US768116A - Steam-turbine. - Google Patents

Description

No."768,l'l6. PATEINTEID AUGJ23,1 '04.

. B. M. DUTTON.

STEAM TURBINE. APPLIOATION FILED 0011 1903.

I no MODEL.

IIiH

. PATENTED AUG. 23, 1904. 1 B. M. DUTTON,

STEAM TURBINE. APPLICXTION FILED. 0017, 1903.

N0 MODEL.

3. sums-sum 2.

PATENTED AUG. 23, 1904.,

B. M. DUTTO NL STEAM TURBINE. APPLIOA TION FI LEI) 001. 7, 1903.

no MODEL.

'zwzfiuam Hoe/wa J:

UNITED ST TES PatentedAugust 23, 1909.

PATENT OFFICE.

I BURTON M. BUTTON, 0E PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, assienoa 0E ONE-HALF TO W. L. COOK; OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

STEAM-TURBINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 768,116, dated August 23, 19 04.

Applicationfiled October '7, 1903- To It/Z whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, BURTON M.- DUT'ION, a citizenof United States, residing at Philadelph'ia, in the county of Philadelphia and State -5"of Pennsylvania, have inventedcertain new and useful lmprovements in Steainv'Iurbines,

of which'the following is a specification, ref-' erence being had therein to the accompanying vided with a rotatable membe-r and its operatively associated parts so arranged that said member will receive .both the initial or primary and a secondary impact from the working 1! mid.

The invention also contemplates, in combination with the rotary member above mentioned, the provision of aninner deflecting member arranged therewithin, and preferably an automaticallyoperable governor connected 2 5 with said deflecting member.

The invention still further'embraces a novel 'typeof' nozzle the peculiarcharacteristics of which render the useof the same especially advantageous in a turbine of the character Herein 3o defined.

The novel details in the construction and ar-' rangement of the several parts of the turbine will be ap parent from the detailed description hereinafter when readin connection with the 35.;accompanying drawings, forming part hereof, I

and wherein a convenient embodiment of the invention is'illustrated. It is, however, to be understood that in any future'interpretation as to the scope of the invention the same is in 40? no sense to be limited to any structural ele.

ments which may beshown or described, ex-

,cepting in so far as'any such may be specific-- ally included in the hereto-appended claims,

'being'obvious that many changes and altera-,

'tions may be made without in the least departing from the spirit of the invention. 1

Serial No. 176,103. na es.)

In the drawings, Figure l is an elevation of the turbine, a part of the casing being broken away and the nozzle being shown in vertical longitudinal section. ---Fig. 2 is a transverse vertical section ,taken through the center of V the machine. Figs. 3 and 4 are segme'nts respectively illustrating in a fragmentary manner the supporting-disks for the impact-blades l of the inner and outer members, the blades in each instance being shown in section. Fig.5 is an end view of the governor, parts ,being' shown in section and others broken away, a so showing in section. the supply-pipe torv the working fluid and the valve therein; and Fig. p 6 is a detail perspective. v

Referring more specifically. to the drawings, A designates a supporting base or platform, and B standards projecting upwardly there. from, C representing the casing of the turbine bolted at cor otherwise secured to the base A, said casing being relatively flat and of substan-' tially circular contour. 'The'casing at points adjacent to its'topand bottom and at opposite sides thereof is-provided with interiorlythreaded bores d for the reception of corre-' Sp'ondingly exte'riorly threaded nozzles "D, the latter constituting inlets for'the steam. Aspecific description of one of the nozzles will suffice -for both. From the section in'Fig. 1 it will be, seen that the nozzle D is bored, asat d, with a progressively decreasing curvature, com- 30 mencing at apoint approximately at right an gles to the axis of the nozzle and terminating in a plane parallel with said axis, whereby the bore gradually diminishes from its inlet to. its discharge end. Adapted -to be reciprocated within the bore just described is a conicalsliaped 'plugo'r valve E, the base of which in cross section is equal to and preferably slightly greater than thegreatest cross-section of the bored" and its surface graduating to a point slightly in the rear of the smallest cross-section ofsa'id bore. The greater tapering of the plug or valve relative to the bore of the nozzle leaves an annular passage-way therebetween.

