US743352A - Process of evaporating liquor. - Google Patents

Process of evaporating liquor. Download PDF

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US743352A
US743352A US14716503A US1903147165A US743352A US 743352 A US743352 A US 743352A US 14716503 A US14716503 A US 14716503A US 1903147165 A US1903147165 A US 1903147165A US 743352 A US743352 A US 743352A
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liquor
crystals
circulation
pan
maintaining
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US14716503A
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Edward N Trump
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
    • B01J2/02—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by dividing the liquid material into drops, e.g. by spraying, and solidifying the drops
    • B01J2/04—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by dividing the liquid material into drops, e.g. by spraying, and solidifying the drops in a gaseous medium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D9/00—Crystallisation
    • B01D9/0004—Crystallisation cooling by heat exchange
    • B01D9/0013—Crystallisation cooling by heat exchange by indirect heat exchange
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S159/00—Concentrating evaporators
    • Y10S159/38—Seed

Definitions

  • PATENTED NOV. a 1903.
  • My invention relates to improvements in the process of evaporating liquors, and is especially useful in connection with the evaporation of liquors in which crystals form.
  • the object of my new process is to enable liquor to be evaporated under vacuum-pressure, but so that the crystals which form insuch liquor shall not be allowed to settle and become caked.
  • I accomplish this object by maintaining a circulation of that portion of the liquor only which is richest in crystalsthat is, the portion of the liquor which has been subject to the evaporating operationandI maintain this circulation in such a manner that the richer or crystal-bearing liquor is circulated from and back to the'vacuumpan Without being dissipated through the poorer or unevaporated liquor.
  • FIG. 1 is an elevation of my device with a part of the pan broken away to show the interior arrangement.
  • Fig. 2 is a plan view of the under side of the pump and grinder, and
  • Fig. 3 is a vertical section on line 3 3 of Fig. 2.
  • the vacuum-pan 1, connected with condenser 18 and suitable air-exhaust means and provided with steam-heating pipes 2, maybe of any form usually employed for evaporation of liquors and the production of crystals. Steam is introduced into the pipes 2 for the purpose of raising the temperature of the solution to induce evaporation, the water evaporated passing over tothe condenser while crystals form and drop through the liq uor into the bottom of the pan 1.
  • the receiver 3 Communicating with the bottom of the'pan 1 is the receiver 3.
  • the opening between said receiver 3 and pan 1 is controlled by the valve 4, which is operated by valve-wheel 5.
  • This valve is adapted when desired to close com munication between vacuum-pan 1 and receiver 3.
  • the valve 4: is kept open, and the crystals descending by their superior specific gravity into said receiver 3 would soon fill it and the pipe leading therefrom to the grinder 6 and pump 7 (displacing a large amount of the liquor which rises into the vacuum-pan above) and, if undisturbed, would soon become hard and could only withdilficulty be drawn off at the bottom.
  • a circulatory system is provided, as follows: A' pipe During the operation of the device leading from the bottom of the receiver 3 conmeets the receiver with the centrifugal pump 7, which discharges into thepipe 8, which extends upwardly to a distance considerably above the level of the liquor in the vacuumpan, where it discharges into the chamber 16--that is, the solution overflows at the top of pipe 8 into said chamber 16 and falls down pipe 19 and enters the bottom of the vacuumpan 2 through valve 15.
  • valves 20 and 15 are opened and 21 is closed, the liquor will be carried from the bottom of the receiver through the pump 7, piping 8, chamber 16, and piping 19 back to the bottom of the vacuum-pan.
  • pipe 8 extends upwardly to a considerable distance above the level of the solution in the pan and empties into the upper part of the chamber 16, through which the solution falls into pipe 19 and is finally conducted through cock or valve to the vacuumpan.
  • the solution stands in pipe 19at the same level as it stands in the vacuum-pan 2.
  • the pipe 8 should be of a sufficient height so that if there is a vacuum in the pan, and therefore in the chamber 16, of, say, twenty-six inches of mercury the weight of the column of liquor in 8 shall equal this vacuum or it shall be sufficient to balance the suction of the pan, so that at a point above valve 10 the pressure of the column in the pipe 8 will be at least equal to atmospheric pressure. With these conditions existing during the circulation, if valve 10 is open the liquor furnished by the pump will flow through it, liquor will cause overflowing at the top of pipe 8 into chamber 16, falling to a point which will just balance the vacuum.
  • the advantage of the arrangement is that any portion of the liquor may be withdrawn through valve 10 without allowing any air to enter the panthat is, without danger of air being sucked back through valve 10 into the vacuum-pan and without decreasing the amount of circulation through the pump and without increasing the pressure of the pump.
  • By closing valve 10 and opening valve 21 the circulation may be maintained Without going through 16.
  • the liquor would normally stand at the same level in pipes 8 and 19 as the level of the liquor in pan 2.
  • the pump merely has to lift the column of liquor in pipe 8 the distance between the level of the liquor in the pan and the point of overflow of pipe 8 into chamber 16.
  • the purpose of the pump is to establish and maintain the circulation of the crystal-bearing liquor, and thus prevent the clogging of the pipes, which is one of the greatest difficulties experienced in extracting crystals from a pan of this character.
  • the grinder 6 is provided upon the intake side of the pump to protect the same by pulverizing large crystals and by crushing the scale which is apt to form on the tubes of the pan to prevent the same from clogging in the pump or the exit.
  • the pipe 14 connects the reservoir 13, which receives the liquor flowing from the centrifugals 12, with the bottom of the vacuumpan, so that said liquor may be drawn back into the pan upon the opening of valve 25 by the suction of said pan.
  • Fresh solution for evaporation may also be supplied to reservoir 13 and delivered to the pan in the same manner.
  • I am able to evaporate liquor under vacuum-pressure and to maintain a circulation of the crystals which form in the richer portion of said liquor by suspending said crystals in a minimum quantity of said richer liquor and circulating it past a valve-controlled exit-point.
  • I am thus enabled to maintain the evaporating process and arbitrarily withdraw from time to time the crystals without interfering with said continuous process of evaporation.
  • I am also enabled to withdraw the crystals with a minimum amount of liquor, whereas if the crystals were drawn directly from the pan without a circulation we should have clogging at one time and an excess of liquor at another time.
  • the step which consists in maintaining a circulation from and back to the richer portion of the bulk of'liquor under treatment.
  • the process of procuring crystals from liquor which consists in heating the liquor, collecting the crystals in one portion of the bulk of liquor,maintainin g a circulation of the crystal-bearing liquor, controlling the size of the crystals being circulated, and separating the crystals from the liquor.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)

