US749718A - Prospecting instrument - Google Patents

Description

No. 749,718. PATENTED JAN. 19, 1904.

.M. CHASE.

PROSPEGTING INSTRUMENT. ABPLIIOATION FILED APR. 30, 1902.

N0 MODEL.

4 SHEETS-SHEET I.

witnessed: v V v Jiz%n PATENTED JAN. 19, 1904. M. CHASE. PROSPEGTING INSTRUMENT. APPLIOATIQN FILEJD APRZZO, 1902.

N0 MODEL.

Min-2066x527 JV. X5. 9L :2. Qwc w N0.'749,71a. PATENTED JAN. 19;:1904.

- M. CHASE.

PROSPEGTING INSTRUMENT.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 30, 1992.

N0 MODEL M. CHASE. P ROSPEOTING INSTRUMENT.

APPLIOATION FILED APR. 30, 1902. N0 MODEL.

4 SHEETS-SHBET 4- 11/1 'Z/zecdew QQM q M f XQLI ZQQH.

PATENTED JAN. 19, 1904.

I No. 749,718.

' UNITED STATES Patented January 19, i904.

PATENT OFFICE.

PROSPECTI'NG INSTRUMENT.

SPECIFICATION forming part ofl'LettersPatent Nil)- 749,718, dated January 19, 1904.

' Application filed April so, 1902. SerialNo. 105,261. 11. model.)

[To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, MILTON CHASE, of Haverhill, county of Essex, and State of Massachw setts, have invented an Improvement in ProS- pecting Instruments, of which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification, like characters on the drawings representing like parts.

My invention relates to means for boring holes to a considerable'depth in the ground for the purpose of prospecting or securing Samples of the earth before sinking a shaft;

and its special object is to provide a means for accomplishing the above purpose which.

is especially adapted to be used in boring through frozen earth and which is provided with means with which samples of the earth may be conveniently drawn to the surface, so that the boring-tool may be cleared and the character of the borings ascertained.

A further object of my invention is to provide means for driving the boring-tool which are especially adapted to be operated by handpower.

I accomplish the above-named ob ects by providing a boring-tool with passages through which a heated liquid may be circulated to heat the tool, so that it will melt the frost or ice in the earth, and thus render the work of driving the tool much less than if it were not heated. I further provide an earth receiving andexcavatingdevice which is attached to the tool and is adapted to receive the earth as it is discharged from the cutting-blade thereof, said device being adapted to be withdrawn when desirable, so that the tool maybe freed of borings and the quality of the earth be tested. I further provide a-movable-pla'tform on which'the persons who drive the boringtool may stand, so that their weightwill actto. force the tool downwardly while they are operating the tool-rotating mechanism.

For a more complete understandingof my invention reference is made to the accompanying drawings, i n"'which*, I Figure 1 is a side elevation show-ing'the manner of using my inventigm. Fig.2 is a .central vertical cross-sectlon of the tool rotating, liquid-circulating, and heating means. Fig. 3 is aplan view, partly in cross-section,

on the line w m of 1.. Fig. 4 is an end elevation of the tool-rotating mechanism. Fig.

"5 is a partial cross-section on the line b of'Fig.

6. Fig. 6 is a cross-Section onthe line 0 of Fig. 5. Figs. 7 and 8 are cross-sections on the lines cl d and e 0, respectively, of Fig. 6.

,Fig. 9 is a bottom plan view of the drillingtool. Figs. 10 and 11 are detail views of the handle of the earth-removingv device, 10

being a cross-section andFig. 11 a central longitudinal section. Fig. 12 1s an end vlew of one of the shaft-sections. Fig. 13 is a detail view of a part of the earth-removing device. Fig. 14 is aplan view of the burner. Fig. 15 is a detail view showing the valve in a closed position. Fig. 16 is an elevation of a modifiedform of boring-tool. Fig. 17 is an elevation of the upper end ofone of the sections thereof. Fig. 18 is a central longitudinal seetion of the tool shown in Fig. 16 through one of the joints between two sections. Figs. 19 and 22 are similar views of the lower end of the tool on sectional planes at right angles to upper end of the tool. Fig. 21 is a bottom view thereof.

