Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
  • C07D409/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
  • A61P1/04—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for ulcers, gastritis or reflux esophagitis, e.g. antacids, inhibitors of acid secretion, mucosal protectants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
  • A61P1/16—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for liver or gallbladder disorders, e.g. hepatoprotective agents, cholagogues, litholytics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
  • A61P11/06—Antiasthmatics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
  • A61P13/12—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the kidneys
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
  • A61P17/04—Antipruritics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
  • A61P17/06—Antipsoriatics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
  • A61P17/10—Anti-acne agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
  • A61P17/14—Drugs for dermatological disorders for baldness or alopecia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P21/00—Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/18—Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/20—Hypnotics; Sedatives
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/22—Anxiolytics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/24—Antidepressants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/30—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abuse or dependence
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
  • A61P27/16—Otologicals
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/06—Antihyperlipidemics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/12—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for electrolyte homeostasis
  • A61P3/14—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for electrolyte homeostasis for calcium homeostasis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
  • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
  • A61P31/18—Antivirals for RNA viruses for HIV
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
  • A61P35/02—Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
  • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
  • A61P37/08—Antiallergic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D231/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings
  • C07D231/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
  • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D403/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
  • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D403/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
  • C07D409/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond

Definitions

• Intracellular receptors are a class of structurally related proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression.
• the steroid hormone receptors are a subset of this superfamily whose natural ligands are typically comprised of endogenous steroids such as estradiol, progesterone, and cortisol.
• Man-made ligands to these receptors play an important role in human health and, of these receptors, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) has an essential role in regulating human physiology and immune response.
• GR glucocorticoid receptor
• Steroids that interact with the glucocorticoid receptor have been shown to be potent anti-inflammatory agents, although cross-reactivity with other steroid hormone receptors such as the mineralocorticoid, progesterone and androgen receptors can lead to problematic ancillary pharmacology.
• the dissociation of transactivation from transrepression at the glucocorticoid receptor is believed to be an approach toward improving the side-effect profile related to steroid therapy.
• the beneficial anti-inflammatory activity of GR modulators, such as steroids is believed to occur through the transrepression of genes encoding for proinflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules and enzymes. Many of the undesireable side-effects associated with such agents are believed to occur through the transactivation, or induction, of gene transcription leading to the downstream perturbation of homeostatic endocrine function.
• Some of these affected metabolic processes include induced gluconeogenesis, induced amino acid degradation, osteoporosis, suppression of HPA axis, induction of secondary adrenal suppression, changes in electrolyte concentration, changes in lipid metabolism, growth retardation, impaired wound healing and skin thinning.
• Weak, partial and full agonism of GR related to transrepression and transactivation, including potential antagonism of the receptor regarding transactivation may be applied to the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and asthma.
• inflammatory and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and asthma.
• the present invention encompasses compounds of Formula I:
• compositions and methods of use are also included.
• the present invention encompasses a compound represented by Formula I:
• R 10 in Formula I may or may not be present. When present, one or two R 10 groups may occupy the following positions:
• Two R 10 groups may reside on the same carbon atom.
• R 9 in Formula I may or may not be present. When present, one, two or three R 9 groups may occupy the following positions:
• Two R 9 groups may reside on the same carbon atom.
• Another embodiment of the invention encompasses a compound of Formula I wherein the optional double bond shown in ring A of the compound of Formula I is present.
• Another embodiment of the invention encompasses a compound of Formula I wherein X is —OR a .
• Another embodiment of the invention encompasses a compound of Formula I wherein X is —N(R b )—Y—R c , wherein Y is selected from —C(O)—, —C(O)—O—, wherein the point of attachment of the “—O—” group is to R c forming an alkoxy moiety, —S(O) 2 — and —C(O)—N(R 12 )—, wherein the point of attachment of the nitrogen group is to R c .
• Another embodiment of the invention encompasses a compound of Formula I wherein X is —S(O) j -R d .
• Another embodiment of the invention encompasses a compound of Formula I wherein n is 0 and the optional double bonds shown in ring B are not present.
• R c is phenyl, optionally substituted with 1 to 5 groups independently selected from fluoro, chloro and trifluoromethyl.
• Another embodiment of the invention encompasses a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formula I in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• Another embodiment of the invention encompasses a method for treating a glucocorticoid receptor mediated disease or condition in a mammalian patient in need of such treatment comprising administering the patient a compound of Formula I in an amount that is effective for treating the glucocorticoid receptor mediated disease or condition.
