US760592A - Hydraulic press. - Google Patents

Description

l PATENTBD MAY 24, 1904. n H. 'O.IWES.TMAAR,K. HYDRAULIC PRESS.l 1 Arr/montan IIILBD oom, 1901.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

N0 IODEL.

PATENTBD MAY 24, 1904.

= 1 11. o.'w Es'TMA11K. HYDRAULIG PRESS. Arrmomrox'nsn'-ocm.5, 1901.

n0 101ml.. v

2 SHEETS-BREST 2.

nu: Non@ mans Tourner. wmmorou. n:.-

u No. 760,592.

Patented May 24, 1901.9;.122'2` l UNITED! ynot in the plane of the axial-section'.

i I-IANs o. wESTMARK, on AURORA, IIILINoI's, AssIGNoIoF .ONE-,HALF To Y onvILLIIr o. MANN, or; NORA SPRINGS, Iowa.y

.HYDRAULIC PRESS, e

- vstenen'rrcA'rIfoN forming part ofl Letters Patent vl7150,592, dated Mayall, 1904.

Application filed October 5,1901:v Serial No. 77,700l i (No model.)

.To all 'whois/1; t may concern/:'-

Be it known that I, lHANS O. .VVEsTMARm a citizen-ofthe United States, lresiding at Aurora,y in the county of Kane andl State of Illi- -nois, have invented certain new and nseful Improvements In Hydraulic Presses, of which the following`is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part thereof.- f

-Y The purpose of this invention is to provide a hydraulic press having capacity for any deter correspondingly' less than that requiredgl for the maximum work for which the press is adapted.

It. consists in the features of construction:y

set out in the claim.

tion through the axis of the ram of the hydraulic press embodying my invention and showing in section certain pipes and fittings Fig. 2 is a section at the line 2 2 on Fig. l. Fig.` 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2, showing a modification of the arrangement of the chambers in the cylinder-head, consisting'in graduating the diameters ofthe chambers according to a 4different law. l l

A represents 'any convenient 'or desirableform of press-standard, having in the head B ,the cylinders or piston-chambers, which con- D is the ram.' p D',.D2,.D3, D4, D5, D, D', D8, and D9 ar Stitute a feature ofmy invention.

Apistons of different diameters operating onl .`the.ram,'all 'parallel with each other; rlhe main or central" piston D' is attached to the ram; but the remainder are free from it,.only

operating endwise on it." In the head B are nine piston-chambers 4B', B2, B2, B2, B5, B,

B', B8, and B2,'corresponding to the nine pistons connected to the ram. In the drawings only pistons D' D2D are shown, pistons cor- B10 is'a return-cylinder mounted at the upper Vend of theV central or main cylindrical chamber B'.' l

D1Y0 is a piston in the cylinder B10, and it has astem d10 extending through the headofthe chamber 4of the mainl cylinder B' and vinthe v lattercylinder is connected to the piston D', 1i the two pistons D and D10 moving together 2 in their respective chambers.vl i

El is the main supply-pipe through which water under pressure is furnished to the cyliners for operating the ram. r

F is a complete circuit-pipe encompasslng .the cylinder-head lB,',leading out from and back into the main supply-pipe E, theufourway tting e serving to maire this double junction and at thesame time affording connection for the service-pipe or branch pipe lead- Y 'ing to the main or central cylinder B'. In the drawlngs, Figure lis a vertical sec- G is a branch pipe leading from the main supply-pipe E to the return-cylinderBl". g H is a three-way valve in the main supplypipe between the connection therewith of the branch pipe Gr and the connection therewith of the circuit-pipel1`. ,f Y y r J is arelicf or waste pipe leading from the three-way valve, whichv is thereby adapted to be set so as to admit the water-supply to the several cylinders-of the presser to take the water away from the cylinders, as required by the use of the press; 4

