' member whereby said strains are applied. The rigging' for absorl ing` such strains is arranged intermediate the draw-bar or primary pressure-transmitting member' or members of the apparatus and the car-framing' or draft-timbers, as the case may be.

Referring' particularly to Figs. 1, 2, and 3, the numeral 1 indicates the draft-timbers or car-framing and a corresponding' figure indicates the corresponding' part in each of the other figures, these parts, however, being represented diagrammaticall y, as they constitute no portion of the present invention, save in so far as may be hereinafter specifically specified. These draft-timbers may be of any preferred or ordinary type or construction, and the stops through which the strains are applied thereto may likewise be of any ordinary type or construction. The illustration of the stops in the accompanying drawings shows them simply as shoulders 2, and it will be understood that these shoulders may be either a portion of the car-framing', draft-timbers, or cheek-plates, depending upon the construction of the car or underframing to which the draft-rigging is to be applied. The aforesaid Figs. 1, 2, and 3 illustrate what I consider the highest development of the present improvement and in said figures the yielding pressure-resisting member in the form of a spring' or springs 3, which is or are conlined between followers 4l, capable of moving toward and from each other, and where a wide rang'e of movement is desired the springs 3 are arranged in tandem, and a coupler, such as 5, y is interposed between them for the purpose l of maintaining the alineinent of proximate ends of said springs, as well as to provide a i means for limiting the ultimate compression l of the springs under abnormal strains in the l well-understood manner. The followers et are l mounted in a casing 6, preferably divided into l two parts, capable of a slig'ht or limited longitudinal movement with respect to each other, and the outward movement of said followers is limited by shoulders 7, formed in the casing' 6. Moving with the followers and with the easing are inclines, said inclines on the followers and casing, respectively, inclining' in opposite directions, thereby forming a tapering chamber between them, the other side of said chamber being formed by the pressuretransmitting member or a part moving' in unison therewith--such, for instance, as the follower-plates 8. The inclines moving' with the followers` are indicated by the numeral 9 and the inclines moving' with the casing by the numeral 10. In the chambers formed between the inclines 9 10 and follower-plates 8 there are mounted wedge-blocks 11, which wedge-blocks are capable of movements in planes corresponding to the ang'les of inclination of the inclines, which inclines may be varied in inclination in accordance with the desired resistance or capacity of resistance to be attained, and with this object in view the follo\ver-1)lates 8 may have. their surfaces 12, which engage the wedg'e-blocks, also more or less inclined. The follower-plates 8 are the parts in this construction which contact with the stops 2, while the casing 6 floats, so to speak, and may be moved longitudinally under applied strains, and the sections of said casing' may approach each other, thereby closing the space 13, which under normal conditions exists between the two sections of the casing and is maintained by the tension of the spring' 3. 'l` he pressure-transmitting' member proper is the d raw-bar 14, to which a strap 15 of usual construction is applied, said d raw-bar itself bearing ag'ainst one of the plates 8 and the strap 15 against the other of said plates 8. lith such a construction if pressure be applied in one direction-*say a buffing strain applied through the draw-bar lagthe plate 8 will be moved inwardly and through the wedge-blocks 11, follower 9, and incline 10 will move the proximate section of the' casing 6 toward the other section of said casing, putting the spring' 3 undercompression. lf the pressure be a light pressureand insuliicient to move the sections of the casing farther than simply to bring them together, said pressure will be absorbed by thc spring' 3 directly and there will be practically no motion of the friction elements of the rigging. If the pressure be heavy, however, when the two sections of the casing are brought together, the friction elements will be brought into play and will operate to compress the spring from both endsthat is to say, the wedge-blocks 11, traveling on the inclines 9 and 10 at the draw-bar end of the rigging, will cause the follower 4 at that end to travel inwardly; but the longitudinal movement of the casing' will operate upon the wedgeblocks 11 at the opposite end of the rigging IOO and cause them to travel inwardly or toward each other, thereby causing the follower 4 at that end of the rigging to travel toward'the opposite follower, and hence we have a movement of both followers toward each other or in reverse directions, and the power of the spring to resist compressions is vastly augmented by the frictional resistance of the friction-surfaces and wedging action of the wedge-blocks constituting the frictional elements of the device. The casing 6, it will be understood, constitutes what I have heretofore designated as a secondary pressuretransmitting element-that is to say, said casing transmits the pressure of the primary pressure-transmitting element from one set of frictional elements to the opposite set of frictional elements and renders them both simultaneously operative to resist either draft or buiing strains, inasmuch as the structure is double-acting and works similarly under strains applied in either direction.

