US74613A - William anthony shaw - Google Patents

Description

WiLLIAM ANHoNYsHAw, oF NEW YORK, sur.r

Letters Patent No. 751,613, dated Febrer-dry 18, 1868; ntedateul February 6, 1868.

ritenersi/teur vut Tsi: MANUPAoTUR-s or rIN-LINEDLBAD PIPE.

@te -tlgthnle meurt in iu tinte fet'tert lnteuttntimsling ont nttrgt sante. Y

TO ALL WHOM I'l MAY CONCERN:

- Be it known tlmt I, WILLIAM ANTHONY SHAW, of the city', county, and State of New York, have invented a. certain new and useful Improvement the Manufacture of Tin-Lincd Lead Pipe.; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and ex'act description of the same, reference being had to theannexed drawings making part of this specification, in which- A i Figure lis a top view of my said improvement, and p Figure 2 is a vertical Asection through the samc, on the line :c y. p

' `This invention relates to' the manufacture of tin-lined lea.d pipe, or lead-encased tin pipe,.upon the` plan stated -in the patent lgranted tome on the tenthiof March, 1863, which patent was afterwards assigned and reissued. v Y,

i In manufacturing this kind of pipe upon the plan stated in said patent, or said reissued patent, great dithculty is `experienced in obtaining a uniform thickness of lining inthe pipe.' The lining will be thicker in one place than another, sometimes insane end and sometimes on. one`side, and then, again, the lining will he nearly or quite uniform through the entire length of the coil,y thus developing a want of certainty in the manufactureY .ofthis-variety of pipe which inilitates very much 4against the practical value of the invention. The prime cause of this difficulty is undoubtedly owing to the fact that the two metals are both placed in one retainingcylinder, from whence they have to be forced through one die.

The diliculty thus resulting from placing the two' metals together in the same cylinder, as indicated in the patentraforesnid, is due to the fact that,` in pressing an ingot of soft metal out of a retaining-cylinder through a die, thecentre of the iugot is forced out withlgreater rapidity4 than the circumference, and especially during the latter part of.the stroke. This may he owing to the greater friction of the metal on the sides and bottom of the retaining-cylinder, or-it may oe owingto the fact that the centre of the metal, near the axis of the ingo t, is nearest the place' of exit-thro'hgh the die, the particleslof soft metal passing more freely by cach other than by .theside of theicylinder-, the circumference of the ingot breaking down continually under /the end of the ram or applied power, thus forcing the centre of the ingot forward.

Whatever may be the causo of this phenomenon may be ditlicult to exactly determine, but of its existence there is no' doubt; for, by putting the two metals together in the same cylinder and pressing them out, as in the case of the patent above alluded to, the course and disposition of. the metal are at once revealed.

Now, in the manufacture of lead-encased tin pipe, upon the plan of said patent, the tin ingot must be placed around the axis of the mandrel, and, per consequence, is first forced out through the die with the greatest rapidity, making the lining in the end of the pipe first formed too thick, and disappearing nearly or wholly in the lastcnd of the coil.A This diiiiculty has been met, and, to a certain extent, overcome, by a peculiar formo.4 tonalnd adjustment of the two ingots, in respect tc each other and to the die and cylinder'.

The peculiar formation and adjustment of these ingots in relation to each other, the die and cylinder, for the purpose of overcoming the difficulty above pointed out,'have been hitherto patented hyme, but the diiiculty,

i though mitigated, has net entirely disappeared.

In making this variety ofpipe, I havel found that the top .of the two ingots, or charge, moves down, Without change of form, fo'r a certain distance, or until it comes within the influence of the escaping current at the die. The distance that the-charge or ingots will thus move down without change of form depends upon the size of the die and the core, and also upon the' depth of the cylinder and its diameter. I

To overcome the objections above pointed out, the two ingcts must be so formed, proportioned, and adjusted in relation to each other, the die, cylinder, and mandrel, that the lead ingot, under the operation of the applied' power, will not distort the tin ingot to such au extent as to destroy its uniform discharge through the die, and

the equal thickness of the `tin lining or tube in the lead enea-sement.