The circuit-pipe F and branch pipes F', F2, F2, FSF?, F,F7,.F8, and F9 lead to theseveral -cylinders B', B2, B3, B4, B5, B, B',Bs, and B, respectively. Each of. these supplypipes is provided with an independentk controlling-valve K. lt will be noticed that the eight vcylinders grouped around'the central cylinder a're of four sizes only, there being two cylinders of each size, the equal cylinders of theseveral -sizes being respectively opposite each other. This is not an' essentialfeasired, for in the preferred manner of use of this press the main or central cylinder B will always be used, the force of the water whichV may be admitted through this cylinder corresponding to the diierence in area between its piston D and the return-piston D10, being taken as corresponding to the minimum work desired oi' the press, so that when only one cylinder is used it will be the central cylinder, that being the one in the most advantageous position Jfor the work obviously. All the other valves K being closed and the main controlling-valve H being open-that is, set so as to admit the water under pressure to the main cylinder-that cylinder will be operated and will operate the ram, as stated, with a force determined by the difference in arca between the two pistons D' and D10, for it will be noticed that the water is at all times admitted under the piston D10 into the cylinder B10 and voperates opposed to the pressure which is admitted above the piston D'. To return the ram to its elevated position after the operating stroke is made, the controlling-valve will be set so as to permit the water to waste, cutting off the supply, whereupon the supplypressure operating in the return-cylinder will lift the ram to the position shown in Fig. 1. When work is to be done requiring greater pressure than can be obtained from the central cylinder alone, if it is not known how much pressure is required any one or more (preferably two) opposite cylinders may be brought into operation by opening their respective controlling-valves K, other cylinders being added to the combination until the requisite pressure is obtained, and thereupon no further adjustment is required; but the stroke requiring this pressure may be repeated as often as may be desired by merely operating the main controlling-valve H.k In each ease when the main valve is set so as to open the relief-pipe, cutting H the supply, the waterpressure operating in the return-cylinder will restore the ram to elevated position, the water wasting from all the cylinders in use after release of the main'controlling-valve through the relief-pipe. The advantage of arranging the cylinders in pairs whose individuals are opposite each other around the central cylinder is merely that thereby the resistance of the work is equalized on both sides of the center, and side strain of the structure is avoided. However, it is not a necessity except in case of severe work, because the central piston operates as a guide for the ram, and it is praeticable to operate any lateral cylinder in connection with the central cylinder and without the opposite equal cylinder or any lateral cylinder alone provided its area is not exceeded by that of the return-cylinder.

I do not limit myself to making the cylinders of different capacity. Obviously a group of cylinders all of the same diameter might be employed with great advantage in the construction shown; but by making the cylinders of different diameters a range of combinations is provided practically covering the entire iicld between the lowest and the greatest pressure. Thus the central or main cylinder will afford suilicient pressure for the lightest work ever required of the press or which it may be considered economical to perform with it, the smallest of the encompassing cylinders being the shortest step it is considered worth while to provide for between successive pressures. The pressure obtainable in the smallest cylinder may be termed the unit or' diiference, (represented by 1.) The next larger cylinder may have an area of three, the area or' 2 being provided by using the two opposite cylinders 1, having an area of one. Area L will be provided by using one cylinder 3 and one cylinder 1, area 5 by using one cylinder 3 and two cylinders 1, area 6 by coupling together the two opposite cylinders 3, area 7 by adding to this couple one of the cylinder 1, area 8 by using two cylinders 3 and two cylinders 1. The next size necessary to provide, therefore, would be one having an area of nine. Then areal() would be provided by combininga nine with a one, and so on up to atotal of seventeen, eighteen being provided by using two nines. The remaining steps up to and including 26 will be covered by combining with the two nines the several combinations used in producing pressure Jfrom one to eight, inclusive, thc next area therefore being necessary being 27, all steps from 27 to 53, inclusive, being covered by adding one of the cylinders having area of twenty-seven to the several combinations used for the steps from 1 to 26, inclusive, all steps from 54. to 80, inclusive, being covered by adding the second cylinder having the area 27 to the several combinations used for all preceding steps. Thus any combination may be made from one to a total of eighty by steps of one by means of eight cylinders in four pairs graduated, as indicated, 1 3 9 27. Ii' it were desired to use the cylinders only in pairs for the sake of keeping the pressure always balanced upon opposite sides of the axis, the law of gradation of the several areas would be somewhat different. The following scale will illustrate the law:

Main or central cylinder, arca in excess of return-cylinder.. 1() First pair, arca iive each, total First pair combined with central cylinder,

Second pair, area ten each, combined with central cylinder, total. l 30 Second pair combined with central cylinder and iirst pair, total Third pair, area twenty each, combined with central cylinder Third pair combined with first pair and central cylinder 60 IOO IIO

vpairs and central cylinder. Fourth pair, area,` forty each, combined with central cylinder f Fourth pair combined with first pair and central cylinder Fourth pair combined with second pair. Fourth pair combined with iirst and second pairs and central cylinder Fourth pair combined with thirdpair and central cylinder Fourth paircombined with third pair,

rst pair, and central cylinder Fourth pair combined with third pair and second pair and central cylinder. 150 Fourth pair combined 'with all others. 160

The -law of this gradation is obvious, and the combination may be made upon the basis of any unit of area as the effective area of the" centraly cylinder-that is, the difference between its area and that of the return-cyll, 2 and 2,-\/, as shown in said figure.

I claim- In a hydraulic press, the combination withk a ram, a multiple-chambered cylinder-head opposed to the ram; a piston attached to the ram and operating in one of the chambers of the head; a return-cylinder of less diameter mounted on the end of said main cylinder, and a piston therein extending through the 'main cylinder-head, connected to the piston in the vlatter cylinder; a plurality of additional pistons operatingv in the other chambers respectively against the ram; a main supply-pipe;

B*",-B4, B2, and B3 being in the proportion of v a controlling and relief valve therein; abranch y my hand, at Chicago, Illinois, this 18th day of September, A. 1). 1901.

HANS O. WESTMARK. In presence of- (JHAs. S. BURTON, GEORGE H. WARNER.`

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