US74755A - Improvement in the manufacture of test-lined lead pipes - Google Patents

Description

'JOHN FARRELIh-.OF PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.

Letters Patent No. 74,755, dated February 25, 1868.

IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUIAGTURE 0I' TIN-LINED LEAD PIPES.

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TO ALL WHM IT MAY CONGERN:

Beit known that I, JOIIiN FARRELL, of Pittsburg, in the colunty of Allegheny, and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in llianufacture of Tin-Lined Lead Pipe; andI do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

My invention relates to the manufacture of ltin-lined lead pipe, orlead pipe linedwit-h tin or such other metal or metallic alloy or composition as may byexudationhwhen subject to hydraulic or other heavy pressure in a solid state. be forced through an orifice properly shaped for making pipe.

Tin-lined lead pipev has heretofore been made either by tinnirig the lead pipe on its inside surface by an' application of melted tin, which method is liable to numerous and obvious objections, or by placing a conc-shaped ingot of tin and an ingot of lead over a core or mandrel in a cylinder, and by a plunger or ram applied to them at one end ofthe cylinder, forcing them out through a die or dies at the opposite end of the cylinder. The

-diiliculties which belong to this process are serious, and hitherto have not been entirely overcome: first, the

great amount of friction caused by forcing the entire body of lead and tin, under a heavy pressure, along through the cylinder, and 'out through dies; second, since tin is harder than lead, the tin at first is pressed out through the dies faster than the lead, so that'the pipe produced-will not have a tin lining of uniform thickness, the tin at firs't being too thick, and, consequently, toward, the last too thin third, in order to produce a perfect union hetweenthe lead pipe and its tin lining, since the two will not in a solid state perfectly unite under pressure, 4it is necessary that thevlead becast around and against the outer face of thetin, either beforeor after they are placed over the core or mandrel, but such casting is objectionable, since, as block tin melts at a lower temperature than lead, the molten lead fuses the tin to a greater or Vless depth, and the two mix together; fourth, the preparation of cone-shaped ingots of tin, such as are nowV used in manufacturing such pipe, necessitates the construction of various sizes cf ingot-moulds in which to cast ingots for different-sized pipe.

To obviate these and other minor objections is the object of' my invention; and the nature of it consists, rst, inthe construction of improved apparatus for making tin-lined lead pipe second, in the construction of an improved compound ingot of tin and lead; third, -in making the tin part of such ingot with a flanged base; and, fourth, in protecting'such tin part from the effects of the molten lead by a metallic shield uor cover till the lead is partially set, and then effecting a union between them by pressure.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, Iwill proceed to describe its construction and mode of operation, referring for that purpose tothe drawings hereto annexed, in which- Figure l is a vertical sectional view of the` cylinder, with its mandrel and the plunger which I employ.

Figure 2 is a similar sectional elevation of a part of my apparatus, showing my mode of making tin pipe'for lining purposes. i

Figure 3 is a similar sectional view, showing the use ofthe shield or cover to protect the tin from .the heat ofthe melted lead. v V

Figure 4 is a similar view, showing in section my mode of making the tin-lined pipe.

Fgnre 5 is an outside view of the shield or cover.

Figures 6 and 7 are sectional viewsof the dies I employt Like letters of reference in the dilTerent figures indicate like parts.

In the cylinder a is bored or cast a hollow chamber, b, of diameter requisite for the admission and free operation of the plunger or r'am c. Usually I find it best to make the plunger e stationary, and the cylinder a movable, but either may bc made movable at pleasure.v In the axis of the chamber b is the core ormandrel eZ, of diameter equal to the interior diameter of the pipe to be made. Y