Description

PATENTED NOV. a, 1903.
E. N. TRUMP.
PROCESS OF-EVAPORAI'ING LIQUOR.
0 MODEL. I
APPLICATION FILED MAR. 10, 1903.
lb n
ivo. 743,352.
UNITED STATEs Patented November 3, 190a;
EDWARD N. TRUMP, or SYRACUSE, New roan] PROCESS OF EVAPORATING LIQUOR.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 743,352, dated November 3, 1903.
Application filed March 10, 1903. Serial No. 147.165. (No specimens.)
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, EDWARD N. TRUMP, a citizen of the United States, residing at Syracuse, in the county of Onondaga and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Process of Evaporating Liquor, of which the following is a specification.
My invention relates to improvements in the process of evaporating liquors, and is especially useful in connection with the evaporation of liquors in which crystals form.
The object of my new process is to enable liquor to be evaporated under vacuum-pressure, but so that the crystals which form insuch liquor shall not be allowed to settle and become caked. I accomplish this object by maintaining a circulation of that portion of the liquor only which is richest in crystalsthat is, the portion of the liquor which has been subject to the evaporating operationandI maintain this circulation in such a manner that the richer or crystal-bearing liquor is circulated from and back to the'vacuumpan Without being dissipated through the poorer or unevaporated liquor. I maintain this circulation in such a way that the crystals will be barely suspended in a minimum quantity of liquor-that is, a quantity of liquor barely sufficient to support or make possible the circulation. I maintain this circulation from the pan back to the pan past a valve-controlled exit, so that the crystals may be withdrawn from time to time Without interfering with the evaporating process that is, so that the evaporating and circulating process is a continuous one and is not interfered with by the intermittent or arbitrary withdrawalfrom time to time of crystal-bearing liquor.
This process may be accomplished in connection with an apparatus, for example, such as is made the subject of a separate application having Serial No. 50,932, filed March 13, 1901, and is shown in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is an elevation of my device with a part of the pan broken away to show the interior arrangement. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the under side of the pump and grinder, and Fig. 3 is a vertical section on line 3 3 of Fig. 2.
Similar numerals refer to similar parts throughout the several views.
The vacuum-pan 1, connected with condenser 18 and suitable air-exhaust means and provided with steam-heating pipes 2, maybe of any form usually employed for evaporation of liquors and the production of crystals. Steam is introduced into the pipes 2 for the purpose of raising the temperature of the solution to induce evaporation, the water evaporated passing over tothe condenser while crystals form and drop through the liq= uor into the bottom of the pan 1.
Communicating with the bottom of the'pan 1 is the receiver 3. The opening between said receiver 3 and pan 1 is controlled by the valve 4, which is operated by valve-wheel 5. This valve is adapted when desired to close com munication between vacuum-pan 1 and receiver 3. the valve 4: is kept open, and the crystals descending by their superior specific gravity into said receiver 3 would soon fill it and the pipe leading therefrom to the grinder 6 and pump 7 (displacing a large amount of the liquor which rises into the vacuum-pan above) and, if undisturbed, would soon become hard and could only withdilficulty be drawn off at the bottom. To prevent the undue accumulation of crystals in the receiver 3, a circulatory system is provided, as follows: A' pipe During the operation of the device leading from the bottom of the receiver 3 conmeets the receiver with the centrifugal pump 7, which discharges into thepipe 8, which extends upwardly to a distance considerably above the level of the liquor in the vacuumpan, where it discharges into the chamber 16--that is, the solution overflows at the top of pipe 8 into said chamber 16 and falls down pipe 19 and enters the bottom of the vacuumpan 2 through valve 15. When valves 20 and 15 are opened and 21 is closed, the liquor will be carried from the bottom of the receiver through the pump 7, piping 8, chamber 16, and piping 19 back to the bottom of the vacuum-pan. In this way a continuous circulation is maintained, which keeps the crystals in a state of suspension in a comparatively small quantity of liquor and prevents clogging of any of the pipes. As the crystals accumulate the solution becomes heavier and heavier, until it becomes desirable to draw it ofi into centrifugals or other suitable form of drier fol-extraction of theliquor from the crystals. For this purpose an exit is provided, as at 10, which is adapted when open to permit the flow of the solution through pipe 9to the centrifugals 12.
