US752434A - Ho model - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED FEB. 16, 1904.

P. 13AL'zImER.- EXPLosIoN MOTOR.

- APPLIOATION FILED APB.. 27, 1901r 6 SHEETS-SHEET L.

N0 MODEL.

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Vv'tnesses N0.?52,4a4. PATENT-BD PBB.16,1904.

Y I'. BALTZINGER.

EXPLOSION MU'I'OB..

rumanos rum) un. s1. 1901. no A110mm. e sHns'rs-snnxz 2.-

x im@ 10.752,434. i 'PATENTBD.PEB.16,'1904 BALTZINGER. EXPLOSION Mo'ro,

l unlwlon FILED un. 27. 1901. no naam.. e SHEETS-SHEET s.

PATENTE@ PEB. 16, 1904,

F. B'ALTZINGEB..

EXPLOSIUN MOTOR.

APPLICATION rILnDAAPR. 27, 1901.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

N0 MODEL.

No. 752,434. PATENTBDPEB. 16, 1904.

1 I'. BALTZINGER.

EXPLOSION MOTOR. urmuuon Hmm un. a7, 19o1.

no mmm.. e SHEETS-SHEET 5.

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(l2 Lfs F. BALTZINGER. EXPLOSION MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED APB. 27,1901.

H0 MODEL. @SHEETS-SHEET 6- a citizen of the French Republic, residing at; Fleur dEpines, Montbeliard, France, have ini vented certain new and useful Improvements,

y UNI-TED STATES y Patented February is, 1904.

ALParenti* OFFICRI:

p FREDERIC RALTZINGRR, on MORTRLIARD, FRANCE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters'Patent No.V 752,434, dated February 16, 1904. y

Y pplcatiun filed 'iprlZ'?, SerialNoe 57,710. @lo model.) i

To LZ2 whom it mayconcerten l i p I Be it known that I, FREDERIC BALTZINGER,

p in Explosion-Motors, of whichthe'following is a specification.

1 The-subject ofthe present invention is an, explosion-motor 1n which thecyhnders arek arranged in a clrcleA and Work on acommonv crank-shaft. y y

The characteristic feature of the inyention is to. be found in thefact thatthe separate cylinders, which are made of `a sufiicientlytoughl metall, 4are assembled by means of a common casting, which is. preferably made ofalight metal-say aluminium. or the like-so that by this means the whole weight ofthe engine is fthecylinders .is arranged inthe casting carrying the. cylinder, which pipe contains several. openings. Similarly, this arrangement enables the .exhaust-Valves tobe so disposed inthe .common casting A that their .valve-rods may be actuated andregulated in theirmovements accordingly to the-work of the engine by only one cam, the .castings of vthese exhaust-val-vesbeing arranged Within `a `projection connected to `the corresponding cylinders. `The automatic suctionvalveswhich allowof the entering ofthe explosive mixture, are; arrangedv at 'the upper; ends lof the cylinders. The duration of the opening. of the exhaustvalves isregulated from onepoint by means ofon'e cam, the Working surfaceof which may be altered automaticallyby means `of, a regulator. ment is provided. on the motor, lpyimeanst of which one or several cylinders. maybe-.thrown ,out of action-to enable the. eifecteofthe motor to` be varied. within" .the.widest'. extremesi and `also to accommodate the-consumptionof-ex- Aplosiye mixture to any desired .power.Y ,For this purpose the exhaust-valves ofthe. .par-l In. addition to this a special arrangel tichlar1 l.cylinder or cylinders. may be kept open during the Whole time, andthe arrangement allows of putting any desired number in this wayout of working. u

` In order thatv my invention may be better understood, I will proceed to describe an examplel of construction of the same withv refergence to .the accompanying drawings, in which similar` reference..characters refer to similar partSf- Figure l is a vertical section of an explosion-motor constructed in accordance withl my invention. Fig, 2 is a vertical section showing two cylinders'and their Valves. Fig. 3

is a horizontal section on tlieline,V X ,X of Fig. l, showing the construction of the baseplate and the arrangement of the cranks and connecting-levers. Y Fig, 4 is ahorizontal siectionv of ,the 'cylinders and valves on the line .E F-GH IJ of Fig'r 2. .Figs. '5 and lfrepiesent a section and plan of a part of thegoyernor mechanism hereinafter described. Figs; 7 and 8 represent a plan and Vertical section o f asinglecylinder, showingftlie exhaustyalye. seat and `theignition.-.opening. F ig, 9 islalongitudinal",section of the platedesigned for. putting out of action one 'or more cylinders in .thesmannehr andforthe purpose set forth in the `ffollowing description. .,Fig.Y l0 is a plan of the disk, providedfwith teetyhon its circumference; nand L Fignll .is ,a part sec,- .tion ,of Fig` 10, showingone of' theprojections on the surface ofthe disk. s, f, fI