. each other. Fig. 20 is a similar view of the As Shown in the drawings, the combined tool rotating-heating, and liquid-circulating apparatuscomprises a rectangular-shaped frame 1, which 1S provided with bearings '2 2 and 21 21 in its upper end, in which a pair ofshaf-ts 3' are journaled, Said shafts being provided with cranks 4 at their ends and being arranged in alinement. Each shaft is provided with a gear 5, which is adapted to engage a circular rack 6, the latter being firmly secured to the top ofa metal tank 7. Said tank 7 is cylindrical in form and is secured to a tubular shaft 8, which is centrally arranged therein in a vertical position. Said shaft 8 is journaled in ball-bearings 9 and 10, which are respectively arranged in the upper and .lower horizontal portion of the frame, as'

shown iIiFig. 2. An oil burner 12 is arranged beneath t'he tank 7 and supported by the frame, the reservoir of said burner being provided with a slot 12, (see Fig. 14), which is adapted to receive the shaft 8, so that said reservoir may be concentrically arranged with respect to the shaft 8 and the tank 7. An annular shield or chimney 13 is secured to the tank 7 and projects belowthe bottom thereof, as shown in Fig.2.

A pair, of platforms 26 are flexibly connected to the lower end of the frame 1 by chains 27 their adjacent ends being jointed to collars 28, which are swiveled'on the lower end of shaft 8 and supported by a collar 80, which is secured to said shaft. Curved legs 29, having rollers 30 at their lower ends, are connected to the outer ends of said platforms and are adapted to rest on the ground. Curved arms 11 are rigidly secured to the vertical portions of frame 1 and extend along the side of each platform for a suitable distance thereabove.

The frames 1 are provided with integral guide-lugs 1 at. each side thereof,-which are adapted to receive vertical standards 31, said swung as the shaft is rotated. A piston 17 isv arranged in the upper end of the tubular shaft 8 and is connected to said lever 14 between Y latter being provided with an inwardly-open 40.

its ends by a piston-rod 18. A partition 22 extends centrally and longitudinally of the tubular shaftand divides the same into two passages 23 and 24, said partition being bent obliquely and connected at its upper end -to the inner surface of the shaft nearly on a level withthe middle of the tank. The passages- 23 and 24 are respectively connected to thetanks by means of openings 19 and 20, the

ing check-valve 21. A cheek-valve 25 is also arranged in the passage 24 a short distance below the check-valve 21.

A double-turning plug-valve 8 is arranged in the tubular shaft-8 just below the frame 1 said valve being adapted to either simultaneously close'or open both of the passages 23 24. The casing ofthe valve. 8 is preferably brazed or otherwise permanently secured to the shaft 8, and therefore practically forms an integral part thereof. The endof the shaft 8 which projects below'the valve-casing and on which the collars 28 are swiveled is pro,- vided with a flange 8 at its lower end on whic a union coupling-ring8 is swiveled.

The lower end of the shaft 8 is provided with a. regular series of longitudinally-extending,

lugs 8 (see Figs. 5 and 12,) and the central partition 22 extends to the lower end of said shaft 8, as shown in Fig. 5. i 1

A tubular shaft '8', having acentrally-ar-' ranged longitudinally-extending partition 22, 1s provided with lugs 8 8 at opposite ends,

lugs 8 being adapted to fit. into the notches between the lugs 8 at the -lower end of the shaft 8 and the end of the shaft 8 at which lugs 8 are located being threaded to receive the I coupling-ring 8 the opposite'end thereof being provided with a similar coupling-ring 8, which is swiveled thereon. 22 of said shafts 88' are so arranged that when the lugs of one, shaft engage the notches of the other and the two shafts are connected by the ring 8 the end of one partition will register with the end of the other, so that they will be substantially cohtinuous.