• the glucocorticoid receptor mediated disease or condition is selected from the group consisting of: tissue rejection, leukemias, lymphomas, Cushing's syndrome, acute adrenal insufficiency, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, rheumatic fever, polyarteritis nodosa, granulomatous polyarteritis, inhibition of myeloid cell lines, immune proliferation/apoptosis, HPA axis suppression and regulation, hypercortisolemia, stroke and spinal cord injury, hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia, acute adrenal insufficiency, chronic primary adrenal insufficiency, secondary adrenal insufficiency, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, cerebral edema, thrombocytopenia, Little's syndrome, obesity, metabolic syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, polyartitis nodosa, Wegener's granulomatosis, giant cell arteritis,
• Another embodiment of the invention encompasses a method of selectively modulating the transactivation, transrepression, agonism and antagonism effects of the glucocorticoid receptor in a mammal comprising administering to the mammal a compound of Formula I in an amount that is effective to modulate the glucocorticoid receptor.
• halogen or “halo” includes F, Cl, Br, and I.
• alkyl means linear or branched structures and combinations thereof, having the indicated number of carbon atoms.
• C 1-6 alkyl includes methyl, ethyl, propyl, 2-propyl, s- and t-butyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, 1,1-dimethylethyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.
• alkoxy means alkoxy groups of a straight, branched or cyclic configuration having the indicated number of carbon atoms.
• C 1-6 alkoxy for example, includes methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, and the like.
• alkylthio means alkylthio groups having the indicated number of carbon atoms of a straight, branched or cyclic configuration.
• C 1-6 alkylthio for example, includes methylthio, propylthio, isopropylthio, and the like.
• alkenyl means linear or branched structures and combinations thereof, of the indicated number of carbon atoms, having at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond, wherein hydrogen may be replaced by an additional carbon-to-carbon double bond.
• C 2-6 alkenyl for example, includes ethenyl, propenyl, 1-methylethenyl, butenyl and the like.
• alkynyl means linear or branched structures and combinations thereof, of the indicated number of carbon atoms, having at least one carbon-to-carbon triple bond.
• C 3-6 alkynyl for example, includes, propenyl, 1-methylethenyl, butenyl and the like.
• cycloalkyl means mono-, bi- or tri-cyclic structures, optionally combined with linear or branched structures, the indicated number of carbon atoms.
• Examples of cycloalkyl groups include cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cycloheptyl, adamantyl, cyclododecylmethyl, 2-ethyl-1-bicyclo[4.4.0]decyl, and the like.
• aryl is defined as a mono- or bi-cyclic aromatic ring system and includes, for example, phenyl, naphthyl, and the like.
• aralkyl means an alkyl group as defined above of 1 to 6 carbon atoms with an aryl group as defined above substituted for one of the alkyl hydrogen atoms, for example, benzyl and the like.
• alkenyl means an alkenyl group as defined above of 2 to 6 carbon atoms with an aryl group as defined above substituted for one of the alkenyl hydrogen atoms, for example, phenethenyl and the like.
• aralkynyl means an alkynyl group as defined above of 2 to 6 carbon atoms with an aryl group as defined above substituted for one of the alkynyl hydrogen atoms, for example, phenethynyl and the like.
• aryloxy means an aryl group as defined above attached to a molecule by an oxygen atom (aryl-O) and includes, for example, phenoxy, naphthoxy and the like.
• aralkoxy means an aralkyl group as defined above attached to a molecule by an oxygen atom (aralkyl-O) and includes, for example, benzyloxy, and the like.
• arylthio is defined as an aryl group as defined above attached to a molecule by an sulfur atom (aryl-S) and includes, for example, thiophenyoxy, thionaphthoxy and the like.
• aroyl means an aryl group as defined above attached to a molecule by an carbonyl group (aryl-C(O)—) and includes, for example, benzoyl, naphthoyl and the like.
• aroyloxy means an aroyl group as defined above attached to a molecule by an oxygen atom (aroyl-O) and includes, for example, benzoyloxy or benzoxy, naphthoyloxy and the like.
• each reference to a group is independent of all other references to the same group when referred to in the Specification.
• R 1 and R 2 are aryl
• the definitions of aryl are independent of each other and R 1 and R 2 may be different aryl groups, for example phenyl and naphthyl.
• arylsulfonylalkyl means aryl as defined above linked to a sulfonyl group linked to an alkyl group as defined above of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as phenylsulfonylmethyl and the like.
• treating encompasses not only treating a patient to relieve the patient of the signs and symptoms of the disease or condition but also prophylactically treating an asymptomatic patient to prevent the onset of the disease or condition or preventing, slowing or reversing the progression of the disease or condition.