F isa valve-casing through which an adjustablescrew-tl1readed operating-stem f for, the plug or valve passes, the valve-casing of both nozzlesbeing provided with inlet-openg ings in communication with, the respective branches g of a steam-supply pipe G, runing fluid to the nozzle, the reverse movement or. the valve opening the annular passage therearound. permitting ingress of the working fluid into such passage. The annular passage, as shown, is relatively narrow in crosssection at its inlet end and widens toward its discharge end; but by reason of its greater [diameter at its inlet end the aggregate area at this end is greater than obtains at its outlet end, thus furnishing a path of exit for the compressed working fluidby which the lat- --eral stress or pressure in such fluid is deflected by contact with the curved walls of the nozzle to the line of spouting. As this lateral stress of the fluid is thus deflected it results in an. accelerated velocity of the outflow, whiclrin turn results in the narrowing of the area required for such flow, inasmuch as the peculiar formation of the nozzle confines the fluid to a solid jet which will produce an impact conserving almost the entire energy of compression upon the line of spouting, whereby more efiicient energy transference is secured.

I is a stub-axle secured against rotatidnf to the standard B at the left of the machine. Fig. 2, and projecting inwardly from said standard, and I is a rotatable shaft having an interior sleeve or bushing i surrounding the stub-axle, this shaft being the driven shaft of the turbine and projecting at itsinner end .intothe casing C of the turbine through a stuffing-box z". The driven shaft may impart motion to any desirable mechanism, simply a a convenientconnection therefor being shown, the same including a gear-wheel K, arranged to be' engaged by a spiral screw or worm Z1, "slipped over the outer end of the shaft '1 and engaged therewith through the instrumentality of the threaded connection It, the worm being locked in position by a nut K, also slipped over the end ofthe shaft and threaded thereto.

To afi'or a suitable means of lubrication,

the stub-shaft I is bored,longitudinally, as at the inner end of said bore communicating with at upwardly-extending funnel or mouth I, which'in turn registers with an oil-duct in the upper end of the standard B.

L is ad oil-cup sechred to the upright providedwith a plugged fill-opening 1 said cup 'being adapted to receive oil up to approximately the level shown, an inturned flange 1" preventing exit of oil from the cup around the shaft 1. Secured to the shaft, so as to rothrough the disks Q, and R.

tate therewith, is a plate M, provided with pockets m in the face thereof which opposes the inner face of the standard B, said pockets being arranged-in circular series and adapted to register with the oil-duct Z", whereby the plate when rotating with the shaft will carry a quantity of oil from the lower portion of the cup L up to and discharge the same in the oil-duct. The bore in the stub-axle 1 opens at its inner end into a chamber m, situated between the end of the stub-axle and the closed end m of the rotary shaft 1. From this chamber the oil feeds over the working surface of the stub-axle through the longitudinal grooves m in the bushing 5.

Upon the end of the shaft 1 and within the casing C, I mount a disk N, the same being secured to the shaft, so as to rotate therewith,-

through the medium of a threaded coupling ring 0 is arranged at a suitable distance therefrom, and fitting within semicircular grooves p in the-inner faces of the disk and ring are a series of semicircular vanes or blades P, held in place by transverse bolts and nuts engaging the curved plate N and passing through the disk N and ring 0. These vanes terminate tangentially of the periphery of the wheel, which we will term the structure constituted by the disk and ring, and are arranged to receive the impact of the working fluid from the nozzle D in the line of their termini, whereby such fluid isdeflected to an angle of approximately one hundred and eighty degrees, or a reverse turn, byfollowing the concave surfaces ofthe vanes or blades. This wheel is the active or revolving outer member of the machine. The inner member constructed as follows: Q and R are oppositely disposed disks arranged within the wheel or outer member, the first-mentioned disk. Q, being seated in an offset portion 1 of the disk N and the last-mentioned disk, R,being disposed in vertical line with the ring 0, where-- by the inner faces of the operating portions of the disksN and Q and the disk R and ring 0 are respectively flush with each other. The inner faces of the disks Q and R are provided with grooves (1 and 7'. Curvedto a quadrant and fitting within these grooves are a series of correspondingly-curved vanes or blades S. beid in place by bolts and nuts 5 passing transversely the inner member in proper operating rela- For supporting tion to the other parts of the turbine head U is secured thereto by any suitable means,