In the construction heretofore described the coupling 5 between the proximate ends of the springs may have a rim or sectional flange 16 bridging the space between the sections of the casing 6, and thus serving to partially close said space, as well as to insure a centralizing of the proximate ends of the spring.

It is obvious that the arrangement illustrated and so far `described may be reversed in so far as the secondary pressure-transmitting element is concerned-that is to say, said secondary pressure-transmitting element may connect the followers 4, while the inclines corresponding' to the inclines 1() may be resisted in their inward movement by the direct action of the spring. Such an arrangement is well illustrated in Fig. 4, and by reference to this ligure it will be seen that the spring or springs 3 is or are interposed between the proximate sides of frames 17, which in this instance constitute the followers, said frame 17 having inclines 18 thereon. Arranged within said frame 17 are wedges 19, connected by a central secondary pressure-transmitting member in the form of a bar or tubular separator 20, the ends of which fit into the wedges 19, a sufficient play being allowed for said wedges 19 to move toward each other to a limited eX- tent without putting the secondary pressuretransmitting member under compression. rI`he wedges 19 and inclines 18 form, together with the follower-plates 21, wedge-shaped chambers, in which wedgeblocks 22 are mounted, the arrangement in this respect corresponding' to the arrangement shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3. Inward movement of either of the follower-plates 21, through pressure applied through the draft bar or strap, as in the former instance, will first talie up the kplay or looseness between the frictional elements and the secondary pressure-transmitting member, such movement putting the spring 3 under compression; but a further movement or heavier strain will cause an action of the frictional elements at both ends of the rigging, the movement at one end being transmitted to the opposite frictional elements through the secondary pressure-transmitting member 20, and the springis consequently put under compression by the movements of the frames 17, forming in this case the followers, toward each other or in opposite directions.

Many arrangements will at once suggest themselves to those skilled in the art wherein a secondary pressure-transmitting element may be utilized for transmitting the pressure to the frictional resistance elements either in one or both directions or wherein a play or looseness is left between the frictional resistance elements or between the pressure-transmitting member at one end and the frictional resistance elements at the opposite end, whereby the initial or minor strains may be absorbed by the direct action of the spring and heavier or subsequent strains absorbed by the said spring combined with the frictional and wedging resistance of the friction elements themselves. Figs. 5 to 10 illustrate types of such modifications in the arrangement of the parts.

Referring' to Figs. 5 and 6, the frictional elements in either arrangement correspond to thel similar arrangement of said elements in Figs. 2 and LI, respectively, save that the frictional elements at one end of the rigging have been entirely omitted. Thus in Fig. 5 the casing 23, corresponding to the casing 6, is interposed between the frictional elements at one end of the rigging and afollower-plate 24 at the opposite end of the rigging, a suicient play being left between said follower-plate 24 and the frictional elements to allow for an initial compression of the spring 3 before said casing is put under compression. Thus when pressure is applied through the pressure-transmitting member in either direction the spring will be initially compressed without operating the frictional elements until the casing 23 is put under compression, when, if the pressure is applied to the follower-plate2f1, it will advance, advancing the inclines 10, driving the wedge-blocks 11 toward each other, and through the inclines 9 causing the follower t to move in the reverse direction. If pressure be applied in the opposite direction to the follower-plate 25, corresponding to the follower-plate 8 in Fig. 2, su ch pressure will cause the direct compression of the spring' 3 until the casing 23 is put under compression or arrests the further forward movement of the inclines 1() when the wedge-blocks 11 and inclines 9 operate to effect the further compression of the spring. Vith this arrangement but one set of frictional elements is employed; but said elements operate under strains applied in either direction, and the same follows true of Fig. 6. In this figure the secondary pressure -transmitting element, which performsthe pressure-transmitting function of IOO IIO

