US749808A - Pneumatic hammer - Google Patents

Description

No. 749,808. PATENTED JAN. 19, 1904. 0. A. SPEBR & E. c. BOWMAN.

PNEUMATIC HAMMER.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 28. 1.903.

H0 MODEL. Z-SHEETS-SHEET l.

PATENTED JAN. 19, 1904. c. A. SPEBR & E. c. BOWMAN. PNEUMATIC HAMMER.

' APPLICATION FILED MAY 28, 1903.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

H0 MODEL.

UNITED STATES Patented January 19, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE,

CLYDE A. SPEER AND EUGENE C. BOWMAN, OF LOS ANGELES,

CALIFORNIA.

PNEUMATIC HAMMER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 749,808, dated. January 19, 1904.

Application filed May 28, 1903, Serial No. 159,181. No model.) i

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, CLYDE A. SPEER and EUGENE C. BOWMAN, citizens of the United States, and residents of Los Angeles, in the county of Los Angeles and State of California, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Pneumatic Hammers, of which the following is a specification.

Our invention relates to an improvement in pneumatic hammers, the primary object being to provide means for controlling and utilizing the air-pressu re and directing it in such a manner as to derive the required pressure and at the same time do away with the jar and vibration so common and objectionable in machinery of this character; and with this object prominently in view our present invention consists in certain novel features of construction and combinations of parts, which will be hereinafter described, and pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view of our improved pneumatic hammer. Fig. 2 is a-view of the turbine and cylinder from one side, a part being broken away. Fig. 3 is a top plan view of the same. Fig. 4cis asection on line 4 4 of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a view of the hammer, and Fig. 6 is a sectionon the line 6 6 of Fig. 1.

A represents the central section of the casing, 1 the upper section, and 2 the lower section, these sections being adapted to be held together by screw-threads 3 and 4:, respectively. These several sections are bored out smoothly and the combined cylinder 5 and turbine 6 are fitted to the bores of the central section A, wherein they are adapted to turn freely, ball-races and ball-bearings 7 and 8 being provided at the lower ends of said cylinder and turbine-wheel.

Live and exhaust ports 9 and 10, respectively, are formed in section 1 of the casing. The port 9 extends from the inlet-duct 11, where the compressed airis introduced, transversely and radially to one side, where it discharges, as at 12, opposite the turbine, as shown in Figs. 1 and 6, so as to cause the air to impinge thereon and rotate the turbine and cylinder. The exhaust-port 10 extends from a point just above the turbine and at one side of its center radially to one side, where it discharges at the surface of section 1. A semicircular port 13 extends through the turbine concentric with its center into the cylinder 5 and is adapted to register with a supply-port 14 leading directly from the main supply 11 and controlled by valve 15 during one half of its revolution and ,with the exhaust-port 10 during the remaining portion of its revolution,

these ports controlling the discharge of air into and from cylinder 5. An exhaust-duct 16 discharges the air from the turbine at a point somewhere opposite the inlet 12.

Fitted to reciprocate within the cylinder is the hammer 17 it being provided with keys 18 18, which fit and slide in keyways 1919 in the bore of section 2 of the casing, the function of these parts being to prevent the hammer from turning and confine its motion to an endwise-reciprocating motion, although the cylinder revolves around it.

As a means for raising the hammer after its blow has been delivered a semicircular cam 20 is provided in the lower end of the cylinder 5 in the path of the lug 21 on the hammer, which latter riding thereupon returns the hammer to its elevated position preparatory to the delivery of another blow, which takes place instantly upon the shoulder 22 of this lug reaching the end 23 of thecam, at which point the port 13 arrives opposite the supply-port 14, thus admitting a full charge of compressed air and creating a violent blow of the hammer upon the tool inserted in the socket 25 in the lower end of the section 2 of the casing. This socket 25 is preferably lined witha steel bushing 26. The cam 20 is connected with a threaded nut or ring 27, which screws into the threaded lower end of the cylinder 5. A

spiral spring 28 cushions the upper movement of the hammer.

The general operation of the machine has been alluded to in the course of the description, but, to briefly summarize,the compressed air is discharged upon the turbine through port 9 to rapidly revolve the turbine and cylinder, its exhaust passing out through port 16. A valve 15 is employed to regulate the amount of compressed air to be discharged into cylinder 5 for operating the hammer, and this passes through the port 13 when the latter registers with the port 1 whereupon the hammer is forced outward. As the cylinder con tinuously revolves, the cam 20 riding against lug 21 forces the hammer inward, the air in the cylinder the while exhausting through port 10, which at that time registers with port 13 in the turbine, and by the time the shoulder 22 of the lug reaches the end 23 of the cam the exhaust-port 10 is closed by the solid portion of the turbine-wheel and port 14: is again opened, and these operations continue to repeat each other as long as the compressed air is permitted to discharge into the hammer.