preferably bolts 11, and projecting from the ,head is a shaft V, extending through the stuii ing-box u in the casing C, the outer end ther of'being supported by the upright B. That the securing rolts p and a may offer as little obstruction as possible to the working fluid flattened, as at 11, said flattened portions fitting snugly against the convexed side of the blades. The blades of both the outer and innor members are of course arranged in circular series, and the outer ends of the blades b terminate at a tangent reverse of that of the inner ends of the blades P of the outer member. The inner ends of said blades S converge into the radii of the circle in which they are-set. 'The disks Q and R of the inner member are solid and constitute and inclose an interior centrally-located chamber T, into which the'inflow of fluid is forced by the energy itmay contain after the initial impact with the. outer member. This inflow is conducted radially inward by deflection with the static blades of the inner member (it being understood that the inner member is normally stationary) and converging to the center creates a compression commensurate with its velocity, resulting in an outflow in all drections.

The outflow in turn is deflected by contact with the inner vanes, so as to direct the flow tangentially to the inner termini of the active vanes .1, whereby an additional impact is secured upon-the outer revolving member. It will thus be seen that the inner member serves the dual function of directing both the inflow and outflow from the chamber T. It is also to be appreciated that the initial impact from the nozzle is at high velocity and that it is a physical law that energytransferby impact or, collision can never be complete where disarity of mass obtains unlessthe impelled component'is invested with a velocity su'iflciently near that of the impelling component as to bring the two components to the correct relation. Therefore in a turbine n which a.

simple impact'only is secured the velocity or rate'ofl revolutions would of necessitybe so i high in order to bear the proper relation to ugal force.

the spouting velocity of the working fluid as to generate a destructive or dangerous centr fnomi'cal energy-transfer froma commensurately low spouting velocity must .of necessity carry a cumbersome or structural complica.

tion of varies in order that therequired area of action may be secured to afford a constant stresssuflieiently great to care for the load.

It is a mean between these two principles or. types that 1 have dev'isedatheengine herein-.

before described, in connection with which latter it may be-further pointed out that in the.

initial impact when the engine is sogearcd as the wheel is so great as to leave a considerable percentageof energy conserved by then i by the ad usted tension of thesprmgAc may be indicated, a scale 9 beingshown in ig. 2

working fluichand it is this energy, as has been explained, which converges nto the 0on from the base A.

On the other hand, ,a turbine ofthe slow-speed type in order tosecure an eco' the same will bear a proper velocity relation required to secure almost compiete energy transfer.

The inner member not only acts as a de' flector in the manner which has thus far been pointed out, but the same is also associated with certain other instrumentalities whereby it acts as a highly-sensitive governor.

Referring now more particularly to Figs. 2, 3, and 5, a worm W is secured to the shaft V, so as to rotate therewith, said worm being arranged to engagewitha gear-wheel X, carried i by a transversely-arranged shaft h, which constitutels the operating-stem for the'valve Hin the-fluid-su ppl y pipe G, hereinbef'ore referred to. The outer end of the shaft his rotatably supported in a bracket Y projecting upwardly The gear-wheel X is'loose upon the shaft It, whereby the shaft may be operated independently of .-the gear wheel when found expedient. Around the shaft h is acoiledspring Z, the outer'endof which is rigidly secured to the bracket Y, while the.