thecasing 2?), is a central rod 26, corresponding' to the rod 2O in Fig. 4, and the frictional elements at one end of the rigging` correspond to the frictional elements at one end of the rigging in said Fig. 4. At the opposite end of the rigging' a follower-plate 27 is employed and a sufficient looseness or play is left between said plate and the secondary pressuretransmitting member 26, or said member' 26 is loosely mounted in the wedge 19 to permit of the spring 3 being' put under initial compression before the frictional elements operate. The operation of this device is similar to the operation before described, and when the follower 27 advances under the inliuence of thepressure-transmitting member or strap 15 said follower-plate will iirst put the spring 3 under initial compression, and if the strains be sufliciently heavy the secondary pressuretransmitting element will transmit the pressure to the frictional elements, and said elements will operate to compress the spring in the opposite direction or from the opposite end. Pressure applied in the opposite direction to the rigging will iirst operate to move the frictional elements as a body to put the spring under initial compression, and when the secondary pressure-ti'ansmitting member arrests the movement of the wedge 19 said frictional elements will become operative to augment the resistance of the spring and interpose an ultimate greater resistance than could be offered by the spring if directly compressed.

ln Fig's. 7, 8, 9, and 10 the arrangement of the wedging elements is reversedgthat is to say, the wedge-blocks themselves operate reversely to the arrangement shown in Figs. 1 to 6. Referring particularly to Figs. 7 and 8, the casing' 26 is provided with inclines 29, arranged reversely to the inclines 10, and the pressure transmitting' member actuates a wedge 30, the wedge-blocks 31 being inclosed in the chamber formed between the wedge 30 and inclines 28, and the opposite sides of the chambers are formed by followers 32, against which the spring 3 operates. In Fig'. 7 a double arrangement of frictional elements is shown, while in Fig'. 8 the frictional elements are at one end only of the rigg'ing and a follower-plate 33 is located at the opposite end of the rigging. but bears against shoulders 34 on the casing 28. The operation of the construction illustrated in Fig. 7 is as follows: Pressure on the draw-bar 14 or strap 15 in one direction or the other forces the wedge 30 inwardly, thereby separating the wedge-blocks 31 and moving the follower-plate 32 forwardly against the tension of the spring'. At the opposite end the wedge-blocks are moved transversely by the pressure of the spring transmitted through the follower-plate 82, thereby moving the casing' 28 in the direction of movement of thcpressure-transmitting member; but such movement will be equal to onlyonehalf of the movement of the pressure-transmitting' member, while the tendency of the wedges to move the casing in opposite directions will maintain the frictional contact of the surfaces at both ends, thereby greatly aug'- menting the resistance of the spring. lith Fig. 8 the operation is slightly different, for while pressure on the wedge 30, inasmuch as it acts upon the follower-plate 32 and wedges 31, is similar to that just described the pressure applied to the opposite end of the spring 'by the movement of the casing is a direct pressure caused. by the advancing of the follower-plate 33; but pressure applied to the follower-plate 33 acts directly on the spring, and through the spring the wedge-blocks 31 are operated, causing' the casing to advance in the same direction in which the pressure is applied. ln this construction the casing will tend to advance more rapidly than the follower-plate 33, and thus the friction and wedging action of the frictional elements will be maintained by the sin'ing-pressme. 1n Figs. 9 and 10 the reverse arrangement of the wedgeblocks is maintained; but the secondary pressu re-transmitting member instead of being' in the form of a casing is in the form of a central rod or bar 35, having in Fig. 9 a reverse wedge 36 at one end and in Fig. 1() reverse wedges 36 at both ends. 1n Fig. 9 the opposite end of the secondary pressure-transmitting member' is connected with a followerplate 07, and the spring 3 is coniined between said follower-plate 37 and a follower 3S. rlhe wedge-blocks 39 are confined between the wedge 36, follower 38, and inclines 40, formed on a follower-plate 41, against which the pressure-transmitting member operates. The follower-plate 41 and inclines 40 constitute a part which might be termed a short casing, inasmuch as the strains set up in it are bursting strains, and hence this part may be made of an integral casting or forging' well calculated to withstand such strains and correspondsin this respect to the casing in the before-described structures. In operation pressure applied to the follower-plate 41, tending' to advance the same, causes the transverse displacement of the wedge-blocks 39 and also causes the advance of the follower 38. The advance movement of the follower 38 acts directly upon the spring, while the transverse movement of the wedge-blocks puts pressure on the secondary pressure-transmitting' member in an opposite direction, thereby adding the frictional resistance of the wedge-blocks to the resistance offered by the spring itself. Pressure in the opposite direction advances the followers 37 and secondary pressure transmitting members, while the spring acting' through the follower 58 drives the wedge-blocks in the same direction, adding the frictional resistance thereof to the movement of the secondary pressure-transmitting' member'. In Fig. 1i) the same arrangement of wedge blocks and follower- IOO IIO

ISO

plates 41, having' inclines 40, is preserved; but the frictional elements are arranged at both ends of the rigging and the spring or springs is or are confined between the followers 38. Thus the frictional elements will be double-acting, and all of said elements will operate to interpose frictional and wedging resistance under applied strains in either direction.