A boring-tool having a hollow body 33 is provided, the upper end of which is identical in every particular to the'threads, notches, and lugs of the threaded end of the shaft 8, and as the lower end of the shaft 8, having the ring 8, is formed the same asthe lower end of the shaft 8 the upper end of said tool may be connected to the lower end ofthe shaft 8, as shownin Figs. 1, 5, and 6, or directly to the end of the shaft 8. As shown in Figs. 5, 6, and 7 the body 33 is concavo-convex in The partitions 22 cross-section and is divided by a partition 22", I

The hollow portion of the body 33 extends nearly to its lower end, and saidpartition 22 extends nearly to the bottom of said hollow portion, so that a passage-way is left below the lower end of the partition which connects the'two chambers into which the body of the 7 tool is divided by said partition.- vWhen the parts are connected as above described, it will be clear that the passages 2324 extend to the lower end of the tool, where they are connected, so that whenthe pump-piston 17 isv recip- 'rocated tll liquid'will be forced down the passage 24 into the lower end of the passage-'- 23, then up the latter and back into the tank- The lower end; of the tool 33 is provided with ablade 35, which has tapered'and'bew eled side edges which fit into a correspond ingly-tapered and dovetailed groove in the lower end of the body, as shown in full and dotted lines in Fig. 9 and at 61 in the modifie cation'shown in Figs; 16 and 1 9, hereinafter referred to, and has its cutting edge radially arranged with respect to the axis of rotation of thetooL- (SeeFig. 9.) A screw 35 passes through a'slot in the blade and is threaded into the lower end of the body 33. This screw is not intended to hold the blade in place when the tool is rotatedforwardly in the operation of cutting, as the tapering side of the groove in which the blade is located serves to perform this function; but said screw acts. to prevent the blade from becoming displacedwhen the tool is rotated in the opposite direction. A

shaft 36 is firmly secured tothe body of the tool and extends radially from its axis substantiallyat right angles to the cutting edge of the blade 35, and a series of knife-edged disks are loosely journaled on said shaft, the edges of said disks preferably extending slightly below the cutting edgeof the blade.

Said tool 33is also provided with an earth-removing device which consists of a tube39,

' open at its lower end and of double convex shape in cross-section and which is adapted to be fitted betweenthe guides 33 at the edges of the concave side of the tool body 33, (see Fig. 7,) the'side of said tube 39 next the concave side of the tool-body fitting said concave make substantially a perfect cylinder, as shown in Fig. 7. The concave side of the body is provided with a lip 33, against which the lower edge of the inner side of the tool=- 39 abuts, as shown in Fig. 6, said concave side being curved inwardly below saidlug, form ing an earth-receiving recess which extends to the edge of the blade 35. The tube 39is provided with a closed plate 40, of flexible metal, which is fitted to the inner surface of the outer wall of the tube 39, said plate being provided with a series of forks 40* at its lower end:

Said plate is connected to ajointed rod 42,.f

which extends upwardly through the upper end of the tube 39 and is arranged within a tube 41, which is in turn connected to the threaded upper end of thetube '39 by a union coupling-ring 41?. Thelower end of the outer wall of the tube 39 is bent inwardly to provide an obliquely-extending lip 39, above which the lower end of the plate 40 is normally supported. WVhen said plate 40 is moved downwardly, said lip 39' will engage the prongs 40 of the plate 40 and. bendthem to an oblique position, as shown in Fig.1 6, so thatthe ends of the prongs will engage the inner side of the tube. The lower ends of said plate are curved, (see Fig. 13,) so'that when it is moved down to its lowest position it will fit against the opposite wall of the tube. The tube 411 is threaded at its upper end, so that similar sections of tubing, likewise having a couplingring at one end and screw-threads at the other, may be connected thereto. The rod 42 may also be made in sections and "connected bya common fish-pole jpint, (see Fig. 11,) so that the length of said tube and rod may be indefinitely increased. Ashort handle 44 is preferably connected to the rod 42 and extends through a slot in the tube41 closely adjacent the upper end of the tube 39. A plunger 45 is arranged in said tube 39, and a rod 46 is connected thereto and extends through the upper end of the casing 39, as \shown in Fig. 6.

A rack 47 is removably connected by clamps 47 to one side of the shaft 8 and extends l'on' gitudinally thereof, and a pinion 48 is secured to a shaft 49, which is journaledin a tripod 50, and is providedwith a crank 51.

