US7691162B2 - Spike air filter apparatus and method - Google Patents
Spike air filter apparatus and method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US7691162B2 US7691162B2 US11/542,417 US54241706A US7691162B2 US 7691162 B2 US7691162 B2 US 7691162B2 US 54241706 A US54241706 A US 54241706A US 7691162 B2 US7691162 B2 US 7691162B2
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- air filter
- cowl
- air
- spike
- motorcycle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related, expires
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/24—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies
- B01D46/2403—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies characterised by the physical shape or structure of the filtering element
- B01D46/2411—Filter cartridges
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B27/00—Use of kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems, or of combustion residues in exhaust systems, for improving quantity of charge or for increasing removal of combustion residues
- F02B27/005—Oscillating pipes with charging achieved by arrangement, dimensions or shapes of intakes pipes or chambers; Ram air pipes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M35/02—Air cleaners
- F02M35/024—Air cleaners using filters, e.g. moistened
- F02M35/02475—Air cleaners using filters, e.g. moistened characterised by the shape of the filter element
- F02M35/02483—Cylindrical, conical, oval, spherical or the like filter elements; wounded filter elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M35/02—Air cleaners
- F02M35/04—Air cleaners specially arranged with respect to engine, to intake system or specially adapted to vehicle; Mounting thereon ; Combinations with other devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
- F02M35/10006—Air intakes; Induction systems characterised by the position of elements of the air intake system in direction of the air intake flow, i.e. between ambient air inlet and supply to the combustion chamber
- F02M35/10013—Means upstream of the air filter; Connection to the ambient air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
- F02M35/10242—Devices or means connected to or integrated into air intakes; Air intakes combined with other engine or vehicle parts
- F02M35/10262—Flow guides, obstructions, deflectors or the like
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
- F02M35/10242—Devices or means connected to or integrated into air intakes; Air intakes combined with other engine or vehicle parts
- F02M35/10301—Flexible, resilient, pivotally or movable parts; Membranes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M35/16—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines characterised by use in vehicles
- F02M35/162—Motorcycles; All-terrain vehicles, e.g. quads, snowmobiles; Small vehicles, e.g. forklifts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2273/00—Operation of filters specially adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D2273/30—Means for generating a circulation of a fluid in a filtration system, e.g. using a pump or a fan
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2275/00—Filter media structures for filters specially adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D2275/20—Shape of filtering material
- B01D2275/201—Conical shape
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B61/00—Adaptations of engines for driving vehicles or for driving propellers; Combinations of engines with gearing
- F02B61/02—Adaptations of engines for driving vehicles or for driving propellers; Combinations of engines with gearing for driving cycles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to a ram-air spike filter apparatus and method, and particularly to an air filter which is both decorative and utilitarian. More Particularly, this invention relates to such a spike air filter which has application to a large V-twin type of motorcycle.
- a decorative aspect of the air filter according to this present invention results from a dynamic or “mobile” aspect of its appearance while the motorcycle engine is running or in operation. That is, the housing or “spike” of the air filter includes a polished, facet-cut cowl portion which is rotational, and which rotates continuously, catching and reflecting available light.
- the rotating housing portion serves the utility of the motorcycle by opposing and smoothing ram-air flow resulting from movement of the motorcycle, which ram-air flow and attendant turbulence and pressure fluctuations may otherwise cause the motorcycle engine to run too lean or to run roughly were the air-smoothing accomplished by the spike air filter not effective.
- one particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention provides an elongate spike configuration of air filter for an automotive vehicle, the spike air filter having a cowl portion exposed to ram air resulting from movement of the automotive vehicle, and an air filter element disposed within the cowl, a motor disposed in driving association with the cowl and rotating the cowl during movement of the automotive vehicle.
- FIG. 1 provides a side elevation view of a motorcycle including a spike air filter according to this invention
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary view of a portion of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 provides an isolated perspective view of a spike air filter as seen in FIGS. 1 and 2 ;
- FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the spike air filter seen in the preceding drawing Figures
- FIG. 5 illustrates a cross sectional elevation view of an air filter according to the present invention
- FIG. 6 provides a plan view of an air filter according to this invention.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a front end view of the air filter.
- FIG. 1 shows a motorcycle 10 having a V-twin engine 10 a which is provided with an induction system, generally indicated with the numeral 12 , and including an air filter according to this invention.