In some instances it may be desirable to multiply the number of wedge-blocks and coacting inclines at each end of the rigging, and it may also be desirableto arrange said wedgebloclis and coacting inclines about a common center, adapting the structure more particularly for a circular arrangement of the parts; but in said circular arrangement the straight back-and-forth lineal movement of the parts is preferably preserved as contradistinguished from a rotary or spiral movement, the construction wherein the latter movements are 1 by distributing somewhat the strains and enabling each of the elements to be made of smaller size but presenting in the aggregate equally great or greater frictional surfaces for augmenting the `spring resistance in the apparatus.

Referring particularlyv to Figs. 11, 12, and 13, it will be seen that the spring is confined between followers 42, which followers 42 are circular in cross-section, as shown in the elevation Fig. 12, and on the inner portion of said followers there are formed projections with inclined faces 43, such projections being located at opposite points in the follower. The secondary pressure-transmitting member in this instance is in the form of a rool 44, preferably centrally divided and coupled together by a coupling 45, whereby the alinement is preserved and a suflicient play is allowed for the preliminary direct compression of the spring under strains previously to the action of the frictional elements. The secondary pressure-transmitting element at the outer ends has transversely-extending projections or T-heads, having inclined faces 45, the inclined faces 45 and the inclined faces 43 forming between them wedge-shaped chambers adapted for the reception of wedgeblocls 46, which wedge-blocks are acted upon by follower-plates 47, interposed between said wedge-blocks and the pressure-transmitting

member

14 and 15. Obviously the pressuretransmitting member may act directly on said wedge-blocks; but the follower-plates are preferably employed. In this form of dedevice the operation is essentially similar to that described in connection with Fig. 4 of the drawings and will be readily understood without further description.

ln Figs. 14, 15, 16, and 17 a construction is illustrated which while preserving the circular arrangement the friction elements are arranged at one end only of the rigging, the construction in this respect corresponding to that heretofore described in connection with Fig. 6 of the drawings. In these aforesaid Figs. 14, 15, 16, and 17 the secondary pressure-transmitting member 48 may bear directly at one end against a follower-plate 49, and at the opposite end it is adapted to bear against shoulders 50 at the inner corners of oppositely-located wedges 51, which are confined in and guided by a casing 52, forming part of a follower 53. The oppositely-located wedges 54 are mounted in said casing 52, so as to move therewith; but they are preferably formed separately therefrom, and between the inclined faces of the wedges 51 and 54 wedge-blocks 55 (shown in perspective in Fig. 17) are mounted. In the preferred construction two of said wedge-blocks 55 are employed adapted to be displaced in opposite directions transversely under the iniiuence of pressure applied thereto by the pressuretransmitting member, preferably acting through a. follower-plate 56, bearing on the outer surfaces of the wedge-blocks. A sufficient play is left between the secondaryr pressure-transmitting member 48 and the follower-plate 49 or between said member and the wedges 51 to permit of the initial compression of the spring under light strains, the operation of the construction being in all respects similar to the operation of the construction heretofore described in connection with Fig. 6 of the drawings.

l/Vith a rigging constructed in accordance with the present invention it will be observed that aside from the important advantages accruing from the construction and arrangement of the parts whereby the manufacture and application of the rigging may be facilitated, two highly important and desirable results may be accomplished. By reason of the double action of the friction elements operating to compress the spring from opposite ends it is possible to provide for a long motion or compression with a comparatively short draw-bar movement; but although the movement of the latter is short in either direction the action of the spring is so augmented and controlled by the frictional elements that the power of the spring is vastly increased, and at the same time while the parts will return to normal position under the action of the spring there is no backlash of a dangerous character; but the recoil of the spring' is absorbed by the friction-surfaces, and, further, by providing for the bodily movement of the friction elements during the preliminary draw-bar movement a direct com- IOO IIO

IZO

pression of the spring' takes place, and thus in absorbing minor vibrations or strains wear on the friction elements is entirely avoided, thereby prolonging the life of the rigging and securing a somewhat easier train movement, but at the same time providing for the gradual and effectual absorption of heavy.

bufling strains when the same do occur, all with the use of a single spring member which is continuously compressed, but the power of which is augmented during the iinal compression.