Having now described the construction of my device, the mannr'of using the same may be describedasfollo'ws: The frame 32 is firmly secured to the ground about the place where' it is desired to sink the hole into the earth, said frame'being arranged so that its standards 31 will be in a substantially vertical position. The frame 1 is then placed in the position shown in Fig. 1, so that said standards 31 pass through guide-lugs 1: of the frame, valve 8 Y I is closed, (see Fig.15,*) tank .7. is filled with. oil or other liquid, and the burner is lighted,

,;so that the oil is heated to a comparatively thigh .temperature'. .nected directly to the lower end of the shaft 8, 3 i 'sb" that its cutting end' rests on the ground,-

The tool 33 is fiI'S'UCOIl'.

"and the platforms 26 will then be nearly hori- 'zontal, as shown in Fig. 1. Valve 8 is then fiopened, and the two men who are to'operate- Tithe device thentake their places upon the platforms 26and rotate the shafts 3 bymeans of the cranks 4, so that the tank 7, shaft 8,

are rotated the piston 17 will be reciprocated, drawing the heated liquid in the tank into the passage 24 and forcing the same down through the chambers of the tool and back again up the passages 23 into the tank. As the platforms 26 are flexibly connected with the frame 1 and as, fully one-half the weight of each man is sustained by said frame,which is in turn sustained by the tool as its end rests on the ground, it will be obvious that the weight of the men will aid materially in forcing the tool into the earth as it is rotated. The arms 11 serve an important function, as they give the men who rotate the driving-shaft something to brace and tool 33 will be rotated. As the shafts 3 against as they turn the cranks. Asthe toolis driven into the earth the platforms tip to some extent as they swing downwardly, and the rollers 30 on the ends of the legs 29 at the same time I 0 5 permit-thelegs to slide away from the shaft 8. As soon as the liquid is circulated through the tool it becomes heated by the 'liquid,enf{

abling the tool to melt thefrost in the earth and dry and soften it, so that the work of boring the hole in the ground is greatly facilitated. The tool will sink into the earth until the collars 28 rest on the surface thereof and further downward movement is prevented." The valve 8 is then closed, the tool is uncoupled from the, lower end of the shaft 8, and the frame 1 is again lifted. Shaft 8 is then connected to the upper endof the tool 33 and to the lower end of the shaft 8, as

.shown in Fig. 1, and the valve 8 is again. opened and the boring operation continued.

W hen the collars 28 again sink to the ground, the'valve 8 is again closed, and another shaft similar to the shaft8' is interposed between shaft8 and the previously added section, so that the length of shaft 8 is again increased. Succeeding sections of shaft 8, tube .42, and rod 41 are thus added until the tool is driven to therlesired depth. When the toolf-is driven below the frost line, the pump may be disconnectedand the heating of the liquid in tank 7 discontinued. During the first part of the operation the earth will be readily discharged at the surface; but as soon as the tool is forced below the surface to a considerable depth it will be necessary to employ the earthremoving tube 39, already described. Tube 39 is then placed in the position shown in Figs. 6 and 7, with the plate 40 drawn up so 39 is full, the rod 42 is forced downwardly, causing the plate 40 to close the lower end of the tube, as shown in Fig. 6. Then pipe 41 is drawn upward, lifting the tube 39 out of engagement with the. tool-body 3.3. As the ends of pipe 41 and rod 42 would strike the frame as it is drawn up, the sections thereof will be unjointed as they are drawn to the surface, so that the tube 39 may be drawn from the hole without disturbing the boring apparatus When said tube is removed, the plate 40 is drawn upwardly by means of the handle 44, and the end of the tube is opened so that the earth therein'may be expelled by means of the plunger 45. After the earthis removed fromthe tube it is again forced down into engagement with the tool-body 33, the pipe 41 and rod 42 beingagain coupled as it is lowered. The loose sharp edged disks 37 serve to loosen the earth .in advance of the eagagement of the blade therewith. When it is necessary to remove the tool-body33 so as to supply a new blade, the valve 8 ,closed, and tl1e""" shaft 8 is disconnected from the adjacent section 8, and then the. whole frame and its connected parts are lifted above the ends of the guiding-standards 31 and moved'to one side. The tripod is'thenar- '..-.rang ed";so that its pinion 48 engages the rack 547-011 the shaft 8, and-the crank is turned,

