US762263A - Steam-turbine. - Google Patents

Description

No. 762,263. PATEN'I'ED JUNE'7, 1904. F. M. P. GAZIN.

STEAM TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED DEG. 23. 1903. 10 MODEL.

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, PATBNTED JUNE 7, 1904.

F. M. F. GAZIN. STEAM TURBINE.

APPLIOATIOH FILED D110. 23. 1903.

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Patented June '7, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

FRANCIS M. F. CAZIN, OF HOBOKEN, NEW JERSEY.

STEAM-TURBINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 762,263, dated June '7, 1904.

Application filed December 23. 1903. Serial N 186,334. No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, FRANoIs M. F. GAZIN, residing at Hoboken, in the county of Hudson and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam-Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in turbines; and it more particularly seeks to provide a steam-operated turbine which will permit of operation at a reduced normal revolving speed without lowering the efficiency of the turbine.

Again, the invention seeks to provide a turbine of this character in which the fluid-pressure willbe-automatically regulated.

With other objects in view, which will ,be

hereinafter apparent, the invention consists in certain novel constructions and combinations 1 of parts, all of which will be first described in detail and then specifically pointed out in the appended claims. reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of one form of my invention. Fig. 2 is a cross-section thereof on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a similar view on the line 3 3 of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is across-section on the line 4 4 of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section of another form of my invention. Fig. 6 is a detail perspective view of one of the turbinewheels. Fig. 7 is a diagrammatic View, hereinafter specifically referred to. Fig. 8 is a view of another modification.

Referring now to'the accompanying drawings, in which like numerals and letters of reference indicate like parts in'all the figures, 1 designates the boiler, which consists of a cylindrical shell 1, to the endsof which rings 1 are riveted or otherwise secured, and the head-plates 2 2, secured to the shell 1 by the bolts 2 or otherwise.

To form an air-tight seal between the headplates 2 2 and the shell 1, I may interpose any suitable packing 1, such as lead, whenever it may be found desirable. The boiler 1 1 designate supports in which the boiler is mounted to provide a space 1" beneath the same in which the burner feed-pipes 20, carrying the burners 21, are held. The said burners 21 are preferably in the nature of Bunsen burners, so that the heat applied to the boiler may be in the nature of Bunsen flames eminating from a large number of burners on a plurality of pipes arranged in any suitable manner beneath the boiler, and the said pipes are provided with suitable I valves 28 to permit of regulating the distribution of heat. as may be found desirable.

Centrally the boiler-heads are each provided with a gland or stuflingbox 10, through which the drive-shaft 10, mounted in bearings 10 10", passes, and the said shaft 10 carries a pulley 10, as clearly shown in Fig. 1.

Suitable water-inlet pipes u and outlet-pipes y, as well as pressure-gages p and water-gages r, are provided for the usual purpose.

The turbine proper comprises a shell or casing 5, formed with a plurality of compartments 5, and the said compartments 5 may be of different diameters in cross-section, as shown. Each compartment 5 is separated from the other by the division-plates or webs 5 each of which has a central alining aperture 5, through which the drive-shaft 10, carrying the turbine-wheels 11, passes, and the said division-plates 5 also have communicating steam passages 5 extending in a semicircular path, as shown in Fig. 4, for the purposes presently to be explained. The turbine-shell 5 also includes condensing-charm bers 5 5 at each end thereof, into which the dispensed steam passes through the passages and with which the sprinklerpipe 6 and the water and air exhaust pipes 7 communicate. The turbine-wheel also includes flange portions 5 5*, by which the said shell is bolted or otherwise secured to the head-plates 2 2 of the boiler.