'lhe devices named being in the position shown in hg. 1, I pour into the bottom of the chamber b molten tin or other desirable metal or metallic alloyfor lining purposes, iu such quantity as may be required to form thetin pipe required for lining purposes. AtV or about the time that it is passing from a'liquid to a solid state, orwheu fully solidified, I apply the plunger c, ttedwith a die e of interior diameter equal to the exterior diameter of the tin pipe 4to be; made. Then by pressure applied to either or both, the tin is forced up through the die e and hollow plunger c, till theplunger c reaches or nearly 4reaches the bottom'of the chamber b, or till the tin is forced up on the core or mandrel d to the required" height, when the pressing movement is arrested,

and a pipe is formed of the shape shown atf, lig. 2, with a langedbase, z'. The cylinder a is then returned to its original position, or the plunger c withdrawn, as the case may be, and the shield or cover g of anymaterial fusible or combustible only at a higher heatthan is usually imparted to molten lead, is placed over the tin pipe y", lig'. 3, and the rest ofthe chamber @,or any desirable part thereof, filled with melted lead, L. That part of the lead which comes in contact with the cover gis by it s oon partially set or chilled, when the cover ,r/ is removed, and pressure is applied by the plunger c, or more commonly,lthe plunger being stationary, by the cylinder a to the semi-lnid lead, to caiise it to unite with the tin without fusing thclatter to too great a depth.

When the lead has become fully solidiiedor before, ifso preferred, the die e is removed from the plunger c, and another die, c', substituted, the interior diameter of which is equal to the exterior diameter of the lead vpipe to be manufactured. Then by hydraulic or other powerful pressure, the cylinder a is pressed against theplunger c, the lead and tin forming a tin-lined lead pipe, o, forced out through between the die e and mandrel el, as in g. fi. 'lhclcad 7L in the cylinder resting on the llange 1,' elfectually prevents the tin f `from being pressed out faster than is desirable. As the cylinder a and tin and lead move together, and the pipe is forced out at the same end at which the ram operates, friction is reduced to a minimum.

As a modification of my mode of preparing tin pipe'for lining purposes, Isometimes make in the ordinary way a length of tin pipe of the requisite diameter` and thickness, and cut it up. into sections of length equal or about equal to the length ofthe core or mandrel d. Such sections of pipe I place over thc mandrel d, and either cast on to thema flange, z', or, if so preferred, proceed with' the processes above described without such llange. I do not consider the flange indispensable, though practically I find its use of-great benet in securing a tin lining of uniform thickness. Nor do I confine -my invention, when a flange lis used, to the particular mode described, of making the p'ipef by pressure, as such pipe may be cast, if so preferred. Ifdesircd, the pipef may he made .of other metal than tin, or of a metallic alloy, provided it be'not toe hard to be shaped by pressure in the manner described. The shield or cover gl also use not only with tin pipe such as is above described, but also with tin ingots of the ordinary construction. f

I 'thus obviate all the objections which are encountered in the ordinary process of manufacturing, as above set forth, and secure the desired results by a method which is at once simple, easy of appli cation,c crtain in its operation, and by which a pipe isproduccd of any desirable and of 'a perfectly uniform thickness of tin and lead, these metals being perfectly united together, and the pipe produced being adapted to any and all uses to which such pipe is commonly applied. 'lhe wrought or pressed-tin pipe I also find better adapted to lining purposes than ythe ordinary cast-tin ingo't.

` What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Iatent, is- 5 1. The die c in a plunger, c, in combination with a cylinder a an-dmandrel d, in a. machine for making tinlined lead pipe, construct-ed and operated substantially in the manner and for the purposes hereinbefore set forth.

2. The method hercinbefore described of constructing a compound ingot of tin and lead, in the manufacture of tin-lined lead pipe.

3. The use of a ange, z', attached te the tin part of a compound ingot of lead and tin, for the purposes and in the manner substantially as above set forth'.

4. In the production of a compound tin and'lead ingot by the method hereinbefoe described, I claim the use of a cover, g, fon protecting the tin pipe or tin ingot from the heat of the molten lead, substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore set forth.

In testimony whereof, I, the said JOHN FARRELL, have hereunto set my hand, in presence of- JOHN FARRELL.

Witnesses z Guo. I-I. CHRISTY, A. S. NICHOLSON.-

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