- FIG. 2 shows that the engine 10 a includes a pair of cylinders 14 in a narrow-angle V-twin configuration, with an intake tract 16 carrying a carburetor 18 disposed between the cylinders 14 .
- FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate that the carburetor 18 is supplied with filtered ambient air via an air filter assembly 20 , best seen in FIG. 3 .
- the air filter assembly 20 includes a manifold portion 22 including a flange 22 a for attachment to the air intake of the carburetor 18 .
- This manifold portion 22 is generally of elbow, or L-shaped configuration, and internally defines a flow path (to be better illustrated and described below) by which air flows into the tract 12 of the engine 10 a .
- the manifold portion 22 carries a cowl part 24 defining a plurality of circumferentially arrayed, helical, and axially extending slots 24 a .
- the cowl part 24 defines an outer surface 24 b , and is rotational about its axial center line 24 c , as is indicated by rotation arrow 26 , best seen in FIG. 3 .
- the air filter assembly 20 defines a flow path 28 extending therethrough, which is of generally elbow or L-shape, and opening on one end of the manifold part 22 within flange 22 a .
- a plurality of radially extending integral struts 30 support a boss 32 adjacent to a flange portion 34 .
- This flange portion 34 presents an axially disposed annular surface 34 a and a radially outwardly disposed outer surface 34 b , both surrounding the flow path 28 .
- the boss 32 is internally threaded, and an externally threaded tubular mounting tube or conduit 36 threadably engages the threads of boss 32 .
- a two-part tubular motor housing structure 38 similarly threads onto the mounting tube 34 , to be supported within the flow path 28 .
- This motor housing structure 38 includes a first tubular part 40 and a second tubular part 42 , each cooperatively defining an internal cavity 44 for receiving an electric motor 46 .
- the first tubular part 40 defines an externally threaded boss portion 48
- the second tubular part 42 defines an internally threaded collar portion 50 , so that the housing parts 38 and 40 are threadably united by engagement of these threaded features so as to capture the motor 46 in cavity 44 .
- the electrical power wire 46 a from motor 46 passes through tube 36 into the boss 32 , and one of the struts 30 is provided with a central radially extending passage 30 a , which allows the wire to pass outwardly of the manifold portion 22 , as is seen best in FIG. 6 .
- the motor 46 is most preferably a gear-head type of motor, and includes an output shaft 46 b . To this output shaft 46 b is drivingly secured an elongate drive shaft 46 c .
- the tubular motor housing part 42 defines an axial through bore 52 through which passes the elongate drive shaft 46 c .
- the second housing part 42 also defines an axial boss 54 which is threaded to receive a collar member 56 .
- the collar member 56 also carries a roller bearing 58 , which journals the forward portion of shaft 46 c.
- a conical air filter element 60 surrounds the motor housing 38 , and includes an annular larger diameter end 60 a and an annular smaller diameter end 60 b .
- the air filter element is received at its larger diameter annular end 60 a against surface 34 a and at its smaller diameter annular end is engaged by the collar member 56 .
- the collar member 56 threadably engages on boss 54 of the motor housing 38 , allowing a user of the air filter 20 to snuggly retain the air filter element 60 by hand-tightening the collar member 56 .
- the distal end portion 46 d of shaft 46 c extends forwardly of the bearing 58 , as is best seen in FIG. 5 .
- the cowl member 24 Carried upon the distal end portion 46 d of the shaft 46 c , is the cowl member 24 .
- the shaft 46 c is provided with a circumferential groove 46 e .
- the cowl member 24 includes a blind stepped axial bore 62 .
- This bore 62 receives a clutch assembly 64 , consisting of a rotor 66 , and a pair of friction elements, each indicated with the numeral 68 , which sandwich the rotor 66 .
- a snap ring 70 retains the clutch assembly 64 in the bore 62 .
- a detent device 72 is carried in the rotor 66 and engages removably into the groove 46 e , so that the cowl 24 simply presses onto the distal end 46 d of the shaft 46 c .
- the distal end portion 46 d is provided with a flat or other driving feature engaging into the rotor 66 for transferring motor torque to the cowl 24 via the interposed friction elements 68 .
- the cowl 24 is driven in rotation by the motor 46 , but is free to turn ahead of the motor, or to be stopped from rotation should some object interfere with rotation of this cowl 24 .