- inner end thereof is connected to the-arm or projection h of the shaft 7L. This spring is for the purposeof creating a tension in the direction of the arrow, 'Fig. 2, wherebythe arm It. forcibly contacts-a pin it, projecting laterally fromthe face of. the gear X. Outside of the bracket 3'. and rigidly-securedto, the protruding end of the shaft or valve-stem i1. is a lever 1. 2 is an offset arm secured to the bracket Y, the same being provided with tr al chamber '1 and creates a radial outflow i which has simultaneous action with the c0ucaved surface of all of the blades P carried' a bearing for a thumb-screw 3, the function of which-is to act as a stop whereby the limit of downward movement of' the lever .1 is ad- I adjusted, consequently restricting'the movement of the shaft/L and thevalve H, carried thereby, as is obvious. 4 is afspring coiled about the shaft V, designed for receiving, the stress of-the inner member .of. the turbine and in this capacity actsas a counter-. balance. as will more clearly hereinafter ap pear. One end of this spring is rigidly secured to the worm W, and theopposite end thereof is correspomlingly attached to a disk 5, the shaft V working loosely through this disk. The disk 5 may be rotated upon the shaft- V'to properly regulate the tension of the .spring 4 by meansof an opposing d isk6; rigidlymounted upon the uprightB, and the-bolte and-nut fastening, device 7, adapted to pass through a suitable aperture in the disk 6 and any one of a series.Obapeztures.8 in the disk 5, arranged in circular series, whereby they may duly register with said aperture in the dish 6. The disk 5may carry any convenient or preferred scale or registering devlce where for this purpose. The function of the spring 4 is, as stated, to set up a counter-strcss to.

that of the inner-member of the turbine. An increase of the load upon the engine tends to slow down the speed of the outer or working member or wheel, thereby reducing its capacity to absorb the energy of the initial impact to a degree commensurate with the reduction of speed, and this at a ,ratio apropos will increase the stress of impact upon the inner member both as to egress and ingress. Therefore the inner member will revolve against the counter stress of the spring 4 until a point is reached at which the progrcssively-increasing resistance of the spring will establish an equilibrium with the force upon the" inner member of the turbine, which puts the spring under tension. The increase of stress upon the inner member being commensurate with the decrease of ingress in the load and rotating the shaft V, it will, through the medium of the worm-wheel W rotating with the shaft,

turn the gears-wheeL'X in the direction opposite to that shown' by the arrow. whereby the pin a: on the gear-wheel contacting with the arm h on the shaft or valve-stem 1 in the path of its movement will carry said arm around with the gear X, thereby corre pond ingly rotating the valve-stem it against the tension of its spring Z and opening the valve h to a de ree proportionate to the increase of load. T 1e function of the lever 1 is to open the valve H by hand when occasion may require, as when the full efliciency of the en-- gine is desired-for instance, in starting up under full load. g

As will be understood, the operation of the parts of the governor is such as to increase the opening of the valve H by a continued movement in the manner specified or in a reverse movement to decrease the opening of the valve, &c., according to the fluctuations of the load, it being remembered that the spring 4 is of sufiicient tension to exert a counter stress. overcoming any tendency of the inner member to rotate under normal con- I ditions, whereby said inner member is relatively stationary excepting under abnormal conditions. I 10 represents the outlet from the casing C for the working fluid.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new, and desired to be secured by Letters Patent, is

1. In a turbine, movable inner and outer members provided with vanes, the outer member being rotatable independently of and around said inner member, and a governor actuated by the inner member.

2. In a turbine, a wheel provided with vanes,

' means for imparting an initial impact to said vanes. means whereby a secondary impact willalso be imparted to said vanes, governor lnstrumentahties, and connections between said governor instrumentalities and the lastmentioncd means and actuated thereby.

3. In a turbine, movable inner and outer members provided with vanes. one of said members being rotatable independcrdly of and around the other member said other member being relatively stationary under normal conditions, and means actuated by said other member whereby the operating medium is controlled.

ii:- In a turbine, movable inner and outer member's provided with vane's, said outer mcmber being rotatable independently of and around said inner member, driven instrumentalities operatively associated with the outer member, and means actuated by the inner member whereby the operating medium is controlled.

5). In a turbine, movable inner and outer members provided with vanes, one of said members being rotatable. independently of and around the other member, driven instrumentalities operatively associated with one of said members, and means actuated by the other of said members whereby the operating medium is controlled.

6. In a turbine. nan able inner and outer members provided with vanes, one of said members being rotatableindependently of and around the other member, said other member being relatively stationary under normal conditions, driven instrumentalities operatively associated with therrotatable member, and means actuated by said other member whereby the operating ,medium is controlled. 7. In aturbine, inner and outer members provided with vanes, the outer member being rotatable independentlyof and around said inner member, and said inner member being provided with an internahchamber normally opening only to the passages between its vanes, and means actuated by said inner member whereby the operating medium may be controlled.