• amount effective for treating is intended to mean that amount of a drug or pharmaceutical agent that will elicit the biological or medical response of a tissue, a system, animal or human that is being sought by a researcher, veterinarian, medical doctor or other clinician.
• the term also encompasses the amount of a pharmaceutical drug that will prevent or reduce the risk of occurrence of the biological or medical event that is sought to be prevented in a tissue, a system, animal or human by a researcher, veterinarian, medical doctor or other clinician.
• Some of the compounds described herein contain one or more asymmetric centers and may thus give rise to diastereomers and optical isomers.
• the present invention is meant to comprehend such possible diastereomers as well as their racemic and resolved, enantiomerically pure forms and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
• compositions of the present invention comprise a compound of Formula I as an active ingredient or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, thereof, and may also contain a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and optionally other therapeutic ingredients.
• pharmaceutically acceptable salts refers to salts prepared from pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic bases including inorganic bases and organic bases. Salts derived from inorganic bases include aluminum, ammonium, calcium, copper, ferric, ferrous, lithium, magnesium, manganic salts, manganous, potassium, sodium, zinc, and the like. Particularly preferred are the ammonium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium salts.
• Salts derived from pharmaceutically acceptable organic non-toxic bases include salts of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, substituted amines including naturally occurring substituted amines, cyclic amines, and basic ion exchange resins, such as arginine, betaine, caffeine, choline, N,N′-dibenzylethylenediamine, diethylamine, 2-diethylaminoethanol, 2-dimethylaminoethanol, ethanolamine, ethylenediamine, N-ethyl-morpholine, N-ethylpiperidine, glucamine, glucosamine, histidine, hydrabamine, isopropylamine, lysine, methylglucamine, morpholine, piperazine, piperidine, polyamine resins, procaine, purines, theobromine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tripropylamine, tromethamine, and the like.
• basic ion exchange resins such as
• salts may be prepared from pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic acids, including inorganic and organic acids.
• acids include acetic, benzenesulfonic, benzoic, camphorsulfonic, citric, ethanesulfonic, fumaric, gluconic, glutamic, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, isethionic, lactic, maleic, malic, mandelic, methanesulfonic, mucic, nitric, pamoic, pantothenic, phosphoric, succinic, sulfuric, tartaric, paratoluenesulfonic acid, and the like.
• Particularly preferred are citric, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, maleic, phosphoric, sulfuric, and tartaric acids.
• prophylactic or therapeutic dose of a compound of Formula I will, of course, vary with the nature and the severity of the condition to be treated and with the particular compound of Formula I and its route of administration. It will also vary according to a variety of factors including the age, weight, general health, sex, diet, time of administration, rate of excretion, drug combination and response of the individual patient. In general, the daily dose from about 0.001 mg to about 100 mg per kg body weight of a mammal, preferably 0.01 mg to about 10 mg per kg. On the other hand, it may be necessary to use dosages outside these limits in some cases.
• the amount of active ingredient that may be combined with the carrier materials to produce a single dosage form will vary depending upon the host treated and the particular mode of administration.
• a formulation intended for oral administration to humans may contain from about 0.5 mg to about 5 g of active agent compounded with an appropriate and convenient amount of carrier material which may vary from about 5 to about 95 percent of the total composition.
• Dosage unit forms will generally contain from about 1 mg to about 2 g of an active ingredient, typically 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg, 500 mg, 600 mg, 800 mg, or 1000 mg.
• the “effective amount” for treatment refers to an optimal amount of drug or pharmaceutical agent which elicits the greatest index between desireable pharmacology and undesireable side-effects.
• the compound of Formula I may be administered orally, topically, parenterally, by inhalation spray or rectally in dosage unit formulations containing conventional non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants and vehicles.
• parenteral as used herein includes subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intrasternal injection or infusion techniques.
• the compound of the invention is effective in the treatment of humans.
• compositions containing the active ingredient may be in a form suitable for oral use, for example, as tablets, troches, lozenges, solutions, aqueous or oily suspensions, dispersible powders or granules, emulsions, hard or soft capsules, syrups or elixirs.
• Compositions intended for oral use may be prepared according to any method known to the art for the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions and such compositions may contain one or more agents selected from the group consisting of sweetening agents, flavouring agents, colouring agents and preserving agents in order to provide pharmaceutically elegant and palatable preparations. Tablets contain the active ingredient in admixture with non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable excipients which are suitable for the manufacture of tablets.