In .the motor .illustrated inthe accompanying'drawingsthere are six cylindersc, c?, c3, @2.05, and c, the relative arrangement of "which `will be evident .from Fig. 4.. The exhaust- .yalyes s', s2, s3, 8*, vzand s6 of these cylinders are arranged -aroundjthe axis ,of this machine. Each of these cylinders forms,fwith ,thefseat of exhaust-Valve and 'the ignition-opening, Il

light metal-say, for. example, aluminium or the like-between two circular plates 0 o', connected together by a thick central tube g, Fig. 4, in such a manner that the cylinders are grouped round the said tube g, their ends being cast into the plates o 0', as will be seen by reference to Figs. l, 2, and 4. This manner of constructing and arranging the cylinder-casting will be found to largely reduce the whole weight of motors with regard to their maximum working power.

The cylinders may be provided with cooling ribs or plates of/ light metal (aluminium) cast on their outside, for which purpose longitudinal or circular grooves are to be previously provided on the outer` surface of the cylinders, or when desired any known system of cooling the cylinders-for example, by means of cold water or the like-may be employed.v For this latter purpose a'cylindrical envelop j, Fig. 2, of any desired material has been provided on the outside of the cylindercasting, which may be connected in'any suitable manner to the two end plates o 0' of the casting, Figs. 1 and 2, so as to obtain the necessary tightness. It will be found that in spite of the compact arrangement of thecylinders c around the center there will still remain suflicient space to enable them to be effectively cooled by water. j

In the central tubelg, connecting'the two end plates o 0', a number of inwardly-projecting pieces g equal to the number of cylinders andl cast with the cylinder-casting are provided for the purpose of guiding the rods s of the exhaust-valves s S2 s", Fig. 2, of all cylinders. The tube gis closed at the bottom by a plate la adjacent to the lower end plate o', provided with six openings, through which the respective rods s of the exhaustvalves project. On the under sideof the plate 7L there are secured six small supports u', pivotally bearing six smally bell-crank levers u upon fulcrums u2 and so arranged around the center of the machine that the outer end of each lever u lies against the lower end of a rod s of each exhaust-valve. The inner ends of these levers u bear against a common governing-disk t, secured to a vertical shaft g4 and provided with a raised segmental cam portion t on its under side. The disk t is keyed on the lvertical shaft g4, which is journaledwith its upper end in the plate and with its lower end in the main frame b, Fig. l, of the machine and is provided with a conical gear ff, meshing with a second gear f. This latter being keyed on the end of a 'shaft g3, the other end of which carries another gear f 5, meshing with a gear f3 on a vertical shaft g2, is rotated by this means and with the yaid of the gearing f2 and pinions f and f,

the latter of which may be arranged on any suitable part of the main shaftv g of the machine. When the shaft g4, and with it the governing-disk t, is rotated, the bell-crank levers u, bearing against the projecting cam part t of said governing-disk t, will be shifted from their position shown in Fig. 9 on the left hand to that shown in the same gure on the right hand. The outer ends of the said levers u will ,therefore be raised, so that the exhaust-valves, the rods s of which rest upon the outer'ends of the levers u, may be opened at the proper time. Springs s, arranged in enlarged openings of the piece g and surrounding, respectively, the rods s, to which their lower ends are suitably secured, are intended to instantaneously close the exhaustvalves when the governing-disk t has reached the proper position.

In addition/to the fixed projecting part t the governing-disk t is yet provided with a movable projecting piece 152, .which is constantly pressed toward the axis of the shaft cfl by means of a spring y to its innermost position. This movable part 2 is guided in a radial groove provided in the disk t, 'and its lower enlarged portion 253, as indicated in Fig. 6 with dotted lines, forms rin its most outward position a continuation of the raised part t on the under side of the disk t, so that that part of a revolution of the disk during which ythe projection t on its under side l causes the bear against a ring fr', which is'loosely mounty ed upon the shaft g4 and on theupper side of which rests the liange d4 of a connecting-rod d, provided on its upper end with a key-formed wedge al. This connecting-rod d is prefer- IOO IIO

ably of rectangular section and guided in a suitable groove d3, extending along the vertical shaft g4. It will therefore be seen that when the number of revolutions of the main shaft g5 exceeds a certain point previously fixed the weights r2 of thegovernor are forced outward by their own centrifugal force, the ring 1" will be raised by the bell-crank levers o to its highest position, andthe wedge d will therefore press the movable additional projecting piece t2 of the governing-disk t into `its most outward position, compressing the spring y, and thereby causing @the exhaustvalves to rest opened during a greater part of one revolution of the governing-disk t. By this means the power 'of the whole machine may be soon reduced A'and accidents involved by inadmissible Y'speeds of the machine may be prevented. As soon as the vspeed of the machine falls the weights rzof the governor are' drawn together, the ring 1* is lowered, and the spring @y by moving inwardly the prol jecting piece tzforces downward the wedge CZ so far as is permitted by the flange Zi-of the guided connecting-rod d. The length of the projecting part t' t2 of the disk t now being rediiced'tothat ofthe rigid portion t', the machine will obtainv again the former power.