- the cowl 24 includes a skirt portion 24 a which slightly axially overlaps or overlies the surface 34 b of flange 34 , so that the radial surface 34 b acts as a guide bearing surface to insure that the cowl 24 rotates without substantial wobble or misalignment.
- the length of the spike air filter 20 is generally aligned with the air stream flowing past the motorcycle due to its movement. That is, the front point or nose at center line 24 c of the air filter 20 points in the direction of travel, and the ram air flow from vehicle travel flows about the cowl 24 . In these conditions, the ram air flow could cause the engine 10 a to run erratically. However, attention to FIG. 7 will show that the helical direction of the slots 24 a would cause the ram air flow to spin the cowl 24 in a clockwise direction, were this cowl free to spin in that direction.
- the motor 46 drives the cowl 24 in counter-clockwise rotation, as is indicated by the arcuate arrows on FIGS. 6 and 7 , via the friction elements 68 .
- these friction elements are simply grease filled sealed ball bearing elements, with the grease filling serving to transmit torque from shaft 46 c via the hub 66 and the bearings 68 to the cowl 24 .
- the torque transmission between motor 46 and cowl 24 is sufficient to allow and permit the cowl to be rotated by motor 46 .
- the cowl 24 will stop spinning if it encounters any significant resistance.
- the cowl 24 will stop rotating. Further, the applicants believe that the selected counter-rotation of the cowl 24 assists in smoothing the ram air flow received by the engine 10 a via the air filter element 60 , such that turbulence and excessive air pressure is prevented from adversely affecting the running smoothness of the engine 10 a.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Lubrication Details And Ventilation Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (14)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/542,417 US7691162B2 (en) | 2006-10-03 | 2006-10-03 | Spike air filter apparatus and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/542,417 US7691162B2 (en) | 2006-10-03 | 2006-10-03 | Spike air filter apparatus and method |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20080078147A1 US20080078147A1 (en) | 2008-04-03 |
US7691162B2 true US7691162B2 (en) | 2010-04-06 |
Family
ID=39259797
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/542,417 Expired - Fee Related US7691162B2 (en) | 2006-10-03 | 2006-10-03 | Spike air filter apparatus and method |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US7691162B2 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
USD642593S1 (en) * | 2011-01-26 | 2011-08-02 | Performance Machine, Inc. | Air cleaner for a motorcycle |
US8657895B2 (en) * | 2012-05-02 | 2014-02-25 | Michael J. Kline | Jet engine deflector |
US8968437B2 (en) | 2012-05-02 | 2015-03-03 | Michael J Kline | Jet engine with deflector |
US20150233327A1 (en) * | 2014-02-16 | 2015-08-20 | K&N Engineering, Inc. | Air Box With Integrated Filter Media |
USD946054S1 (en) | 2021-06-10 | 2022-03-15 | Joe R. Granatelli | Decorative cover for an engine air filter |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20140202121A1 (en) * | 2012-06-18 | 2014-07-24 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Conical light fod momentum particle separator protector |
US10744440B2 (en) * | 2016-09-26 | 2020-08-18 | K&N Engineering, Inc. | Flangeless air filter |
Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3121545A (en) * | 1962-01-10 | 1964-02-18 | John J Moss | Rotary deflector for aircraft engine intakes |
US3196598A (en) * | 1962-10-31 | 1965-07-27 | Walter T Olson | Inlet deflector for jet engines |
US3871844A (en) * | 1973-09-28 | 1975-03-18 | Sr Frank F Calvin | Screen apparatus for air inlet |
US3998048A (en) * | 1973-11-09 | 1976-12-21 | Societe Nationale Industrielle Aerospatiale | Ram air intakes of rotary-wing aircraft turbine engines |
US4149689A (en) * | 1976-08-18 | 1979-04-17 | Mcdonald John | Protective screen for jet-engine intake |