8. In a turbine, inner and outer members provided with vanes. one of said members being rotatable independently of the other member and around the same, said other member having an internal chamber normally opening only tothe passages between its vanes, and means actuated by said other member whereby the operating medium is controlled.

9. In a turbine, inner and outer members provided with vanes, one of said members being rotatable independently of the other memher and around the same, said other member being relatively stationary under normal conditions and having an internal chamber normally opening only to the passages between its vanes, and means actuated by said other member whereby the operating medium is controlled.

10. In a turbine, inner and outer members provided with vanes, one of said members being rotatable independently of and around i providedwith vanes, one'of said members hethe other member; said other member being relatively stationary and having an interior chamber normally closed save at points adjacent its' vanes.

11. In a turbine, inner and outer members provided with vanes, the outer member being rotatable independently of and around said inner member, said inner member being relatively stationary and having an interior chambe'r normally closed save at points adjacent having an interior chamber normally closed its vanes. a

i 12. In a turbine, inner and outer members provided with vanes, one of said members being rotatable independently of and around the other member, and said other member save at points adjacent to its vanes.

13. In a turbine, inner and outermembers provided with-vanes, the outer member being rotatable independently of 'and'aroun'd said inner member, and said other member having an interiorchamber' normally closed save at points adjacent to its vanes.

14, In a turbine, inner'and outer members provided with vanes, one of said members being rotatable independently of 'and around the other member, said other member being relatively stationary under normal conditions and yieldable under abnormalc'onditions.

15. In a turbine, nner and outer members provided with vanes, the outer member being rotatable independently of and around said inner member, said inner member being relt-iv'ely stationary under normal conditions and having an internal chamberopening to the passages between its vanes, and means actuated by said inner member whereby the operating medium may becontrolled by the movement of the inner member under-abnormal conditions,

17. In a turbine, inner and outer membersprovided with vanes, one of said members being rotatable independently of and around the other member, said other member being'relatively stationary under normal conditions and byieldable under abnormal conditions, and instrumentalities controlled by said last-men tioned member for controlling the operating medium.

In a tu rbine, inner and outer members provided with vanes, the outer member being rotatable independently of and around said inner' member, said lnner m'ernber being rela-, tively statlonary under normal conditions and yieldable underabnormal conditions, and

means controlled by said last-mentioned mem- 5 a l ing rotatableindependently of the other mem-v her for controlling the operating medium.

19. In a turbine, inner and outer members ing rotatable independently of and around the other member, said other member being relatively stationary under normal conditions and yieldable under abnormal conditions, and instriimentalities controlled by said last-mew tioned member for controlling the operating medium, including a shaft, a tensioning device therefor, a valve, and valve-actuating means operatively associated, with said. shaft.

20. In a turbine, inner and outermembers provided with vanes, one of'said members be-, ingrotatabl'e independently of and around the other member, said other member being relati vely stationary undernormal conditions and 'yieldable under abnormal conditions, and instrumentalities controlled by said last-mentioned member for controlling the operating medium, including a sh'aftfan adjustable tens1on1ng device, therefor,.a valve, and valveactuatmg means operatively associated with said shaft.

21. In a turbine, inner and outer members provided with vanes, one ofsaid members beingrotatablc independently of and around the other member, said other member being relatlvely stationary under normal conditions and yieldable under abnormal conditions, and in strumentalities controlled by said last-mentloned member for controlling the operating .medium, including a'shaft, and a tensioning device therefor.

22'. In a turbine, inner and outer members provided with vanes, one of said members beprovided With vanes,,one of said members be ing rotatable independently ofand around the other member,-sa1d other member being relatively stationary under normal conditions and yielda-ble under abnormal conditions ,'and instrumentalities controlled by said last-mentioned member for controlling the operating medium, including a shaft for said last-mentioned member, a valve, and valve-actuating means opcr'atively associated with said shaft.