The device described enables, therefore, the speed of the machine tobe regulated so as to be kept always below a certain maximum number of revolutions. vice `would be suiiicient to enable the engine to be driven at a perfectly uniform speed, an additional device has been provided in' order to enable the maximum power'of Ythe machine to be varied accordingto a variable resistance which isY to be overcome by it and to accommodate theconsumption of explosive mixture to any desired power. To this end one or several cylinders of this machine may be totally thrown out of action, which is done by constantly keeping the rods s ofthe respective exhaust-valves Y'in their highest position. By

this means the piston p of that cylinder or those cylinders is prevented yfrom drawing in fresh explosive mixture through the respective inlet suction valve or valves e, the gases contained in the common exhaust-tube g being then used for filling the vvacuum produced by the piston p. In this manner the machine is'prevented from consuming more of the ex- "plosive mixture than corresponds to its reduced power'and is enabled to work economically. The device'serving for performing this object preferably consists of a disk g,

, loosely mounted upon the vertical shaft g* and supported in horizontal position just below the outer arms of the levers u by project- "ing shoulders of several arms .QQ secured to the under side of the plate ufFigrQ; This disk or plate g is provided on its upper surface with a number of projections of different length, lfigs. 10 and 11, arranged around the eccenter of the said disk q, the position of saidprojections m with respect to that of the bell-crank levers 'it being such that these pro'- jections @may come into contact with the outer arms of the said levers u and may rockl the' latter into the same position as would'be performed by the action of the projecting surl faces t' t2 of the governor-disk t upon the inner arms of the same levers u. The arrangement of the projections on the upper side of the plate g is, moreover, such as to enable one or' more levers u to be rocked simultaneously by the changement of the position of the projections with respect to these levers u, this bhange'ment Ybeing effected by 'revolving the Although this derevolving the-latter upon the shaft g4 and rockl ing another number of levers ocupen the respective pins u2. By these projections ai the inwardly -directed arms of the levers u are brought out of theway of the projecting parts 15 152, revolving constantly with the governingdisk t, andl therefore the respective exhaustg valves will constantlybe kept in'their opened position.

wat this device it is possibi@ to Consider! ably-change'the'working power of the motor, the maximum of which is given by the whole numberjof its explosion-cylinders." If, for instance, it is desired to drive 'a motor'the maximum capacity of which amounts to twentyfourv horse-power with one some fraction of that power-say one-half, one-third, or even'` one-sixth of it--the exhaust-valves of a corresponding part of the number of cylinders, respectively, of three, four, or even vecylinders, must be kept open by a suitable adjustment ofthe disk Q, so that, lfor instance, in the last case lall of its projections m except the shortest one'come to ,rock the respective levers 'aand to prevent theexhaust-valves of five cylinders frombeing shut.

This device, intended for altering the motive power of a motor within the greatest limits inthe manner described, will be found to be of special utility for motor-cars and the like, inasmuch as every diiferent power that may be required 'by thelargely-varying resistance ycan be exercised by one and the same motor. M

Each of the cylinders exhausts into the common central tube g, from which the exhaust- IGO gases may escape through the the pipe e',

Fig. 4.

The ignition-opening c' for each cylinder is provided above and outside the central tube g. `An ignition-piece n whichmay-be constructed of nickel or -platinumand which pos- IIO sesses a number of chambers equal to that of vthe cylinders coinciding exactly with the ignition-openings a, is arranged above the plate 0, Fig. 2,4 and may alsobe provided with an additional Icentral chamber in order to reduce the thickness of the walls and to be easily heatedfso that the ignition Amay soon take place, andif so constructed such an ignitiontube will beV found as light as those usually constructed. v Y

It may be remarked that in spite of the com- 'pact arrangement' of the cylinders and the small space occupied by the same each inlet and exhaust opening may be comparatively IZO means of connecting-rods Z22.

`horizontal arms of the levers Z' and Z2 are conlarge, which is a certain guarantee for the good operation and effectiveness of the motor.