• excipients may be for example, inert diluents, such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, lactose, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate; granulating and disintegrating agents, for example, corn starch, or alginic acid; binding agents, for example starch, gelatin or acacia, and lubricating agents, for example, magnesium stearate, stearic acid or talc.
• the tablets may be uncoated or they may be coated by known techniques to delay disintegration and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby provide a sustained action over a longer period.
• a time delay material such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate may be employed. They may also be coated by the technique described in the U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,256,108; 4,166,452; and 4,265,874 to form osmotic therapeutic tablets for control release.
• Formulations for oral use may also be presented as hard gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with an inert solid diluent, for example, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin, or as soft gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredients is mixed with water-miscible solvents such as propylene glycol, PEGs and ethanol, or an oil medium, for example peanut oil, liquid paraffin, or olive oil.
• an inert solid diluent for example, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin
• water-miscible solvents such as propylene glycol, PEGs and ethanol
• an oil medium for example peanut oil, liquid paraffin, or olive oil.
• Aqueous suspensions contain the active material in admixture with excipients suitable for the manufacture of aqueous suspensions.
• excipients are suspending agents, for example sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, sodium alginate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gum tragacanth and gum acacia; dispersing or wetting agents may be a naturally-occurring phosphatide, for example lecithin, or condensation products of an alkylene oxide with fatty acids, for example polyoxyethylene stearate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with long chain aliphatic alcohols, for example heptadecaethyleneoxycetanol, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and a hexitol such as polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, for example polyethylene sorbitan monoole
• the aqueous suspensions may also contain one or more preservatives, for example ethyl, or n-propyl, p-hydroxybenzoate, one or more colouring agents, one or more flavouring agents, and one or more sweetening agents, such as sucrose, saccharin or aspartame.
• preservatives for example ethyl, or n-propyl, p-hydroxybenzoate
• colouring agents for example ethyl, or n-propyl, p-hydroxybenzoate
• flavouring agents such as sucrose, saccharin or aspartame.
• sweetening agents such as sucrose, saccharin or aspartame.
• Oily suspensions may be formulated by suspending the active ingredient in a vegetable oil, for example arachis oil, olive oil, sesame oil or coconut oil, or in mineral oil such as liquid paraffin.
• the oily suspensions may contain a thickening agent, for example beeswax, hard paraffin or cetyl alcohol. Sweetening agents such as those set forth above, and flavouring agents may be added to provide a palatable oral preparation. These compositions may be preserved by the addition of an anti-oxidant such as ascorbic acid.
• Dispersible powders and granules suitable for preparation of an aqueous suspension by the addition of water provide the active ingredient in admixture with a dispersing or wetting agent, suspending agent and one or more preservatives.
• a dispersing or wetting agent e.g., kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, kaolin, sorbitol, sorbitol, sorbitol, sorbitol, sorbitol, sorbitol, sorbitol, sorbitol, sorbitol, mannitol, mannitol, mannitol, mannitol, mannitol, mannitol, mannitol, mannitol, mannitol, mannitol,
• the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may also be in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion.
• the oily phase may be a vegetable oil, for example olive oil or arachis oil, or a mineral oil, for example liquid paraffin or mixtures of these.
• Suitable emulsifying agents may be naturally-occurring phosphatides, for example soy bean, lecithin, and esters or partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, for example sorbitan monooleate, and condensation products of the said partial esters with ethylene oxide, for example polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate.
• the emulsions may also contain sweetening and flavouring agents.
• Syrups and elixirs may be formulated with sweetening agents, for example glycerol, propylene glycol, sorbitol or sucrose. Such formulations may also contain a demulcent, a preservative and flavouring and colouring agents.
• the pharmaceutical compositions may be in the form of a sterile injectable aqueous or oleagenous suspension. This suspension may be formulated according to the known art using those suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents which have been mentioned above.
• the sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally-acceptable diluent or solvent, for example as a solution in 1,3-butane diol.
• acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution. Cosolvents such as ethanol, propylene glycol or polyethylene glycols may also be used.
• sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium. For this purpose any bland fixed oil may be employed including synthetic mono- or diglycerides.
• fatty acids such as oleic acid find use in the preparation of injectables.
• the compounds of Formula I may also be administered in the form of suppositories for rectal administration of the drug.
• These compositions can be prepared by mixing the drug with a suitable non-irritating excipient which is solid at ambient temperatures but liquid at the rectal temperature and will therefore melt in the rectum to release the drug.
• suitable non-irritating excipient which is solid at ambient temperatures but liquid at the rectal temperature and will therefore melt in the rectum to release the drug.