As before stated, pipe 8 extends upwardly to a considerable distance above the level of the solution in the pan and empties into the upper part of the chamber 16, through which the solution falls into pipe 19 and is finally conducted through cock or valve to the vacuumpan. As a matter of fact, the solution stands in pipe 19at the same level as it stands in the vacuum-pan 2. The pipe 17, connecting the top of the chamber 16 with the vacuum-pan, maintains in said chamber the same vacuumpressure as exists in the pan. Thus it will be seen that the chamber 16 permits the liquor which circulates through pipe 8 overflowing at the top to descend pipe 19 to the level of the liquor in the pan without creating any increased suction on the column of liquor in pipe 8. The pipe 8 should be of a sufficient height so that if there is a vacuum in the pan, and therefore in the chamber 16, of, say, twenty-six inches of mercury the weight of the column of liquor in 8 shall equal this vacuum or it shall be sufficient to balance the suction of the pan, so that at a point above valve 10 the pressure of the column in the pipe 8 will be at least equal to atmospheric pressure. With these conditions existing during the circulation, if valve 10 is open the liquor furnished by the pump will flow through it, liquor will cause overflowing at the top of pipe 8 into chamber 16, falling to a point which will just balance the vacuum. The advantage of the arrangement is that any portion of the liquor may be withdrawn through valve 10 without allowing any air to enter the panthat is, without danger of air being sucked back through valve 10 into the vacuum-pan and without decreasing the amount of circulation through the pump and without increasing the pressure of the pump. By closing valve 10 and opening valve 21 the circulation may be maintained Without going through 16. It the pump were not running, the liquor would normally stand at the same level in pipes 8 and 19 as the level of the liquor in pan 2. It is therefore obvious that the pump merely has to lift the column of liquor in pipe 8 the distance between the level of the liquor in the pan and the point of overflow of pipe 8 into chamber 16. As already stated, the purpose of the pump is to establish and maintain the circulation of the crystal-bearing liquor, and thus prevent the clogging of the pipes, which is one of the greatest difficulties experienced in extracting crystals from a pan of this character.
The grinder 6 is provided upon the intake side of the pump to protect the same by pulverizing large crystals and by crushing the scale which is apt to form on the tubes of the pan to prevent the same from clogging in the pump or the exit.
The pipe 14 connects the reservoir 13, which receives the liquor flowing from the centrifugals 12, with the bottom of the vacuumpan, so that said liquor may be drawn back into the pan upon the opening of valve 25 by the suction of said pan. Fresh solution for evaporation may also be supplied to reservoir 13 and delivered to the pan in the same manner.
By the means above described I am able to evaporate liquor under vacuum-pressure and to maintain a circulation of the crystals which form in the richer portion of said liquor by suspending said crystals in a minimum quantity of said richer liquor and circulating it past a valve-controlled exit-point. I am thus enabled to maintain the evaporating process and arbitrarily withdraw from time to time the crystals without interfering with said continuous process of evaporation. I am also enabled to withdraw the crystals with a minimum amount of liquor, whereas if the crystals were drawn directly from the pan without a circulation we should have clogging at one time and an excess of liquor at another time.
What I claim is- 1. As an improvement in the art of evaporating liquor, the step which consists in maintaining a circulation of the richer portion of the liquor.
2. As an improvement in the art of evaporating liquor, the step which consists in maintaining a circulation from and back to the richer portion of the bulk of'liquor under treatment.
3. The process of evaporating liquor which consists in heating the liquor and maintaining a circulation of the richer portion thereof.
4. The process of evaporating liquor which consists in heating the liquor and maintaining a circulation from and back to the richer portion of the bulk of liquor being treated.
5. The process of evaporating liquor which consists in heating the liquor and maintaining a circulation from and back to the richer portion of the bulk of liquor being treated, and subjecting the liquor in circulation to the same pressure as that exerted on the bulk of liquor.
6. The process of evaporating liquor which consists in heating the liquor and maintaining a circulation from and back to the lower portion of the bulk of liquor being treated.