The turbine-wheels 11 are constructed substantially as shown in Fig. 6 and include a hub portion 11 and a peripheral rim 11", to which the buckets 12 are attached. The bucketswhich are attached to the periphery 11 of the middle wheel 11 are in the nature of double buckets of a construction similar to that disclosed in my Patent No. 738,292, granted September 8, 1903, and which buckets are more clearly shown in Fig. 6, by reference to which figure it will be seen that the buckets 12 of the central wheel each comprises two compartments 12" 12", the central divisionrib 12, and the side walls 12 12, as well as the end walls 12 12, and the lip 12", all of which are fully disclosed in my patent above referred to and all of which 1309 R6 form no part of my present invention. The central wheel receives the steam under full boilerpressure through apertures 5 in the turbineshell, which apertures are disposed centrally to the wheel at such an angle that the inflowing jets of steam will be tangent to the buckcts 12, as clearly shown in Fig. 2. The inlet apertures or channels 5 are preferably located in the upper half of the shell-wall, while the outlet-apertures 5 may only communicate with the lower portions of the chambers 5, or they may communicate both with the upper and lower portions thereof, if found desirable. The buckets or vanes on the remaining wheels are in the nature of single buckets instead of double'buckets, as on the central wheel, and these single buckets are of precisely the same construction as either half of the double buckets; but these single buckets receive the steam at one side instead of centrally, as do the double buckets.

8 designates a head arranged over the inlets 5 to form a steam-receiving chamber 8, as shown, and this hood maybe of any approved shape or design desired. The hood 8 has an aperture forming a valve-seat 8", withwhich the valve 9 cooperates. All steam to be supplied to the turbine-wheels must first pass into the chamber 8 through the valveaper ture 8 before it can pass through the channels 5 to reach the turbine-wheel buckets. The valve 9 has a stem 9, which passes through a gland 9 in the boiler-wall 1 and connects with the lever 9, which is fulcrumed at 9 and which connects with the centrifugal governor 9, which in turn is connected with the shaft 10 through the belt and pulley devices 1O in any approved manner which will allow of the governor performing its usual and desired functions. This governor 9 per 86 may be of any approved type so long as it performs the functions assigned to it.

In Fig. 5 I have shown a slightly-modified form of my invention in which the inner boiler-wall 3 is dispensed with, its function being performed by theturbine-wall alone.

Again, in Fig. 8 I have shown another modification in which the boiler-wall 3 and the turbine-shell 5 are formed together at the middle portion, as shown.

In Fig. 7 1 haveshownadiagrammatic view of the steam course during its travel from the central chamber to the end condensing-chambers.

So far as described the operation of my invention is substantially as follows: The boiler having been filled with an adequate quantity of water, the burners 21 are lighted in the usual manner to apply heat to the boiler, and the flames of the burners can be readily regulated by the valves 20 to regulate the degree of heat applied to the burner. As steam is generated in the boiler and fills the upper part of the boiler-chamber the same will flow through the valve-aperture 8" into the chamber 8, from whence it will pass through the apertures 5 into the central chamber 5 and be projected against the buckets 12 of the central wheel tangentially thereto, as diagrammatically shown in Fig. 8, by reference to which it will be seen that the steam as it enters the central chamber will strike the rib 12 and divide, a portion of the steam-jet flowing toward the right and a portion toward the left of the turbine. Owing to the form and shape of the buckets, the steam after it has come into contact with the rib 12 and divided will flow in a practically U-shaped path, and as the steam reaches the ends of the buckets'at the sides of the chamber it will be flowing in a reverse direction .to the direction of its inflow. .The steam so reversed then flows through the apertures 5 which being arranged in a semicircular path or direction opposite to that of the bucketfaces will again direct the steam to its initial or forward direction as it enters the chambers at either side of the first chamber-*namely, the second chambersand the steam will therefore be directed against the buckets of the next succeeding wheels in a forward direction. 1 After striking these buckets of the second wheel the direction of the steam is again reversed and again rectified when it passes through the next set of apertures 5 to the next wheel, and so on until the steam reaches 1 5 the condensing chamber, where it may be either condensed and then drawn off or drawn oif initially through the pipes 7 by any suitable pumping means. (Not shown.) It will thus be seen that the steam, which acts on the I 10 various wheel-buckets, will always act upon the said buckets in one direction only to impart continuous rotary motion to the wheels in one continuous direction of rotation. Should at any time the turbine speed up to a point 5 beyond its normal revolution speed, the governor 9 will, through the lever 9 closethe valve 9 to shut off the steam-supply, and by adjusting the burners 21 the steam-pressure and amount of steam in the boiler can be mg 120 ulated at the will of the operator. The moderation or reduction of steam in my improved steam-turbine is to be secured in the first instance by avoiding excessive crowding of resistance-faces, and in the second instance by 5 moderating or reducing the velocity of ejection by initial expansion. This can be effected by the volume of the space given, equal in and steam-generator as disclosed in this application, shows the means for such simultaneous regulation by the application of the centrifugal governor to the steam-turbine, and by the regulation at will of the heat applied to produce water evaporation and steam-pressure. In addition thereto this invention discloses specifically-distributed channels for transferring steam from one power-wheel to supplemental ones and finally into the condensingchambers, the distribution or arrangement of channels being such as to cause full pressure on one wheel to be simultaneous with reduced pressure, by expansion on another wheel and at uniform but reduced normal speed.

