US748904A - Adams - Google Patents

Description

No. 748,904. PATENTED JAN. 5, 1904* L. WIRTZ & T. HAMILTON-ADAMS.

ELECTRIC ARC LAMP.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 4, 1903.

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UNITED STATES Patented January 5, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

ELECTRIC-ARC LAMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 748,904, dated January 5, 1904.

Application filed February 4,1903. Serial No. 141,887. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, LUIS WIRTZ, a subject of the King of Spain, and THOMAS HAMILTON- ADAMS, a subject of the King of Great Britain, both residing at Howard House, Arundel street, Strand, London, England, have invented new and useful Improvements in Electric-Arc Lamps, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in electric-arc lamps of the kind wherein the movable carbon is moved toward the fixed carbon by gravity and is raised by a solenoid-core which automatically grips the movable carbon-holder or carbon through the medium of a suitable catch or clutch, the object being to overcome certain disadvantages attaching to arc-lamps of this description as heretofore made and also to simplify the construction and provide means whereby the length of arc and the quantity of current passing through the lamp can be varied as desired.

To enable our invention to be fully understood, we will describe it by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 represents a sectional elevation of an inclosed arc-lamp having the improvements applied thereto; and Fig. 2 is a section on the line 2 2, Fig. l.

a is the casing of the lamp; b, the globe, which is attached to the frame by hermetic joints on the bottom of the casing a and of the frame or, carrying the lower carbon, so that the casing and globe b form an inclosed space. 0 is the upper carbon, and d the lower carbon.

In lamps of this description as heretofore made when current is first passed through the solenoid it raises the upper carbon 0 too quickly and too far and in the working of the lamp causes pumping or unsteadiness in the are produced, so that it has been foundnecessary to provide independent mechanism for controlling this movement. Now we overcome this disadvantage by making use of a special form of solenoid in which the full magnetic force is not generated immediately on the flow of the current and in which the lines of force are limited to a restricted field. The drawings show a suitable form of this solenoid and consists of two half-bobbins e e, secured by a central non-magnetic tube or lining f-say of brass-an annular space 9 being left between the inner ends of the two half-bobbins e 6 around the said lining f. This space may be either filled with air or with another non-magnetic substance, such as brass. Around the outside of the two half-bobbins e c and between the flanges thereof we fit a thickness or cylinder h, of mica or other non-conducting material, upon which the solenoid-coil h is wound, the whole being inclosed in a tightly-fitting jacket 2', of iron, secured to the flanges of the two halfbobbins e e. For direct working the core comprises the iron plug j, which is solid at its lower end, the upper part being bored out (and preferably filled, as shown, with a nonmagnetic substance, such as brass) and the lower end of the said bore tapering to a point, as shown atj. The weights of the corej and of the parts raised by the said core are Wholly or partially counterbalanced by means of the weight 70, which is attached to the end of a cord Z0, passed over the pulley k pivotally mounted on the bracket k fixed inside the casing C6, the other end of the cord is being attached to the top of the corej.

We have found that by using a solenoid of the above-described construction the current when caused to flow through the coil must first saturate the solenoid before exerting its full pull upon the core, so that the carbon, which is in connection with the solenoid-core, is not raised suddenly, as has heretofore been the case with lamps of this construction, but gradually and regularly.

The clutch for the carbon 0 consists of the frame Z, which incloses the carbon 0 (see Fig. 2) and has pivoted at its lower part two gravity-catches Z Z, which normally tend to drop, and so grip the carbon. This frame Z is pivoted to the forked or slotted end of a lever 'm, the other end of which is pivoted at m to a bracket m in the casing a. The lever m is arranged underneath the solenoid-core j, which is provided with an eye it, through which the said lever passes, and with a roller '11, upon which the said lever rests, so that as the said core rises and falls the said lever follows its movements. The frame Z, carrying the gravity-catches Z Z, when in its lowermost posi- V certained the nature of our said invention and tion rests upon the stop-plate 0, so that the said gravity-catches are raised, as shown in Fig. 1, thereby releasing the carbon. When, however, the solenoid-core is drawn into the solenoid by the current flowing through it, it raises the free end of the lever m, and so allows the catches Z Z to drop and grip the carbon c,which is thus raised with the lever 'm.

In practice we find it advantageous to make the relative lengths of the two arms of the lever m such that the movements of the solenoid-core j are considerably multiplied at that end controlling the gravity-catches Z, so that the apparatus is made very sensitive to the movements of the core j.

The stop-plate o for the gravity-catches Z is formed with two guide-sleeves 0 0 the latter of which works upon the upper end of one of the tubes of the frame a, carrying the globe of the carbon, which said end extends into the casing Ct, as clearly shown. The other sleeve 0 is internally screw-threaded and works upon the screw-threaded rod 1), which passes up through the other tube of the frame a and is provided at its lower end with a knob or button g, by means of which it can be turned. With this arrangement it will be clear that by turning the said rod 19, which is prevented from moving longitudinally, the stop-plate 0 can be raised or lowered, as desired, so as to vary the length of arc.