'.lo'rncet theseconditions, I make the tin ingot in the' form of a doublevfrustum of a cone, as represented in the drawing hy A A, mak-ing the upper frustum to contain a little more metal than the lower one-,and also a little shorter and more tapering than the latter, placing the lead ingot B around the tin, in thcvinanner shown. By these means the tin will be forced out of uniform thickness, or nearly so, from one end of the charge to the other, the shape of the top frustum being gradually transformed to thet of the lower one, as the charge works off. Thesefrusta may be made separately, tha-t is, parted on the transverse dotted line a, in iig. 2, or, in casting, they may be parted longitudinally through the centre, or they may be cast in one piece of ingot, as experience may seemto dictate.

The same object, that is' to say, a uniform thickness of load and tin through the whole length of pipe, may he approximately obtained even when a cylindrical central -ingot is used, or one that is nearly cylindrical, by curing out the lead ingot, to reduce the quantity of metal, and the consequent excessive density thereof` towards the last part of the charge, by which the proper relative proportion ofthe tin and lead in the pipe is destroyed, the lead being in excess and the tin too thin, but by making the cavities D in the top of the-ingot, the metal hasanopportunity to spread, and relieve the tendency to force out thc centre or middle of thc ingot. But to the best result from the preparation of the charge, and to prevent the lead from alloying excessively with the tin, and to save the waste of time incidental to the chilling of the central or tin ingot, as new practised, I first maire two moulds, of the form of a frustum of :L cone, as represented by the two parts-ot` the lead ingots B and C, .when separated on'thc linee. I then malte two cores, of the forms respectively of thc ltop and bottom parts of the tin ingot A. I then put one ofthe last-mentioned cores in each of the aforementioned moulds, andl east the two parts of the lead ingot,twhich is divided on the line z separately, in their respective moulds. These two parts of the lead ingot are then put together in a metal receiver, made for that purpose.` I then set the mandrel E in the centre ofthe lead ingot-B, thus formed, and cast the' tin ingot around the mandrel, and afterwards cast the lead ingot C either in the cylinder of the press, or in a separate mould around the ingot B.

By this means, I avoidoompletely the excessive ulloying and waste ot' time above alluded to, and, at the same time, get thelowei part of the 'charge the hottest; -for, by makingr the intermediate ingot like an inverted frustum of a cone, and casting the melted lead around it, I get the greatest mass of het lead in the bottom of the cylinder, and heat the ingot at the desired point previous to the .application of the power thereto. The intermediateingot maybe of lead, or some suitable alloy, as leadl and zinc, or lead and copper, or lead andantimony, or it may be oi' any-alloy which will melt at a somewhat higher temperature than tin, thus improving the pipe, by strengthening it, and affording bettervfacility for making the joints with solder, removing, as it does, all danger of meltingthe lining inthe pipe, as sometimes happens in the case of pur'e tin.

IIl hesproportion and forni of the centra-l and intermediate ingots may be somewhat modified, and the ingot B may be made much smaller, leaving room for the cavities D in theoutside casing O. But the intermediate ingot, B, should be about ofA the form of the frustum of a cone, and the central ingot, A, should bcl of the form oto double t'rustum of a cone, or nearly so;

This general form, I think, it will be well to preserve, without meaning to confine my claim to the exact form, or to any given taper or proportion of the respective ingots, or to the above-described order of making them. The idea which'this invention is intended to reduce to practice is to so form and proportion the two ingots or metals in respect to each-other, the cylinder, die,` and mandrel, that, notwithstanding the change which takes place in their relative shapes or form'sundcr the'operation of the applied power, they will nevertheless dispose themselves in their proper relative position and proportion when forcedout of the die in theform of pipe.

f I desire it understood, therefore, that, although I claim the manner of preparing the described charge et' metal, I do not intend to limit my patent to makjng'it in three parts or pieces, nor do I intend to limit it to the exact outline 0i' a double -frustum of a cone in the one part, or a single frustum of a cone in the other, but

i What Ido claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is- .i

` 1. Making the charge of metal in three distinct parts, as described, and uniting them either before or after they are put in the cylinder. v

2. Making the central ingot or charge of tin, in the form of a. doublelfrustum of a cone, or its equivalent, for the purpose of securing a uniform thickness of t-in in the lead tube or pipe.

3. Making the intermediate lea-d or alloy ingot in the form of a fr'ustum of' a cone,` substantially as described.

J 4. Making thecavities D in the upper end of the charge, substantially as described, for the purpose specified. I

I WM. ANTHONY SHAW.

Witnesses l?. D. KENNY, Anos BnoADNAX.'

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