lifting. the tool out of the ground. in Figs. 16 to 22 I show a modified form of jborinlg qtool which I preferably employin bor- Fiih'g, holes in certain earth formations. tool shown in sald figures resembles an or- The dinary form of twist-drill, except that the cutting end thereof is provided with a pair of oppositely-arranged blades 6l,whieh are fitted into tapering dovetailed grooves in the ends of the spirals of the drill, as previously described with respect to'blade 35 of tool 33. The spirally-extending grooves 605 of the tool lead down to the cutting edges of the blades, so that as thematerial is cut away by the blades it will be lifted into the grooves and gradually forced upwardly as the tool rotates.

. These grooves are preferably made relatively narrow at their lowerends and gradually increase 1n width as they ascend, so that the danger of cloggmg arlslng from-the material becoming wedged into the grooves is practically'obviated. The tool is preferably made up of a series of sections whichare firmly connected together. The upper end of each section is provided with an obliquely-disposed I seat 60*, as shown in Fig. 17, having shoulders 60 at its ends, which extend, obliquely to the surface of the seat and provide a V- shaped socket. The lower end of the next section above is made to fit said seat and joint will not be taken upto a material extent by said screws 62, but the force will be exerted against the shoulders 60 and the seat 60". Said screws are necessary, however, to

The drill G0 is made of cast-steel, and when it is i keep the parts in their proper positions.

cast each spiral of the drill is cored so that passages 23 and 24? are formed therein, said passages extending throughout the entire length of each section except the lower section, which bears the knives 61. gated slot (see'Fig. 22) is formed in the middle portion of the'lower section, which connects the lower ends of said passages and affords free circulation of liquid closely adjacent the blades of the tool. The upper section 6O is'contracted at its upper end, and

An elonpassages 23 24 therethrough lead into said contracted portion, the latter being provided with tongues and being threaded, so that it may be connected to the lower end of shaft 8 or one of the sections 8, as previously described. The sections of the. drill between the lower section, which carries the blades, and the upper section, to which the shaft 8 is connected, are substantially identical and may be increased in number to any extent requiredwithin certain limits. -Each of these intermediate stations are practically identical, and

they are so formed that the ends of the passages through one section will register with the ends of the passages in the adjacent sections. .The manner of operating this tool is identical with that previously described, the

tool being heated by the circulated liquid and the frost being extracted from the earth as it is cut away by the tool. The material which is cutaway by the knives is carried up by the spirals as the tool is rotated, or the tool may be drawn out of the earth after the spirals have been filled and the earth removed therefrom. In .practice it will be necessary to remove the tool at comparatively -short intervals on account of the necessity of changing the blades 61, which will become dulled after a certain length of time, dependent largely on the characteriof the earth through which the able distance below its surface without its being necessary to'sink a shaft. I

The feature of heating the tool while it is being driven through the frozen earth may be advantageously employed on a larger scale than that shown, and other changes may be made without departing from the spirit of my invention. i

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. A prospecting instrument comprising a boring-tool having a pair of liquid-tightpas sages connected at the lower end .of the tool,' and extending longitudinally thereof, means for operating said tool, a reservoir and means for circulating heated liquid through said reservoir and passages, substantially as described.

2. A prospecting instrument comprising a boring-tool having a cutting edge at its lower end, two liquid-tight passages which extend longitudinally of said tool and are connected at their lower ends closely adjacent said cut-: ting edge, areservoir into which both said passages leadxm'eans for operating said tool, and meansforcirculating heated liquid through' said reservoir and passages, substantially as described. I i l 3. A prospecting instrument comprising a shaft having two liquid-tight passages which extend longitudinally thereof, a boring-tool which is connected to said shaft and is pro vided with passages which are respectively connected with the passages therein, said passages being connected near the cutting edge of the tool, afluid-containing reservoir, means for heating the same, connections between said reservoir and the passages of said shaft, means for circulating heated liquid through said reservoir and passages, and means for rotating said shaft,- substantially as described,

4. A prospecting instrument comprising a shaft having two passages which extend longitudinally thereof, a tool which is connected to one end of said shaft, said tool having pas-- sages which register with the passages of said shaft andare connected at the cutting end of saidtool, a liquid-containing tank which is borne .bysaid shaft and. is connected to the ;-passages therein, a'pump for forcing theiliquid into one of said passages'and for causing the same to be discharged back into the tank through the other passage, means for rotating said shaft and for simultaneously operating said pump, substantially as described.