Having' thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, isW4 l. ln a rig'ging' of the character specified, the combination of the following' instrumentalities, to wit, a pressure-transmitting' member, a yielding' pressure-absorbing' member having' a reactionary capacity, friction elements interposed between the pressure-transmitting' and pressure-absorbingmembers said friction elements being movable as a body during the initial compression of the pressureabsorbing member and a stop for retarding such bodily movement of one of the elements during the final compression of said member whereby said Vfriction elements are rendered active to augment the resistance of the pressure-absorbing member; substantiallyv as described.

2. In a rigging' of the character specified, the combination of the 'following instrumentalities, to wit; a pressure-transmitting' member, a pressure-absorbing member having a reactionary capacity, friction elements resisted in their movement by the reactionary pressure-absor bin g member and means whereby the pressure-transmitting member opera'tes to directly compress the resistance member during the initial movements and to indirectly compress the same through the friction elements during final movements or under strains greater than required to directly and initially compress the pressure-absorbing member; substantially as described.

3. In an apparatus of the character specified the combination of the following instrumentalities, to wit; a pressure-transmitting member, a secondary pressure-transmitting member, an incline moving with said secondary pressure-transmitting member, a wedgeblocli adapted to be displaced transversely by said incline, a follower coiperating with the wed ge-block a nd adapted to be displaced. thereby in a direction opposite to the direction of movement of the secondary pressure-transmitting member and a spring for resisting the movement of the follower; substantially as described.

et. in an apparatus of the character specified, the combination of the 'following instrumentalities, to wit; a movable secondary pressure-transmitting member, an incline moving' therewith, a follower-plate movable in one i l l i direction but held against movement in the opposite direction, a wedge-block adapted to be displaced transversely by said incline by strain applied to the secondary pressuretransmitting' member in one direction or to the follower-plate in the opposite direction, a follower cooperating with the wedge-block and adapted to be displaced thereby in one direction and a spring for resisting the movement of the follower; substantially as described.

In a rigging such as described, the combination of the following' instrumentalities, to wit; a prcssure-transmitting` member, a yielding'resistance member, inclines movable lineally but resisted in such movement by the yielding resistance member, independent inclines also movable lineally but resisted in such movement by the yielding' resistance member, means for rctarding the movement of said last-mentioned inclines and wedgeblocls interposed between said inclines and the pressure-transmitting member; substantially as described.

G. In a rigging such as described, the combination with a pressure-transmittiiig member, a yielding' pressure-resisting member arranged in alinement therewith and a secondary pressure-transmitting member extending from one end to the other of the pressure-resisting member, of transversely-movable friction elements located at one end of the yielding pressure-resisting member and interposed between the pressure-transmitting member, the pressure-resisting member and the secondary pressure-transmitting member, whereby movement of the former in one direction and the latter in the opposite direction will through the friction elements compress the yielding member; substantially as described.

7. In a rigging such as described, the combination with a pressure-transmitting' member, a spring' and friction al resistance elements operating to compress said spring when moved in relation to each other, thereby augmenting the resistance of the spring, of a secondary pressure-transmitting' member having' a limited movement in the line of spring' compression and coi'iperating' with said Vfrictional elements to render the same operative only when its movement in the line of spring compression is resisted and means in addition to the spring' for resisting such movement; substantially as described.

8. .ln a rigging' of the character specified, the combination with a pressure-transmitting member, a spring arranged in alinement therewith and frictional elements located between the press u re-transmitting member and spring', and having a movement with relation to each other te compress said spring, of a secondary pressure-transmitting member having a limited movement in the line of spring compression and cooperating with said fric-tional elements to move the same with relation to each IOO other after the spring has been preliminarily compressed to effect the final compression of the spring; substantially as described.-

9. In a draft-rigging the combination with the pressure-transmitting member, and the spring, of frictional elements interposed between said spring and pressure-transmitting members, said elements havinga limited movement as a body to preliminarily and directly compress said spring and a movement with relation to each other to indirectly and finally compress said spring and means for retarding the movement of one of said elements whereby the frictional elements are rendered operative to finally compress the spring; substantially as described.