Above the cylinder a shallow annular chamber is' formed by a hat c, screwed to the top plate 0. The inner wall of this hat c is tightly set upon the plate o, so as to prevent the escape of the gas being fed from a vaporizer through the pipe f7, Fig. l. This chamber thus forms the suction-chamber for the eX- plosive mixture.

The whole cylinder-casting, with valves and means for regulating the power ofthe motor, is placed above and suitably secured to a frame b, Fig. 1,which primarily serves for supporting the main crank-shaft g5 in suitable bearings Z5. Upon this frame there are pivotally mounted levers Z Z2 and Z3 Z4, the former being provided with three, the latter with only two, arms. The levers Z3 Z4 are connected with one arm to the'piston-rods Z of the cylinders c5 and c, their other arm being in rigid connection with the respective crank of the mainv shaft g5 by Similarly, thev nected with the piston-rods Z2 of the cylinders c c2 c3 o4, while the two remaining arms are also connected with the crank-shaft g5 by means of rod Z2. 'By this arrangementl the vertical movement of the pistons Z) of all cylinders may be transmitted to the main shaft without the necessity of providing this latter with anumber of cranks equal to that of the cylinders, so that the dimensions of the machine may be reduced.

As will be seen by reference to Fig. l, the motion transferred to the levers Z Z2 by the pistons c c2 c3 c4 is transmitted by the vertical arms of said levers to the main crank-shaft g5.

With this arrangement the operation of ythe engine is extremely smooth. The shocks caused by the explosions are absorbed, so that the crank-shaftis subject to considerably less strain. As the bearings are likewise subject to less strain than in other constructions, it is possible to use a material which is lighter and possesses a higher resistance. By reason ofv this connection of the pistons to the crankshaft the total height in the case of avertical' motor and the total length in the case of a horizontal one is considerably reduced. It will be found that this arrangement possesses all the advantages of the vertical and horizontal types without their disadvantages, such as the loosening of the screws, which is accompanied with greatdanger in the case of motorcars and the straining of the support, which has many unpleasant consequences.

In consequence of the construction of the motor compacted in a single frame very much less space is occupied, and they motor can be put to work at any desired place withoutl requiring any tedious fitting, &c. The motor can indeed be used for any purpose whatever. Itcanbe removed,for instance, fromrone motor-car toanother and can be used; inwinter for illuminating purposes and 1n summer -for driving a car. By the addition of the two cylinders c5 'and c6 a dead-point is entirely avoided in driving the crank-shaft, as one of these two cylinders will always be in the middle of its working'stroke when the other four cylinders are in positioncorresponding to the dead -p`oints of their cranks. As a consequence a very small iy-wheel need only be used for neutralizing the' slight shocks received by the levers at each explosion. With the arrangement of six cylinders so as to operate on ya single crank in the manner described three cylinders will be acting at each revolution ofthe crank, so that the motor can be driven with as high a velocity if not higher than a. single-cylinder engine. While p`roducing an equal power, the cylinder-bores are much smaller and the total weight is much less than is the case with a single-cylinder engine.

The whole frame Z2, together with all the mechanism-that is, the toothed wheels, levers, and rods--are inclosed in acasing, into which the pistons dip, being in this way lubricated, as the casing is filled with oil. The motor .is especially designed for mineral oils or benzin; but it cam-however, if a special vaporizer is provided likewise be driven by heavy petroleum. Further, common illuminating-gas may be employed for driving the motor when stationary without altering the general arrangement.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is-

1. An explosion-engine comprising a cylinder and frame of two different kinds of metal, the cylinder .being cast into the metal of the frame, whereby intimate contact for cooling purposes and a light construction are obtained.

2. An explosion-engine comprising a plurality of cylinders castinto a single frame of aluminium, substantially as described.

3. In an explosion-motor the combination of several cylinders, three-armed levers fulcrumed below said cylinders, piston-rods connecting the pistons of said cylinders with two arms of said levers, connecting-rods connect- IOO IIO

ing the third arms of said levers to different rods connecting the other arms of said levers to different cranks of said eornmon crank-shaft, substantially as,' and for the purpose, set forth.

5. In an explosion-motor the combination of several cylinders, e single casting uniting said cylinders in a single block, gas-inlet and exhaust valves arranged n said block, means for operating said exhaust-Valves from a sn- I gle rotating shaft, and means for putting one or more of seid exhaust-Valves into the ex- I0 haust position by hand, substantially as, and for the purpose, set forth. l

In testimony whereof I havelhereunto set my hand in the presence of two Witnesses.

FREDERIC BALTZINGER. W'tnesses:

GRET, EMILE, BLEYER, CHARLES.

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