• Such materials are cocoa butter and polyethylene glycols.
• Topical formulations may generally be comprised of a pharmaceutical carrier, cosolvent, emulsifier, penetration enhancer, preservative system, and emollient.
• the compounds of Formula I are useful to treat, prevent or ameliorate the following diseases or conditions: inflammation, tissue rejection, auto-immunity, various malianancies, such as leukemias and lymphomas, Cushing's syndrome, acute adrenal insufficiency, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, rheumatic fever, polyarteritis nodosa, granulomatous polyarteritis, inhibition of myeloid cell lines, immune proliferation/apoptosis, HPA axis suppression and regulation, hypercortisolemia, stroke and spinal cord injury, hypercalcemia, hypergylcemia, acute adrenal insufficiency, chronic primary adrenal insufficiency, secondary adrenal insufficiency, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, cerebral edema, thrombocytopenia, Little's
• the compounds of the present invention are also useful for treating, preventing or reversing the progression of disease states involving systemic inflammation such as inflammatory bowel disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, polyartitis nodosa, Wegener's granulomatosis, giant cell arteritis, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, uveitis, hay fever, allergic rhinitis, urticaria, angioneurotic edema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, tendonitis, bursitis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, autoimmune chronic active hepatitis, organ transplantation, hepatitis, and cirrhosis.
• systemic inflammation such as inflammatory bowel disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, polyartitis nodosa, Wegener's granulomatosis, giant cell arteritis, rheumatoi
• the compounds of the present invention are useful for treating, preventing or reversing the progression of a variety of topical diseases such as inflammatory scalp alopecia, panniculitis, psoriasis, discoid lupus erythematosus, inflamed cysts, atopic dermatitis, pyoderma gangrenosum, pemphigus vulgaris, buflous pernphigoid, systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, herpes gestationis, eosinophilic fasciitis, relapsing polychondritis, inflammatory vasculitis, sarcoidosis, Sweet's disease, type I reactive leprosy, capillary hemangiomas, contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, lichen planus, exfoliative dermatitus, erythema nodosum, acne, hirsutism, toxic epidermal ne
• the compounds of the present invention are also useful in treating, preventing or reversing the progression of disease states associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), cell apoptosis, and cancer including, but not limited to, Kaposi's sarcoma, immune system activation and modulation, desensitization of inflammatory responses, IIL-I expression, natural killer cell development, lymphocytic leukemia, and treatment of retinitis pigmentosa.
• Cogitive and behavioral processes are also susceptible to glucocorticoid therapy where antagonists would potentially be useful in the treatment of processes such as cognitive performance, memory and learning enhancement, depression, addiction, mood disorders, chronic fatigue syndrome, schizophrenia, stroke, sleep disorders, and anxiety.
• the invention also encompasses a method for treating a glucocorticoid receptor mediated disease comprising concomitantly administering to a patient in need of such treatment a compound of Formula I and one or additional more agents.
• the compounds of Formula I may be combined with one or more agents selected from the group consisting of: ⁇ -agonists (e.g., salmeterol), theophylline, anticholinergics (e.g., atropine and ipratropium bromide), cromolyn, nedocromil and leukotriene modifiers (e.g., montelukast).
• the compounds of Formula I may be combined with one or the following: a salicylate, including acetylsalicylic acid, a non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug, including indomethacin, sulindac, mefenamic, meclofenamic, tolfenamic, tolmetin, ketorolac, dicofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen, fenoprofen, ketoprofen, flurbiprofin and oxaprozin, a TNF inhibitor, including etanercept and infliximab, an IL-1 receptor antagonist, including anakinra, a cytotoxic or immunosuppressive drug, including methotrexate, leflunomide, azathioprine and cyclosporine, a gold compound, hydroxychloroquine or sulfasalazine, penicillamine, darbufelone, and a p38 kinase inhibitor
• NMR data when line-listed, NMR data is in the form of delta ( ⁇ ) values for major diagnostic protons, given in parts per million (ppm) relative to tetramethylsilane (TMS) as internal standard, determined at 500 MHz or 600 MHz using the indicated solvent; conventional abbreviations used for signal shape are: s. singlet; d. doublet; t. triplet; m. multiplet; br. broad; etc.: in addition “Ar” signifies an aromatic signal;
• COMPOUND A was prepared from the known Hajos-Parrish ketone ( J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39(12), 1612-1621.) following the same reaction sequence and procedure described below for the preparation of COMPOUND B.