While I have shown buckets such as disclosed in my patent before referred to, yetI desire it understood that I am not limited to the use of such buckets, but that any suitable form of bucket which will perform the required functions may be used with my turbinesuch buckets, for instance, as are disclosed in my Patents No. 578,812and No. 578,813 of March 16, 1897 since they (the buckets) form per 86 no part of. my present invention.

It should be understood that the area of the various steam-inlets 5 the passages 5 and the aperture 8 should be so proportioned that the added area of cross-section of the inlets 5 equals that of the aperture 8 and that of the added cross-sectional areas of all the apertures 5 which communicate with the central chamber.

From the foregoing description,taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, it will be seen that I have provided a turbine which will be economical and eflicient in operation, which is capable of running at a more moderate speed than has heretofore been provided, and that I have disclosed means whereby heat may be economically applied and utilized to effect the more efficient operation of the turbine. I also desire it understood that the turbine-casing 5 may be made in sections in practice, which sections may be secured together in any ordinary and approved manner to admit of readily assembling the parts. Again, I do not desire to limit myself to the exact construction and arrangement of parts shown and described, as it is obvious that many slight changes in the detail construction and arrangement of parts may be made without altering their functional cooperation and without departing from the scope of th appended claims.

From the foregoing it is thought the construction, operation, and advantages of my invention will be readily understood by those skilled in the art to which it appertains.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patcut, is

1. The combination with a steam-turbine of apower-fluid producer of mainly annular form located concentrically with respect to the turbine.

2. In an apparatus of the character stated, a hollow annular reservoir forming a chamber, a turbine including an annular casing, said turbine-being wholly within the reservoir chamber and arranged concentrically therewith and having apertures communicating therewith.

3. The combination with a boiler having a steam-space, of a turbine including a casing disposed wholly within said boiler, and having a valve-controlled steam-inlet communicating with said boiler steam-space.

4. In combination with a boiler, a turbine including a casing having a plurality of annular chambers. turbine-wheels revoluble within said chambers, said chambers having communication with each other, said casing also including condensing-chambers in communication with the adjacent annular chambers, said turbine and easing being arranged within the boiler and having apertures for admitting steam from the boiler into one annular chamber.

5. The combination with the annular powerfluid producer forming a chamber, of a turbine comprising an annular shell or casing arranged within and concentric to the annular power-fluid producer, a hood cooperating with said turbine-casing to form a supplemental chamber, said'hood having a valve-controlled. opening between said power-fluid chamber and said supplemental chamber, said turbine-casing having apertures communicating with the supplemental chamber, and said turbine-casing also including exhausts, for the purposes specified.