24. In a-turbine, inner and outer members provided with vanes, one of said members being rotatable independently of the other mem-' her and around the same, said other member being relatively stationary under normal conditions and yieldable under abnormal conditions, and a counteracting tensioning device resisting the movement of said other member;

25. In a turbine, inner and outer members provided with vanes, one of said members beber and around the same, said other member rfo being relatively stationar-y imder noignal cond tions and yieldable under abnormal conditions. and a counteractingad ustable tension mg device resisting the movement of said other member.

26. In a turbine, inner and outer members provided with vanes, one of said members being rotatableindependentlyof and around the other member and said other member having an interior chamber normally closed save at points adjacent to its vanes, and the vanes of said members being curved inreverse directions relative to each other.

27. In a turbine, inner and outer members provided with vanes, the vanes of said members being curved in reverse directions relative to each other and one of said members having an interior chamber normally closed save at points adjacent to its vanes.

28. In a turbine, inner and outer members provided with vanes, one of said members be ing rotatable independently of and around the other member, said other member being relatively stationary and having an interior chamber normally closed save at points adjacent to its vanes, and the vanes oi said-members being curved in reverse directions relative to each other.

29. A turbine-Wheel comprising oppositelydisposed members provided with a circular series of curved grooves in their inner faces, curved vanes in said grooves, and means for clamping the members and vanes together comprising bolts and binding-nuts therefor, said bolts being reduced intermediate their ends for the purpose described.

30.' A nozzle for turbines comprising an elongated tubular member having a curved bore gradually tapering from its inlet to its outlet'end, in combination with a plug-valve comprising an elongated cone tapered from end to end, and of substantially the length of the tubular member arranged within said tubular member, the tapering of said cone being greater than the tapering ofthe bore of .the tubular member, substantially as described.

31. A nozzle for turbines comprising an elongated tubular member having a curved bore gradually tapering from its inlet to its .outlet end, in combination with a plug-valve comprising an elongated cone arranged within said tubular member, the tapering of said cone being greater than the tapering of the.

bore of the tubular member, and the base ofthe (one being of a diameter substantially equal to the inlet-opening of the bore of the tubular member.

32. In a turbine, inner and outer members provided with vanes, the outer member being rotatable independently of and around said inner member, the said inner member being provided with an internal chamber normally opening only to the passages between its vanes,

and a feed-nozzle arranged tangentially of said outer member.

33. In a turbine, a rotatable member, a horizontal shaft therefor, and means for lubricating said shaft including aduct leading thereto, afixed oil-cup through which said shaft passes, a movable means for conducting oil from the cup to said duct, and an inturned flange on the cup immediately adjoining the opening therein through which the shaft passes, for the'purpose set forth.

34. A governor including a rotatable shaft, a gear thereon, a second gear meshing with said first-mentioned gear, a pin on said second gear, controlling means, and means in the path of said pin for operating said controlling means.

35. A governor including a rotatable shaft, a gear thereon, a second gear meshing with said first-mentioned gear, a pin on said second gear, controlling means, means in the path of said pin for automatically operating said controlling means, and independent means for manually operating said controlling means.

36. A governor including a rotatable shaft, a tension device therefor including a coilspring, one end of which is connected to 1'0- tate with said shaft and the other end being fixed, and means connected to one end of the spring for initially adjusting the same at a predetermined normal tension thereof.

37. A governor including a rotatable shaft, a tension device therefor including a coilspring, one end of which is connected to rotate with said shaft and the other end being fixed, means connected to one end of the spring for initially adjusting the same at a predetermined normal tension thereof, .and controlling means operatively associated with said shaft.

38. Ina turbine, inner and outer members provided with vanes, the-vanes of the outer member being arranged in series concentric to the series of the vanes of the inner member, one of said members being rotatable independently of the other member and around the same, and the vanes thereof being adapted to receive an initial and also a secondary impact, and the vanes of the other memberbeing arranged to deflect the operating medium to effect said secondary impact.

39. In a turbine, a wheel provided with vanes, means for imparting an initial impact to said vanes, means whereby a secondary impact will also be imparted to said vanes, governor instru mentalities, and connecting means between said governor instrumenialities and one of said means and actuated by the latter.

In testimony whereof I affix my signai uro in presence of two witnesses.-

BURTON M. l)U'l.T()l\'.

'Witnesses:

JOHN J. Tciisnn, GEO. B. TURNER.

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