7. The process of evaporating liquor which consists in heating the liquor, maintaining a circulation from and back to the lower portion of the bulk of liquor being treated, and maintaining the same pressure on the circulating portion of the liquor as is maintained on the bulk.
8. The process of procuring crystals from liquor which consists in heating the liquor, collecting the crystals in one portion of the bulk of liquor and maintaining a circulation of the crystal-bearing liquor.
9. The process of procuring crystals from liquor'which consists in heating the liquor, collecting the crystals in one portion of the bulk of liquor, maintaining a circulation of the crystal-bearing liquor, and controlling the size of the crystals being circulated.
10. The process of procuring crystals from liquor which consists in heating the liquor,
collecting the crystals in one portion of the bulk of liquor, maintaining a circulation of the crystal-bearin g liquor, and separating the crystals therefrom.
11. The process of procuring crystals from liquor which consists in heating the liquor, collecting the crystals in one portion of the bulk of liquor, maintaining a circulation of the crystal-bearing liquor, withdrawing the crystal-bearing liquor and separating the crystals therefrom.
12. The process of procuring crystals from liquor which consists in heating the liquor, collecting the crystals in one portion of the bulk of liquor,maintainin g a circulation of the crystal-bearing liquor, controlling the size of the crystals being circulated, and separating the crystals from the liquor.
13. The process of procuring crystals from liquor which consists in heating the liquor, collecting the crystals in one portion of the bulk of liquor, maintaining a circulation of the crystal-bearing liquor, controlling the size of the crystals being circulated, withdrawing the crystalbearing liquor and separating the crystals therefrom.
14. The process of evaporating liquor which consists in heating the liquor, reducing the pressure thereon and maintaining a circulation of the richer portion thereof.
15. The process of evaporating liquor which consists in heating the liquor, reducing the pressure thereon and maintaining a circulation from and back to the richer portion of the bulk of liquor being treated.
16. The process of evaporatingliquor which consists in heating the liquor, reducing the pressure thereon and maintaining a circulation from and back to the richer portion of the bulk of liquor being treated, and subjecting the liquor-in circulation to the same pressure as that exerted on the bulk of liquor.
17. The process of evaporating liquor which consists in heating the liquor, reducing the pressure thereon, and maintaining acirculation from and back to the lower portion of the bulk of liquor being treated.
18. The process of evaporating liquor which consists in heating the liquor, reducing the pressure thereon, maintaining a circulation.
from and back to the lower portion of the bulk of liquor being treated, and maintaining the same pressure on the circulating portion of the liquor as is maintained on the bulk.
19. The process of procuring crystals from liquor which consists in heating the liquor, reducing the pressure on the liquor, collecting the crystals in one portion of the bulk of liquor and maintaining a circulation of the crystal-bearing liquor.
20. The process of procuring crystals from liquor which consists in heating the liquor, reducing the pressure on the liquor collecting the crystals in one portion of the bulk of liquor and maintaining a circulation of the crystal-bearing liquor and controlling the size of the crystals being circulated.
21. The process of procuring crystals from liquor which consists in heating the liquor, reducing the pressure on the liquor, collecting the crystals in one portion of the bulk of liquor and maintaining acirculation of the crystal-bearing liquor, and separating the crystals therefrom.
22. The process of procuring crystals from liquor which consists in heating the liquor, reducing the pressure on the liquor, collecting the crystals in one portion of the bulk of liquor, maintaining a circulation of the crystalbearing liquor, withdrawing the crystal-bearing liquor and separating the crystals therefrom.
23. The process of procuring crystals from liquor which consists in heating the liquor, reducing the pressure on the liquor collecting the crystals in one portion of the bulk of liquor, maintaining a circulation of the crystalbearing liquor controlling the size of the crys tals being circulated and separating the crystals from the liquor.
24. The process of procuring crystals from liquor which consists in heating the liquor, reducing the pressure on the liquor collecting the crystals in one portion of the bulk of liquor, maintaining a circulation of the crystalbearing liquor, controlling the size of the crystals being circulated, withdrawing the crystal-bearin g liquor and separating the crystals therefrom.
EDWARD N. TRUMP.
Witnesses:
H. C. EHLE, W. M. HALL.
US14716503A 1903-03-10 1903-03-10 Process of evaporating liquor. Expired - Lifetime US743352A (en)