5.- A device of'the character described comprising a frame, apair of driving-shafts journaled thereon, a tubular shaft which is journaled in said frame and is operativelyconnected with said driving-shafts and has a pair of liquid-passages therein,a tool which is con nected to said shaft and is provided with a pair of liquid-passages which are respectively 7 connected with the passages of said shaft, a liquidcontaining tank which is carried by said shaft and is connected to the passages v thereof, av pump which is operated by one of said driving-shaf ts and circulates the'liquid in said tank through said passages, and means for); heating said liquid, substantially as describedt;

6.; A device of the character described com prising a frame, apair of platforms which are flexibly connected to said frame at their adjacent ends, a supporting-leg for the opposite ends of each platform, a pair of driving-shafts which are journaled in said frame having cranks, an upright shaft which is journaled in said frame and is provided with a boring-tool at its lower end, and suitable connections between said upright shaftand said drivingshafts whereby the :upright shaft may'be rotated, substantially as described.

' 7. A device for the purpose described, com prising a frame, a pair'of oppositely-arranged platforms which are flexibly connected to said frame at adjacent ends, supporting-legs which are connected to the opposite ends of. said platforms, a'pair of horizontal driving-shafts which are journaled in said frame having suitably-arranged cranks, an upright shaft which is journaled in said frame and is operatively connected with said driving-shaft, a boringtool which -is connected to said upright shaft, and arms which are rigidly connected with said frame and extend to one side of said platforms between the platforms and the cranks," substantially as described.

8. A device of thecharacter described com- -prising aframe, a tubular shaft which is journaled in said frame and is provided with a pair of longitudinallyextending passages, means for closing both of said passages, a

liquid-containing tank which is connected to said passages, means for heating the liquid in said tank, a boring-tool connected to said shaf beyond said closing means and provided with a pair of circulating-passages which extend to the upper end thereof, said passages registering with the passages of said shaft, means carried by said frame for rotating said tubular shaft, and means for conducting the liquid in said tank through said passages and returning.

the same thereto, substantially as described.

9; A device for the purpose described comprising a boring-tool having an earth-receivingrecess, means for rotating the same, means for removing the borings of said tool com-v prising a tube open at its lower end and arranged in said recess, a flexible plate arranged to slide is within said tube and connected to one side thereof, means for reciprocating said plate which'e'x'tends upwardly from said tube, means for bending said blade to an oblique position as it is forced downwardlyt'o thereby .scribed.

close the lower end of said tube, and means platform, and means connected to said shaft for operating the same, substantially as de- 11. Adevice of the character described comprising a frame, an upright tool-carrying shaft. which is journaled and heldagainst longitndinal movement therein, a pair of plat- "forms which are flexibly connected at adjacent ends to said frame, means. for rotating said upright shaft, and means for guiding said frame in a direction parallel toj the axis of said shaft, substantially as described.

12. A device for the purpose described coni- 4 prising, a verticallymovable frame, an upright shaft journaled therein, means for rotating said shaft,a boring-tool connected with the lower end of said shaft,a horizontallyarranged gear which is connected to said shaft,

a pair of driving-shafts which are journaled in said. frame and are provided with gears which mesh with said horizontal gear, cranks which are connected to the outer ends, of said driving-shafts, a pair .of platforms which are flexibly connected to said frame at their adjacent ends and are arranged beneath said cranks, a pair of legs which are connected to the opposite ends of said platforms, and curved arms which are connected to each side of said frame and extend to one'side of each platform between the platforms and the cranks, substantiallyas described.

'In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presenceof two subscribingwitnesses.

a MILTON CHASE. Witnesses:

Loms H. HARRIMAN, J. L. HUTCHINSON.

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