By means of the foregoing we effectually overcome the shake, jar, and vibration so common and objectionable in machines of this type, providing instead a uniform rotary and reciprocating motion and perfectly automatic control of the supply and exhaust.

It is evident that slight changes might be resorted to in the form and arrangement of the several parts described without departing from the spirit and scope of our invention, and hence we do not wish to limit ourselves to the exact construction herein set forth; but,

Having fully described our invention, what we claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The combination with a reciprocating hammer, of a rotary cylinder, and means for applying fluid-pressure to the cylinder to cause it to move and means connected with the cylinder for applying fluid-pressure to the hammer.

2. The combination with a reciprocating hammer, of a rotary cylinder, and means for applying fluid-pressure to the cylinder to cause it to move and means connected with the cylinder for applying fluid-pressure to the hammer, to actuate it in one direction and means carried by the cylinder for moving the hammer in the opposite direction.

3. The combination with a suitable casing, and a cylinder fitted to turn therein and provided with a motor which causes it to rotate and also having a port through one end thereof,

' of a hammer keyed to slide or reciprocate in the casing and adapted to be actuated in one direction by fluid-pressure admitted through the port in the cylinder, and means carried by the cylinder for returning the hammer in the opposite direction.

4. The combination with a suitable casing, counterbored and provided with direct and exhaust ports, of a rotary cylinder fitted in the bore of the casing and provided with a motor which is driven by fluid-pressure through said ports, said cylinder having a port, and a hammer fitted to the cylinder and keyed against turning in the casing, and a cam carried by the cylinder for moving the hammer in one direction.

5. The combination with a suitable casing and a cylinder fitted thereto and provided with a turbine at one end with a concentric port therethrough, of a hammer keyed against turning in the casing and fitted within the cylinder, and means for creating fluid-pressure upon the turbine whereby to rotate the cylinder and for intermittently admitting fluidpressure into the cylinder and permitting it to exhaust therethrough.

6. The combination with a suitable casing and a cylinder fitted thereto and provided with a turbine at one end with a concentric port therethrough, of a hammer keyed against turning in the casing and fitted within the cylinder, means for creating fluid-pressure upon the turbine whereby to rotate the cylinder and for intermittently admitting fluid-pressure into the cylinder and permitting it to exhaust therethrough, and means for positively forcing the hammer inward while the exhaust from the cylinder is taking place.

7 The combination with a suitable casing, of a cylinder fitted thereto and provided with a turbine through which a port is formed. into the cylinder, of a hammer keyed against turning in the casing and adapted to move endwise in the cylinder, a cam carried by the cylinder and a lug by the hammer adapted to ride upon the cam with the rotation of the cylinder whereby the hammer is moved endwise in one direction, and a system of direct and exhaust ports, the former leading from the fluid-pressure supply to the turbine-blades and in position to register with the port through the turbine whereby to propel the cylinder and admit fluid-pressure thereinto to force the hammer in one direction.

8. The combination with a suitable casing, and a hammer, of a cylinder one head of which constitutes a motor and a valve which is propelled by fluid-pressure and which controls the passage of fluid into and out of the cylinder.

9. The combination with a casing, made in three sections screwed together, one section having ports therein, and a cylinder having a turbine-wheel, said cylinder and turbine fitted to the intermediate section of the casing, and having ball-bearings therefor, of a hammer fitted to the cylinder and means for exerting fluid pressure against it in one direction whereby to force it endwise and means carried by the cylinder for forcing it back in the opposite direction.

10. The combination with a suitable casing, of a motor-cylinder rotatably fitted therein and provided with a semicircular port extending through the motor end thereof to the interior of the cylinder, a hammer operating in specification in the presence of two subscribthe cylinder, and ports formed in the casing ing Witnesses.

adapted to be alternately opened and closed CLYDE A. SPEER.

by the head of the cylinder, as the latter EUGENE C. BOVVMANQ rotates, and means for applying pressure to Witnesses:

drive the cylinder. WM. B. HERRIOTT,

In testimony whereof we have signed this F. F. HEDDEN.

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