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2538113A (en) * 1948-03-22 1951-01-16 Goslin Birmingham Mfg Company Dump bottom for calandria vacuum pans
US2555340A (en) * 1945-06-18 1951-06-05 Int Salt Co Method and apparatus for refining salt or other soluble substances
US2671716A (en) * 1949-11-10 1954-03-09 Phillips Petroleum Co Process for the operation of an evaporative crystallization apparatus
US2698225A (en) * 1951-02-10 1954-12-28 Svanoe Hans Sulfite waste disposal
US2787521A (en) * 1951-06-02 1957-04-02 Chemical Construction Corp Method of continuously conducting a liquid-gas exothermic reaction
US2979442A (en) * 1957-06-28 1961-04-11 Walter L Badger Process for the prevention of scale in sea water evaporators
US3026261A (en) * 1957-12-12 1962-03-20 Texas Gulf Sulphur Co Method and apparatus for treating sea water to remove objectionable hardness
US3503803A (en) * 1968-03-22 1970-03-31 Whiting Corp Continuous production of crystalline sucrose
US3518061A (en) * 1966-03-29 1970-06-30 Francois Laurenty Installations for crystallization of a substance in solution,especially anhydrous sodium sulfate

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2555340A (en) * 1945-06-18 1951-06-05 Int Salt Co Method and apparatus for refining salt or other soluble substances
US2538113A (en) * 1948-03-22 1951-01-16 Goslin Birmingham Mfg Company Dump bottom for calandria vacuum pans
US2671716A (en) * 1949-11-10 1954-03-09 Phillips Petroleum Co Process for the operation of an evaporative crystallization apparatus
US2698225A (en) * 1951-02-10 1954-12-28 Svanoe Hans Sulfite waste disposal
US2787521A (en) * 1951-06-02 1957-04-02 Chemical Construction Corp Method of continuously conducting a liquid-gas exothermic reaction
US2979442A (en) * 1957-06-28 1961-04-11 Walter L Badger Process for the prevention of scale in sea water evaporators
US3026261A (en) * 1957-12-12 1962-03-20 Texas Gulf Sulphur Co Method and apparatus for treating sea water to remove objectionable hardness
US3518061A (en) * 1966-03-29 1970-06-30 Francois Laurenty Installations for crystallization of a substance in solution,especially anhydrous sodium sulfate
US3503803A (en) * 1968-03-22 1970-03-31 Whiting Corp Continuous production of crystalline sucrose

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