US1094480A - Rotatable motor. - Google Patents

Description

M. SGHISGHMAREW.

ROTATABLE eMOTOR. v APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 10, 1912.

Patented Apr. 28, 1914.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

daw a n/- SCHISGHMAREW.

ROTATABLE MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 10, 1912.

4 SHEETSSHEET a.

Patented Apr. 28, 1914.,

' marten. scnrscnmnnnw, or LIEGEQBELGIUM, assrenon "r PREMIERE socm'rn UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

DE LA. NAVIGATION AERIENNE DE RUSSIE, OF ST. PETERSBURG, RUSSIA.

ROTATABLE Moron.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 28, 1914..

' Application filed September 10, 1912. Serial No. 719,606.

-To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, MICHAIL SOHISQHMA: nmv ,'a subject of the Czar of Russla, residing at No. 7 Rue Glacis, Liege, Belgium,

have invented new and useful Improvements in Rotatable Motors, of which the following is a specification.

' The present invention relates to internal combustion engines having rotary cylinders and a water cooling arrangement. In the known engines of this type, the devices for controlling the admission of the combustible mixture to the cylinders are arranged upon the outer ends of the cylinders and generally consist of valves, the action of which is very liable to become inaccurate. Practically all engines of the type mentioned are fourstroke cycle engines, the ignition of the combustible mixture being obtained by means of electric sparks which for their production require somewhat complicated apparatus.

The object of the present invention is to simplify as'much as possible the construction of the machine while increasing its efficiency and obviating the employment of all parts which are liable to get out of order and cause the machine to work inaccurately or stop altogether. The avoidance of such parts is particularly important with engines which are to be used for aerial navigation.

According to the present invention the controlling and the distributing apparatus is arranged in the center of the machine and consists substantially of a rotating casing and a distribution cone both-of which are provided with suitable cavities and ports for the admission of the combustible mixture, the scavenging agent and so on, whereby valves and similar parts are entirely avoided.

The invention moreover, provides for the ignition of the mixture to be effected by means of an ignition torch or candle made ofv metal or other suitable material, which a fterits initial heatingto the required 'te'mperatureis kept in its glowing condition by the heat resulting from the combustion of the gases. The individual cylinders workaccording to the two-stroke cycle whereby the output of the engine is nearl mensions of the same and withoutincreasing the number of the cylinders. By arranging the explosion chambers in the proximity ofthe axis of rotation, any change of doubled without increasing the di-- plosion and the centrifugal 'force of the piston acting in the same direction, whereby a very uniform running of. the motor is obtained and the life of such motor is prolonged.

.The accompanying drawings illustrate by way of example a construction of an engine according to the present invention.

Figure 1 is a side view, Fig. 2 is a section on line A B C D of Fig. 1, Fig. 3 is a front elevation and partly a section on line E F G' H of Fig. 4 of the distribution casing, Fig. 1 is a section through the easing on line J K L of Fig. 3, Fig. 5 is a rear -view of the distribution cone seen from the 'base of the same, Fig. 6 is a section on the great as that of Figs. 1 and 2.

- The engine consists of several workin cylinders 1 which are fixedly connected with the distribution casing 2 mounted upon the shaft The pistons 45 of the cylinders 1 are provided with slides 5 which are adapted to move in guides 6 fixed or formed on both sides of suitable slots in the cylinder walls. Through each slide 5 extends a pin 7 which is connected by means of rods 8 with the eccentric straps 9 mounted. upon the eccentmcs 10 and 10 These eccentrics Y The latter shaft isprevented from moving in the axial direction a collar 13 held within a suitable thrust bearing. .Into the conical cavity of the casing fits tightly the distribution cone 14 which is held stationary and pressed against the casing by bolts 15 passing through the stationary eccentric 10 The distribution casing 2 (Figs. 3 and 4) has a polygonal form, the ,number' of the sides of the polygon corresponding to the number of the. cylinders, and is provided with cavities 16 for the combustible mixture and cavities 17 for the cooling water. The cavities 16 are provided With ports 18 which periodically coincide with corresponding parts in the distribution cone 14. The interior of the distribution cone 14. is divided by concentric and radial walls into several The compartment 19 serves 110 compartments.

for the admission of the combustible mixture, and is provided with an admission opening 20 through whlch the mixture enters, and an opening 21 which periodically coincides with the opening 18 of the casing 2. The compartment 22 is provided with an opening 24 through which compressed air is supphed from a suitable compressed air receptacle and has an opening 23 which periodically coincides with the open: ing 18 of the casing 2. The compartment 2:) serves for introducing cooling water. The compartment 26 communicates with the compartment 22 and is provided with an extended opening for-the compressed 311:. The compartment 27 contains the ignition candle. In order to facilitate the manufacture of the cone 14, the compartment 25 for the cooling fluid may be made open toward the base of the cone and may be closed by means of a separate cover 28.