10. ln a draft-rigging thev combination with the pressure-transmitting member and spring', of frictional elements interposed between the said member and spring and embodying' two members having friction-faces at an angle to each other and both movable in the direction of spring compression, means for retarding such movement of one of said members, and wedging member with which the pressuretransmitting member coperates interposed between said friction-faces whereby during initial movements the spring is directly compressed and during final movements indirectly compressed through the relative movements of the friction elements; substantially as described.

11. ln ad raft-rigging, the combination with the spring, a follower with which the spring engages having an incline thereon and a cooperating member having an oppositely-directed incline and capable of a limited movement in the direction of spring compression, of a wedging member interposed between said inclines and a pressure-transmitting member cooperating with the wedging member to compress the spring lirst by the unitary movement of the wedging member and members carrying the inclines with which it coperates `and secondly by the movement of said parts with relation to each other; substantially as described.

12. [n a d raft-rigging the combination with the pressure-transmitting member,the spring, and a follower engaging and through which said spring is compressed having a frictionface. of a member having a friction-face opposed and at an angle to the friction-face on the follower said member being movable in the plane of movement of the follower, means for checking its movement while permitting the follower to move and a loose wedging member interposed between the aforesaid opposing friction-faces and the pressure-transmitting member; substantially as described.

13. In a d raft-rigging the combination with the pressure-transmitting member, the spring` and a follower engaging and through which the spring is compressed having a frictionface, of a member having a friction-face opposed at an angle' to the friction-face on the follower said member being movable in the .plane of spring compression, a support for sure-transmitting member and secondary pressure-transmitting member whereby the spring may be compressed directly by the pressure-transmitting member and indirectly by pressure transmitted through the secondary pressure-transmitting member and wedging member; substantially as described.

15. In adraft-rigging the combination with the spring, followers between which it is confined, secondary pressure-transmitting member and follower-plates with which the pressure-transmitting member engages, said followers, secondary pressure-transmitting member and follower-plates having friction-faces arranged at an angle to each other and forming chambers between them at each end of the spring, and wedge-blocks mounted in said 'chambers whereby pressure applied to either follower-plate will compress the spring from both ends; substantially as described.

16. 1n a draft-rigging, the combination with the spring', followers between which it is confined and having friction-faces, a secondary pressure-transmitting member extending and having a movement longitudinally of the spring, with friction-faces thereon, opposed and at an angle to the friction-faces on the followers, of the follower-plates having friction-faces forming with the friction-faces on the followers and secondary pressure-transmittingI members, chambers at each end Vof the spring, wedges located in said vchambers and adapted by their angular displacement to nieve the followers longitudinally and a pressure -transmitting member coperati ng with the follower-plates; substantially as described.

17. ln a draft-rigging. the combination with the'spring, follower behind which it is confined and secondary pressure-transmitting mem ber forming a casing inclosing the spring' and capable of a limited movement longitudinally of the spring, of a pressure-transmitting member and a wedging member interposed between the same and the follower and secondary pressure-transmitting member and adapted by its angular displacement to move IOO the follower longitudinally in the same direction under pressure in one direction by the pressure transmitting member and under pressure in the opposite direction by the secondary pressure-transn'litting member; substantially as described.

18. ln a d raft-rigging, the combination with the spring, follower behind which it is confined and secondary pressure transmitting member, said follower and member having' opposing and oppositely-extending inclined friction -faces and the secondary pressuretransmitting member being capable of a limited movement longitudinally of the spring, of a follower-plate having' a friction-face, a stop for preventing outward movement of the plate, a pressure-transmitting member engaging the plate and a wedge-block interposed between the friction-faces of the follower, secondary pressure-transi'nitting member and follower-plate, whereby movement of the plate in one direction or movement of the secondary pressure-transmitting member in the opposite direction will advance the follower against the tension of the spring; substantially as described.

19. In a draft-rigging' the combination with the spring, followers between which it is confined having outwardly directed frictionfaces, a longitudinally -movable secondary pressure-transmitting member extending longitudinally of the spring and also having out- \\i'ardly-directed friction-faces, and wedgebloclis interposed between said faces, of follower-plates engaging said blocks, stops for preventing the outward movement of the follower-plates and a pressure-transmitting member engaging the follower-plates, substantially as described.