6. The combination with an annular casing forming a chamber and adapted to receive the power fluid, said casing having inner and outer tubular concentrically-arranged walls, a turbine mounted within the inner tubular wall, a hood secured to the inner wall between said inner wall and said outer wall to form a supplemental chamber, said hood having a valvecontrolled opening communicating with the casing-chamber, said turbine including ashell having a plurality of internal division-plates forminga plurality of separate compartments and forming condensing-chambers, said plates having semicircularly-directed passages communicating with adjacent compartments, one of said compartments being in direct powerfluid connection with said supplemental chamber, and exhausts for said condensing-chambers.

7. The combination with an annular casing forming a chamber and adapted to receive the power fluid, said casing having inner and outer tubular concentrically-arranged walls, a turbine mounted within the inner tubular wall, a hood secured to the inner wall between said inner wall and said outer wall to form a supplemental chamber, said hood havinga valvecontrolled opening communicating with the casing-chamber, said turbine including a shell having a plurality of internal division-plates forming condensing-chambers,said plates having semicireularly-directed passages communicating with adjacent compartments, turbinewheels having vanes and rotatable together in one direction only in said compartments.

8. In an apparatus of the character stated, a power-fluid producer including a tubular receptacle having head-plates, a turbine including an open-ended shell or casing secured to said head-plates within said receptacle, a plurality of division-plates within said shell forming a central and side chambers and condensing-chambers, turbine-wheels rotatable in said central and side chambers, a shaft passing through said head-plates, said shell and said division-plates and adapted to carry said wheels, means for admitting power fluid to said central chamber from said receptacle, said division-plates having passage-ways to permit the steam to flow from one chamber to another, and means for controlling the said steam-supply.

9. In combination with the power-fluid producer, including a tubular receptacle for receiving the substance from which the power fluid is to be generated, means for generating said power fluid from said substance within said receptacle, a turbine including a shell or casing having division-plates forming a main, supplemental and condensing chambers, a shaft passing through opposite walls of said receptacle and through said shelland divisionplates, a main and supplemental turbinewheels secured to said shaft and held in said main and supplemental chambers, said wheels having vanes, said division-plates having passage-ways for allowing said steam to pass from one chamber into another, to operate said wheels in one direction only, and an exhaust for said condensing-chambers.

16. In combination with a power-fluid producer, including a tubular receptacle for receiving the substance from which the power fluid is to be generated, means for generating said power fluid from said substance within said receptacle, said means including a plurality of heat-producing burners, arranged without and in proximity to the receptacle to apply heat thereto, a turbine including a shell or casing having division-plates forming a main. supplemental andcondensingchambers, a shaft passing through opposite walls of said receptacle and through said shell and division-plates, a main and supplemental turbinewheels secured to said shaft and held in said main and supplemental chambers, said Wheels having vanes, said division-plates having passage-ways for allowing said steam to pass from one chamber into another, to operate said wheels in one direction only, and an exhaust for said condensing-chambers.

11. In combination with a power-fluid generator, including a tubular receptacle, of a turbine including a shell or casing having di vision-plates forming a main, supplemental and condensing chambers, a shaft passing through opposite walls of said receptacle and through said shell and divisionplates, a main and supplemental turbine-wheels having vanes secured to said shaft to rotate together within said main and supplemental chambers respectively, a hood mounted on said turbineshell in alinement with said central chamber, said shell having apertures communicating with said central chamber and the chamber formed by said hood, said hood having a governor-valve-controlled power-fluid inlet, said division-plates having passage-ways for allo wing steam to pass from one chamber into the adjacent chamber, said passage-ways, and said apertures communicating with the hood-ch amber, being so arranged as to admit of the steam entering said chambers in one direction only, to impart motionto said wheels in one and the same direction, said condensing-chambers having exhausts, for the purposes specified.

FRANCIS M. F. CAZIN.

Witnesses:

V. BLOOM, O. K. CAZIN.

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