In the case of singly-burning lamps, as shown in the drawings,we provide,in conjunction with this means of adjustment, a rheostat r or resistance-box mounted inside the casing a and the movable contacts of which is secured to the upper end of the rodp. With this construction it will be evident that as the position of the stop-plate 0 is adjusted the movable contact 3 of the rheostat is also moved, so as to vary the resistance in the lamp-circuit, and thus control the current flowing through the same.

In the case of lamps burning in series we provide an adjustable stop 25 inside the casing a, this stop serving to limit the upward movement of the lever m, so as to prevent the core j from being drawn into the solenoid farther than is desired.

As above described, the casing Cb and globe b are'made air-tight, so as to prevent the entrance of air. In order to provide for the eX- pansion of the gases inside the lam p,we make use of the sliding cap or piston 14, which is here shown applied to the top of the casing (1, although it can be applied in any other suitable position. This sliding cap moves over a neck a on the casing and is normally held in its lowermost position by means of the springs t 12. With this arrangement the sliding cap it yields under the increase of pressure of the gas inside the lamp and is returned by the springs o to its normal position as the pressure becomes readjusted.

Having now particularly described and as in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we claim is- 1. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination with a holding device for engaging the movable carbon thereof, of a solenoid having two separated half-bobbins mounted on a tube of non-magnetic material so as to leave an annular space between their adjacent ends, a coil surrounding said bobbins and insulated therefrom, an iron jacket surrounding said coil, a core within said solenoid having a portion thereof bored out to reduce the effect of the solenoid thereon and connections between said core and the carbon-holding device, substantially as described.

2. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination with a holding device for engaging the movable carbon thereof, of a solenoid having two separated half-bobbins mounted on a tube of non-magnetic material, a coil surrounding said bobbin and insulated therefrom, a jacket of magnetic material surrounding said coil, a core within said solenoid and connections between said core and the carbon-holding device, substantially as described.

3. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination with a holding device for the movable carbon, of a solenoid having two separated half-bobbins mounted on a tube of non-magnetic material so as to leave an annular space between them, a coil surrounding said bobbins and insulated therefrom, an iron jacket surrounding said coil, a core within said solenoid having a portion thereof bored out to reduce the effect of the solenoid thereon, a counterbalance connected with said core and connections between said core and the carbon-holder, substantially as described.

4:. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination with a vertically-movable frame, of a pair of pivoted gravity-pawls mounted therein for holding the movable carbon, a solenoid located at one side of the movable carbon, a movable core located therein, a friction-roller secured to said core, a lever pivoted to the lamp-casing and to said movable frame, and engaging said friction-roller, and a counterbalance connected with said core, substantially as described.

5. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination with a vertically-movable frame, of a pair of pivoted gravitypawls mounted therein for holding the movable carbon, a solenoid located at one side of the movable carbon, a movable core located therein, a lever pivoted to the lamp-casing and to said frame, said core having a part provided with a frictionroller engaging said lever, a counterbalance weight, a flexible connection between said weight and said core and a stationary roller engaging said flexible connection, substantially as described.

6. In an electric-arc lam p, the combination with a vertically-movable frame, of a pair of pivoted gravity-pawls mounted therein for holding the movable carbon, a solenoid located at one side of the movable carbon, a movable core located therein, a lever connected to said frame and having a connection with the said core, a vertically-adjustable stop-frame, adapted to engage said pawls, to raise them in respect to their supportingframe, and a rod extending outside of the lamp-casing, having a threaded portion engaging said stop-frame for adjusting the same, substantially as described.

7. In an electric-arc lamp mechanism for raising the movable carbon, comprising a vertically-movable frame, a pair of gravitycatches for engaging the movable carbon, a stop for engaging said catches to cause them to release the carbon, a rheostat within the lamp-casing, an adjusting device for said stop, and a connection between said adjusting device and said rheostat for operating the same simultaneously with the adjustment of said stop, substantially as described.

8. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination with the casing, and closed globe communieating therewith, a sliding piston having a face in communication With the interior of said chamber and springs connected with said piston, substantially as described.

9. In an arc-lamp, the combination with the casing provided With an aperture and acylindrical part surrounding said aperture, of a sliding cap fitting over said cylindrical part, springs connecting said cap with said casing and a globe communicating with said casing, substantially as described.

LUIS WIRTZ. THOMAS HAMILTON-ADAMS.

Witnesses:

JOHN E. BOUSFIELD, O. G. REDFERN.

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