20. 1n adraft-rigging the combination with the spring, followers between which it is confined. having outwardly directed frictionfaces, a secondary pressu rc-transmitting member having friction-faces at an angle to the friction-faces on the followers, said secondary pressure-transmitting member being made in sections movable longitudinally with respect to each other, of follower-plates, stops to prevent their outward movement, wedge-blocks interposed between the follower-plates and friction-faces on the followers and secondary pressure-transmitting member and means for applying pressure to the follower-plates; substantially as described.

21. In a draft-rigging, the combination with the spring, the followers between which it is confined having outwardly-directed frictionfaces, the long'itudinally-movablc secondary pressure-transmitting member having outwardly-directed friction-faces at an ang'le to the faces on the followers and shoulders with which the followers engage, of follower-plates, stops to prevent outward movement of the follower-mates, wedge-blocks interposed between the follower-plates and friction-faces on the followersand secondary pressure-transmitting member and means for applying' pressure to the follower-plates; substantially as described.

22. ln a draft-rigging the combination with the spring, the followers between which the spring is confined having outwardly-directed friction-faces, the lon gitudinally-movable second ary pressure-transmitting member formed in two parts movable with respect to each other and having outwardly-directed friction-faces at an angle to the faces on the followers and shoulders with which the followers engage, follower-plates having in wardly-directed friction-faces, wedge-blocks located between the friction-faces, stops for limiting the outward movement of the follower-plates and means for applying' inward pressure to the followerplates; substantially as described.

23. ln adraft-rigging the combination with a fioating secondary pressure-transmitting member having' inclined friction-faces at its opposite ends, a spring arranged longitudinally of said member and followers between which the spring is confined having frictionfaces inclined at an angle to the frictionfaces on the secondary pressure-transmitting member, of follower-plates having frictionfaces, wedge-blocks confined between said friction-faces at both ends of the spring and stops for limiting the outward movement of the follower-plates; substantially as dl'fscribed.

24. In a draft-rigging the combination with the longitudinally-movable casing' forming a secondary pressure-transmitting member and having the friction-faces at its opposite ends, the spring' confined in said casing, the followers at the ends of the sprii'ig and having friction-faces inclined at an angle to the friction-faces on the secondary iin'essure-transmitting member and shoulders in the casing with which the followers engage, of the follower-plates having friction-faces, stops for limiting their outward movement, wedgeblocks interposed between said friction-faces and means for applying' pressure to the follower-plates; substantially as described.

25. VIn adraft-rigging, the combination with a cylindrical casing divided into sections movable longitudinally and havinga limited independent longitudinal movement, saidsections having outwardly-directed inclined frictionfaces, a spring confined inv said casing, followers between which said spring is located also confined in said casing and having' outwardly-directed friction-faces arranged at an angle with respect to the friction-faces on the casing, of follower-plates having inwardlydirected friction-faces, stops for preventing the outward movement of said follower-plates and wedgeblocks interposed between the friction-faces on the casing, followers and follower-plates respectively7 substantially as described.

26. ln a draft-rigging the combination with IOO IIO

the spring, followers between which the spring is confined having outwardly-directed inclined friction-faces, a Secondary pressure-transmitting member surrounding said spring and followers and having' outwardly directed inclined friction-faces arranged at an angle to the friction-faces on the followers, shoulders in said casing with which the followers engage and means for limiting the inward movement of the followers, of follower-plates, stops for preventing the outward movement of said plates, wedge-blocks interposed between said follower-plates and the inclined faces of the second ary pressure-transmitting member and followers respectively and means for applying pressure to said follower-plate; substantially as described.

27. In a draft-rigging the combination with the spring, followers between which said spring is confined having outwardly-directed inclined friction-faces, a secondary pressuretransmitting member in the form of a divided cylindrical casing inclosing said spring and having outwardly-inclined friction-faces and shoulders with which the followers cooperate to separate the sections of the secondary pressure-transmitting member, of follower-plates having forwardly directed friction faces, stops for limiting' the outward movement of said follower-plates, wedge-blocks interposed between the friction-faces on the followervplates, followers and secondary pressuretransmitting member respectively and means for applying pressure to said follower-plates; substantially as described.

9.8. In a draft-rigging the combination with the draw-bar and strap connected therewith, of follower-plates with which said draw-bar and strap cooperate, a spring, followers between which said spring is confined having friction-faces, a cylindrical casing inclosing said spring and followers and having frictionfaces opposing the friction-faces on the followers, wedge-blocks interposed between said friction-faces and follower-plate and stops for limiting the outward movement of the follower-plate; substantially as described.