• COMPOUND A (1.0 g, 3.53 mmol) was dissolved in 10 mL of anhydrous THF under argon atmosphere and cooled to ⁇ 50° C. Then 4.0 equiv of phenylethynyl magnesium bromide (1M in THF, 14.12 mmol, 14 mL) was added dropwise. The resulting reaction mixture was then allowed to slowly warm to 23° C. over 6 h. The reaction was quenched with 100 mL of saturated aqueous NH 4 Cl, extracted with methylene chloride (3 ⁇ 75 mL) and the result organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure.
• the crude reaction mixture was purified by flash column chromatography (SiO 2 , EtOAc/hexanes) to give the desired product as a yellow foam.
• the product was characterized by 1 H NMR, HPLC and mass spectroscopy (m/z: 385 (M + +1)).
• EXAMPLE 1 (408 mg, 1.41 mmol) was dissolved in 10 mL EtOAc and 10% Pd/C (100 mg) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred under hydrogen atmosphere (1 atm) for 20 min before it was filtered through celite, washed with EtOAc (50 mL) and evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude reaction mixture was purified by flash column chromatography (SiO 2 , acetone/hexanes) to give the desired product as a pale yellow foam. The product was characterized by 1 H NMR, HPLC and mass spectroscopy (m/z: 389 (M + +1)).
• 2,4-Dichlorophenethyl alcohol (10 g, 52.0 mmol) was dissolved in 100 mL of methylene chloride, cooled to 0° C. under nitrogen atmosphere and 1.5 equiv of phosphorous tribromide (1M in CH 2 Cl 2 , 80 mmol, 80 mL) was added dropwise.
• the resulting reaction mixture was warmed to 23° C. and stirred for 2 h before the very slow addition of 200 mL of saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate and extraction with methylene chloride (2 ⁇ 150 mL).
• the combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure.
• the crude product was purified by a SiO 2 plug (5% EtOAc/hexanes) to yield 2,4-dichlorophenethyl bromide.
• the product was characterized by 1 H NMR and HPLC.
• COMPOUND 1 (254 mg, 1.0 mmol) was dissolved in 2 mL THF under an argon atmosphere and 1.0 equiv of magnesium turnings (24 mg, 1 mmol) was added. The resulting suspension was briefly heated then allowed to stir until all the magnesium had reacted (2 h). This 0.5M solution of 2,4-dichlorophenethyl magnesium bromide was used in the following transformation to generate EXAMPLE 3.
• COMPOUND A 100 mg, 0.336 mmol was dissolved in 2 mL of anhydrous THF under an argon atmosphere and 3.0 equiv anhydrous CeCl 3 (1.0 mmol, 246 mg) was added and the resulting suspension was placed in a sonicator at 23° C. for 30 min followed by additional stirring (1 h). This reaction mixture was then cooled to ⁇ 30° C. and 3.0 equiv of a solution of COMPOUND II (0.5 M in THF, 1.0 mmol, 2 mL) was added. The resulting reaction mixture was allowed to slowly warm to 23° C. over 15 h.
• reaction was quenched with 35 mL of IN HCl, extracted with methylene chloride (3 ⁇ 20 mL) and the result organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure.
• the crude reaction mixture was purified by flash column chromatography (SiO 2 , EtOAc/hexanes) to give the desired product as a yellow foam.
• the product was characterized by 1 H NMR, HPLC and mass spectroscopy (m/z: 457 (M + +1)).
• Lithium aluminum hydride (65 g) was suspended in dry THF (1.5 L) under a nitrogen atmosphere and this mixture was then treated with a solution of 2,4-difluorophenylacetic acid (169 g) in dry THF (1 L) over a period of 90 min at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 70 min at 0° C. and then quenched dropwise with the slow addition of 20% w/v KOH (aq) (340 mL) at 0° C.
• COMPOUND A 200 mg, 0.71 mmol was dissolved in 4 mL of anhydrous THF under argon atmosphere, cooled to ⁇ 30° C., and 5.0 equiv of a solution of COMPOUND III (0.5M in THF, 3.54 mmol, 7 mL) was added. The resulting reaction mixture was allowed to slowly warm to 23° C. over 15 h. The reaction was quenched with 50 mL of saturated aqueous NH 4 Cl, extracted with methylene chloride (3 ⁇ 30 mL) and the result organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure.
• the crude reaction mixture was purified by flash column chromatography (SiO 2 , Et 2 O/hexanes) to give the desired product as a tan foam.
• the product was characterized by 1 H NMR, HPLC and mass spectroscopy (m/z: 425 (M + +1)).