The compressed air required for scavenging the cylinder and for vaporizing the liquid fuel is supplied by the motor itself. For this purpose a stationary p1ston 29 is arranged within each plston 4 (Figs. 1. and 2). The piston 29 is secured by means of two pipes 30 and 30 the pipe 30 being fixed in the perforated cover 31 of the cylinder, while the pipe 30 passes through the cover and has an external extenslon. \Vhen the piston 4 moves away from the center of the engine, the air contained between the two pistons is forced through a valve 32 into the interior of the stationary piston 29 and is led away through the pipe 30. During the return stroke of the piston 4, the space between the two pistons 1s again 'filled' with air whichis admitted through the pipe 33 and the suction valve 34. The compressed air passes through pipe 30 (Fig. 1) and the wall of the casing 2 (Fig. 4) into the cavity 17 and through the openings 35 which communicate with the arc shaped opening 26 of the compartment 22 of the cone 14 into the compartment 22. From this compartment the compressed air passes into the compressed air reservoir and into the carburetor, part ofthe compressed air of the compartment 22 being admitted periodically through the opening 23 into the working cylinder for scavenging.

The operation of the machine is as follows :The ignition torch or candle is heated to the required temperature and the shaft 3 is rotated manually in order to start the engine. In the outermost position (Figs. 1 and 2) of each piston in its working cylinder the opening 18 of the cavity 16 coincides with the opening 21 of chamber 19 so that during a partial rotation of the casing 2, the-amount of which depends on the length of the. opening 21, the combustible mixture enters into the corresponding cylinder (admission period). During the further rotation of the casing 2 the piston moves toward the center of the casing, that is, 1t moves from its extreme outer position into the extreme inner position whereby the mixture is compressed (compression period). When the cylinder almost reaches its innermost position, the opening 18 comes opposite the ignition torch or candle which for the purpose of regulating the time of ignition is adapted to be adjusted within the cavity containing the same. The mixture is now ignited and the piston moves outward during the further rotation of the casing 2 (ignition and expansion period). Immediately before the cylinder in question returns to ,its outermost position, the piston has moved outward to such an extent as to uncover'the slots in the cylinder wall through which the Y burnt gases escape (exhaust period).. Immediately afterward, the opening 18 coincides with the opening 23 of the distribution cone through which the compressed scavenging air is admitted into the cylinder for the purpose of [driving out the products of combustion. 'As the scavenging air is admitted from the center, very effective driving out of the gases is obtained. During the further rotation of the casing- 2, the

opening 18 leaves the opening 23, and the cylinder reaches its lower vertical position whereupon the openings 18 and 21 again coincide and the cycle of operations is repeated.

In order to obtain the rotary movement of the cylinder, the casing 2 is connected with the eccentric straps by connectin rods 36. The heads of the connecting re s are connected with the straps by pins 37 and are connected with the casing by pins 38 arranged at the corners of the casing. As

in this motor the ignition takes place at the center, air cooling is not sufficient and has to be supplemented by the provision of a centrifugal radiator. This radiator comprises ajacket formed by the caps 40 and the above described cavities in the casing 2 and the distribution cone 14. One of the caps 40 is fixed to the hub portion 41 of the casing 2 and to the cylinders 1. The other cap is fixed to a suitable flange 42 of the casing 2. In this way a chamber 43 filled with water is obtained between the casing 2 and the caps 40, which chamber communicates at the other side of the casing through openings 44 with the cavities 17 of the casing 2. The cavity .17 is in communication with the ring shaped recess 46 of the distribution cone 14 through openings 45, the cavity 46 being in communication with the chamber 25 through an opening 47 (Fig,

portion of the chamber the water passes.

circulated. Thewater flows in the chamber i 43 from the hub 41 to the cylinder land is cooled in the air cooled jacket 40. A difierence in-the weights of the two water columns on both sides of the casing 2 is produced at the same time, owing to the fact that the water in the chamber 43 which comes into contact withthe highly heated walls of the explosion chambers is lighter than the cooled water flowing'downw'ardly from the outer part of the jacket. The latter flows through the openings 44 into the cavity 17, through the openings. 45 into the recess 46 of the cone 14, and through the opening 47 into the central portion of the chamber. 25 from which it passes through the openings 48, the recess 49, and openings 50, back into the chamber 43.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is 1. In an internal combustion engine, in combination, a shaft, a plurality of radially disposed cylinders fixedly supported thereon,

reciprocating pistons within said cylinders,

hollow stationary pistons within said reciprocating pistons, each of said stationary pistons having a passage extendin therethrough, and a suction valve in sai passage adapted to'open to admit air into the associated reciprocating piston during its in ward movement, each of said stationary hollow pistons having a valve adapted to ad-- mit air therein during the outward movement of the. associated'reciprocate'd piston,

a pipe communicating with each hollow piston for conducting the air therefrom and means for delivering the air into one of said cylinders.

2. In an internal combustion engine, in combination, a shaft, a casing mounted thereon and rotatable therewith, said casing being provided with a plurality of chamleers adapted to receive an explosive mixture and with a plurality of chambers adapted to receive a cooling fiuid, cylinders carried by said casing and communicating with said first mentioned chambers, there being one cylinder for each chamber, reciprocating pistons in said cylinders, said casing being provided with a conical surface having openings-formed therein communieating with said chambers, a fixed distributing member provided with a conical face coacting with the conical surface of said casing, said member being provided with compartments, the conical face having open-- ings formed therein communicating with said compartments, with which openings the openings in said casing are adapted to register as the latter rotates, an lgnition device in one of said compartments, means for delivering to another of said compartments an explosive mixture, means for delivering to another of said compartments a cooling liuid and means for delivering to another of said compartments compressed air.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

MICHAIL soH soHMAR W. Witnesses LUCIEN MEMMINGER, GEORGE E. LIGHT.

7 Copies 0! this patent maybe obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents Washington,'D. G.

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