Q9. In a draft-rigging the combination'with the spring,followers having outwardly-directed inclined friction-faces and wedge-blocks which cooperate with said friction-faces, of a longitudinally-movable member having' outwardly-directed friction-faces cooperating with said wedge-blocks, a follower-plate having friction-faces also cooperating with said wedge blocks and means for limiting the movement of the cooperating member referred to in one direction and for limiting the movement of the follower-platein the opposite direction; substantially as described. 'l

30. In a friction draft-gear the combination of the following instrumentalities, to wit: a

`member having a flaring mouth forming inclined friction-surfaces, and movable longitudinally, a spring located within said member and friction elements located in said iiaring mouth and cooperating with the inclined friction-surfaces whereby they are displaced transversely by longitudinal movement; substantially as described.

3l. In a friction draft-gear the combination of the following instrumentalities, to wit: a member having a flaring mouth forming inclined friction-surfaces and movable longitudinally, a spring located within said member, friction elements located in said flaring mouth, and followers located the one on the outer side and the other on the inner side of said friction elements and adapted to cooperate therewith; substantially as described.

32. In a friction draft-gear the combination with a longitudinally-movable casing having a Haring mouth, a spring mounted in said casing inside of the flaring mouth, friction elements located in said mouth and held outwardly by the spring, a follower between said elements and spring and an outside follower cooperating with said elements to force them into the bell-mouth against the tension of the spring and against the resistance of the friction between the elements and iiaring walls of the casing; substantially as described.

33. In a friction draft-gear, the combination with a member having friction-surfaces, and friction elements movable transversely of the line of pressure to engage such surfaces and having oppositely-disposed surfaces inclined with respect to the line of pressure, of followers located on opposite sides of said friction elements in the line of pressure, said followers having oppositely-disposed inclines cooperating with the inclined surfaces on the friction elements to press the latter transversely ofthe line of pressure and into contact with the friction-surfaces of the firstmentioned member, a spring and a pressuretransmitting member cooperating with said followers respectively; substantially as described.

34. In a friction draft-rigging, the combination of a member having friction-surfaces wedging friction elements movable transversely to engage such friction-surfaces, oppositely-disposed followers between which the friction elements are confined, both of said followers and the friction elements having cooperating inclines so directed that when the followers are pressed toward each other the friction elements will be moved transversely, means for moving the parts longitudinally to create friction and means for yieldingly resisting such movement; substantially as described.

35. In a friction draft-rigging the combination with a spring, a follower supported thereby and having oppositely-incline'd faces, vand a second follower having oppositely-inclined faces, of separate friction elements located IOO TIO

anni

between the inclined faces of the followers and adapted to be pressed transversely thereby. and an inclosing member having frictionfaces with which the friction elements coperate when pressed transversely and means` for moving said elements and members with respect to each other to create friction; substantially as described.

36. 1n a friction draft-gear, the combination with a casing movable in one direction and having friction-surfaces on the inner side, a spring in the casing, a follower supported by said springI and having oppositely-directed i inclines on its outer face and a second follower having` oppositely-direeted inclines on its inner face, of friction elements confined between the inclines on the followers and pressed by said inclines against the internal friction-faces in the casing; substantially as described.

3T. ln friction draft-gear, the combination with a centrally-disposed spring, followers at each end of said spring having oppositely-inclined friction-faces on the outer sides and outside followers havingl oppositely-inclined friction-faces on the inner sides, of friction elements confined between the friction-faces of the followers, at each end of the spring in position to be moved tnansversely by the expansion of the spring longitudinally of the device.

A draft-gear, comprising draft-irons followers between them spaced apart and having beveled or inclined surfaces on their proximate faces, friction elements having correspondingly beveled or inclined faces engaged by the faces on the followers. and having other beveled or inclined faces, inner followers having inclined outer faces engaging the last-mentioned faces on the friction elements to move the elements transversely of the line of pressure, a spring between said last-men tioned followers and means for limiting the transverse movement of the friction elements.

39. In a friction draft-gear and buffing apparatus, the combination of two sets of fric tion elements, each set comprising inner and outer followers having their proximate faces beveled or inclined to the line of pressure and intermediate beveled members and a spring arranged in the line of pressure between the sets of friction elements; substantially as described.

RIGHARD D. GALLAGHER, JR. lVitnesses:

J. B. PuY'roN, J r.,

H. R. .I-IowuNsrnIN.