• Tributylethynyl tin (6.73 mmol, 16 mL) was dissolved in 40 mL anhydrous THF under an argon atmosphere and cooled to ⁇ 80° C. Phenyl lithium (1.8M in THF, 56.73 mmol, 32 mL) was added, and the resulting reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 5 min. Then COMPOUND A (4.0 g, 14.18 mmol) in 40 mL anhydrous THF was added dropwise, and the reaction mixture was warmed to 23° C. over 3 h.
• reaction was then quenched with 300 mL of saturated aqueous NH 4 Cl, extracted with methylene chloride (3 ⁇ 100 mL) and the resulting combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure.
• the crude reaction mixture was purified by flash column chromatography (SiO 2 , EtOAc/hexanes) to give the desired destannylated product as a white foam along with a trace of the tributylstannane product and a minor amount of recovered starting material.
• the product was characterized by 1 H NMR, HPLC and mass spectroscopy (m/z: 309 (M + +1)).
• EXAMPLE 5 (4.0 g, 13.05 mmol) was dissolved in acetone and N-bromosuccinimide (15.58 mmol, 2.8 g) and catalytic AgNO 3 (50 mg) were added. After 2.5 h, additional N-bromosuccinimide (250 mg) was added. After 1 h the reaction was complete and the reaction mixture was diluted with 300 mL H 2 O, extracted with EtOAc (3 ⁇ 100 mL) and the resulting combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude reaction mixture was purified by flash column chromatography (SiO 2 , acetone/hexanes) to give the desired product as a white solid. The product was characterized by 1 H NMR, HPLC and mass spectroscopy (m/z: 389 (M + +1)).
• EXAMPLE 6 (4.76 g, 12.33 mmol) was dissolved in 80 mL of degassed DMF under argon atmosphere and 3.0 equiv of aqueous degassed Na 2 CO 3 (2M, 37.0 mmol, 18 mL), 1.5 equiv of 3-chlorophenyl boronic acid (18.49 mmol, 3.0 g), and dichloro [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium(II) dichloromethane adduct (500 mg) were added. The resulting suspension was heated to 90° C. for 2 h, then quenched by the addition of 400 mL of H 2 O.
• EXAMPLE 7 (3.7 g, 8.88 mmol) was dissolved in 80 mL EtOAc and 10% Pd/C (600mg) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred under hydrogen atmosphere (2 atm) for 6 h before it was filtered through celite, washed with EtOAc (250 mL) and evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude reaction mixture was purified by flash column chromatography (SiO 2 , acetone/hexanes) to give the desired product as a pale yellow foam. The product was characterized by 1 H NMR, HPLC and mass spectroscopy (m/z: 423 (M + +1)).
• Benzothiophene (3.0 equiv) was dissolved in 2 mL of anhydrous THF under argon atmosphere and cooled to ⁇ 80° C. Then 3.0 equiv of n-butyl lithium (1.6 M in THF, 0.504 mmol, 0.32 mL) was added. After 15 min, COMPOUND A (50 mg, 0.168 mmol) in 1.0 mL THF was added dropwise and the resulting reaction mixture was then allowed to slowly warm to 23° C. over 6 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with 20 mL of saturated aqueous NH 4 Cl, extracted with methylene chloride (3 ⁇ 15 mL) and the organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure.
• the crude reaction mixture was purified by flash column chromatography (SiO 2 , EtOAc/hexanes) to give the desired product as a yellow foam.
• the product was characterized by 1 H NMR, HPLC and mass spectroscopy (m/z: 417 (M + +1)).
• reaction mixture was quenched with 20 mL of saturated aqueous NH 4 Cl, extracted with methylene chloride (3 ⁇ 15 mL) and the organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure.
• the crude residue was purified by flash column chromatography (SiO 2 , EtOAc/hexanes) to give the desired product as a yellow foam.
• the product was characterized by 1 H NMR, HPLC and mass spectroscopy (m/z: 417 (M + +1)).
• Methyl phenyl sulfone (3 equiv) was dissolved in 1.5 mL of anhydrous THF under an argon atmosphere and cooled to ⁇ 10° C., and 4.0 equiv of n-butyl lithium (1.5 M in THF, 0.672 mmol, 0.45 mL) was added. After 1 h at 0° C., COMPOUND A (50 mg, 0.168 mmol) in 1.0 mL THF was added dropwise and the resulting reaction mixture was then allowed to slowly warm to 23° C. over 3 h.