US4157902A (en) * | 1975-09-22 | 1979-06-12 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Air cleaner system for over-highway trucks |
US6872232B1 (en) * | 1999-11-23 | 2005-03-29 | Marina Ellen Marinella Pavlatos | Engine with upstream and rotationally attached guard |
US20050210843A1 (en) * | 2004-03-24 | 2005-09-29 | Advanced Flow Engineering, Inc. | High flow air filtration system for ford truck |
US20060288673A1 (en) * | 2005-06-27 | 2006-12-28 | Wimmer Lee S | Velocity stack air filtration assembly |
US7179315B2 (en) * | 2004-08-04 | 2007-02-20 | Jui-Fa Huang | Vertical-shaft air filtering device having high flow rate and two-way air intake structure |
-
2006
- 2006-10-03 US US11/542,417 patent/US7691162B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3121545A (en) * | 1962-01-10 | 1964-02-18 | John J Moss | Rotary deflector for aircraft engine intakes |
US3196598A (en) * | 1962-10-31 | 1965-07-27 | Walter T Olson | Inlet deflector for jet engines |
US3871844A (en) * | 1973-09-28 | 1975-03-18 | Sr Frank F Calvin | Screen apparatus for air inlet |
US3998048A (en) * | 1973-11-09 | 1976-12-21 | Societe Nationale Industrielle Aerospatiale | Ram air intakes of rotary-wing aircraft turbine engines |
US4157902A (en) * | 1975-09-22 | 1979-06-12 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Air cleaner system for over-highway trucks |
US4149689A (en) * | 1976-08-18 | 1979-04-17 | Mcdonald John | Protective screen for jet-engine intake |
US6872232B1 (en) * | 1999-11-23 | 2005-03-29 | Marina Ellen Marinella Pavlatos | Engine with upstream and rotationally attached guard |
US20050210843A1 (en) * | 2004-03-24 | 2005-09-29 | Advanced Flow Engineering, Inc. | High flow air filtration system for ford truck |
US7179315B2 (en) * | 2004-08-04 | 2007-02-20 | Jui-Fa Huang | Vertical-shaft air filtering device having high flow rate and two-way air intake structure |
US20060288673A1 (en) * | 2005-06-27 | 2006-12-28 | Wimmer Lee S | Velocity stack air filtration assembly |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
USD642593S1 (en) * | 2011-01-26 | 2011-08-02 | Performance Machine, Inc. | Air cleaner for a motorcycle |
US8657895B2 (en) * | 2012-05-02 | 2014-02-25 | Michael J. Kline | Jet engine deflector |
US8945255B2 (en) | 2012-05-02 | 2015-02-03 | Michael J Kline | Jet engine with deflector |
US8968437B2 (en) | 2012-05-02 | 2015-03-03 | Michael J Kline | Jet engine with deflector |
US10024237B2 (en) | 2012-05-02 | 2018-07-17 | Michael J Kline | Jet engine with deflector |
US10774744B2 (en) | 2012-05-02 | 2020-09-15 | Michael J. Kline | Jet engine with deflector |
US11181044B2 (en) | 2012-05-02 | 2021-11-23 | Michael J. Kline | Fiber-reinforced aircraft component and aircraft comprising same |
US11668238B2 (en) | 2012-05-02 | 2023-06-06 | Michael J. Kline | Fiber-reinforced aircraft component and aircraft comprising same |
US20150233327A1 (en) * | 2014-02-16 | 2015-08-20 | K&N Engineering, Inc. | Air Box With Integrated Filter Media |
US10359010B2 (en) * | 2014-02-16 | 2019-07-23 | K&N Engineering, Inc. | Air box with integrated filter media |
US11306691B2 (en) | 2014-02-16 | 2022-04-19 | K&N Engineering, Inc. | Air box with integrated filter media |
USD946054S1 (en) | 2021-06-10 | 2022-03-15 | Joe R. Granatelli | Decorative cover for an engine air filter |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20080078147A1 (en) | 2008-04-03 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: SPYKE, INC., CALIFORNIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:MCCAHILL, BILL;CAMPBELL, STEVE;LLERANDI, TONY;REEL/FRAME:018384/0070;SIGNING DATES FROM 20060824 TO 20060925 Owner name: SPYKE, INC.,CALIFORNIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:MCCAHILL, BILL;CAMPBELL, STEVE;LLERANDI, TONY;SIGNING DATES FROM 20060824 TO 20060925;REEL/FRAME:018384/0070 |
|
REMI | Maintenance fee reminder mailed | ||
LAPS | Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees | ||
STCH | Information on status: patent discontinuation |
Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362 |
|
FP | Lapsed due to failure to pay maintenance fee |
Effective date: 20140406 |