• reaction mixture was quenched with 20 mL of saturated aqueous NH 4 Cl, extracted with methylene chloride (3 ⁇ 15 mL) and the organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure.
• the crude residue was purified by flash column chromatography (SiO 2 , EtOAc/hexanes) to give the desired product as a yellow foam.
• the product was characterized by 1 H NMR, HPLC and mass spectroscopy (m/z: 439 (M + +1)).
• EXAMPLE 17 (14 mg, 0.039 mmol) was dissolved in 1.0 mL THF under argon atmosphere and cooled to 0° C. and 4.0 equiv of 9-BBN (0.5M in THF, 0.156 mmol, 0.312 mL) were added. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 23° C. and stir for 15 h before being quenched by the addition of 1 mL of ethanol, 0.052 mL of 6N aqueous NaOH, and 0.1 mL of 30% aqueous hydrogen peroxide.
• EXAMPLE 15 (60 mg, 0.178 mmol) was dissolved in 2.0 mL THF under argon atmosphere and cooled to ⁇ 10° C. and 2.0 equiv of methyl magnesium bromide (1.0M in THF, 0.356 mmol, 0.35 mL) was added. After 5 min, acetic anhydride (0.267 mmol, 0.25 mL) was added and the resulting reaction mixture was warmed to 65° C. for 15 h. The reaction was then quenched with 10 mL of saturated aqueous NH 4 Cl, extracted with methylene chloride (3 ⁇ 10 mL) and the organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure.
• the crude reaction mixture was purified by flash column chromatography (SiO 2 , EtOAc/hexanes) to give the desired product as a white foam.
• the product was characterized by 1 H NMR, HPLC and mass spectroscopy (m/z: 381 (M + +1)).
• EXAMPLE 90 was prepared from EXAMPLE 89 according to the above procedure described in EXAMPLE 88. The product was characterized by 1 H NMR, HPLC and mass spectroscopy (m/z: 399 (M + +1)).
• EXAMPLE 90 (25 mg, 0.059 mmol) was dissolved in 2.0 mL methylene chloride under an argon atmosphere and cooled to 0° C. Then 20 equiv of pyridine (1.18 mmol, 0.094 mL) and 3.0 equiv of Dess-Martin periodinane (0.177 mmol, 75 mg) were added, and the resulting reaction mixture was slowly warmed to 23° C. over 3 h. The reaction was quenched with 20 mL of saturated aqueous NH 4 Cl, extracted with methylene chloride (3 ⁇ 15 mL) and the organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure.
• EXAMPLE 91 (15 mg, 0.038 mmol) was dissolved in 1.0 mL MeOH under an argon atmosphere, and 10 equiv of ammonium acetate (0.38 mmol, 30 mg) and 3.0 equiv of phenyl glyoxal (0.114 mmol, 16 mg) were added. The resulting reaction mixture was heated at 65° C. for 15 h, cooled and evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was then purified by flash column chromatography (SiO 2 , ethyl ether/hexanes) to give the desired product as a yellow foam. The product was characterized by 1 H NMR, HPLC and mass spectroscopy (m/z: 511 (M + +1)).
• EXAMPLE 92 (7 mg, 0.014 mmol) was dissolved in 0.5 mL anhydrous MeOH and cooled to 0° C. and 2.0 equiv of potassium carbonate (0.027 mmol, 4.0 mg) was added. After 2 h the reaction mixture was diluted with 10 mL of water, extracted with methylene chloride (3 ⁇ 10 mL) and the organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was purified by flash column chromatography (SiO 2 , EtOAc/hexanes) to give the desired product as a yellow film. The product was characterized by 1 H NMR, HPLC and mass spectroscopy (m/z: 469 (M + +1)).
• COMPOUND A 50 mg, 0.168 mmol was dissolved in 1.0 mL THF under an argon atmosphere and (CF 3 )Si(CH 3 ) 3 [0.5 M in THF] (0.504 mmol, 1.0 mL) followed by catalytic tetrabutylammonium fluoroide [1 M in THF] (0.005 mL) were added.
• the resulting reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 15 hours before being diluted with 25 mL of aqueous 1N HCl, extracted with methylene chloride (3 ⁇ 20 mL), and the organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure.
• EXAMPLE 5 was acetylated under conditions described for EXAMPLE 89. This propargylic acetate (20 mg, 0.168 mmol) was dissolved in 0.5 mL THF under an argon atmosphere and benzylamine (0.11 mmol, 0.12 mL) followed by catalytic copper (1) chloride (3 mg) were added. The resulting reaction mixture was heated at 100° C. in a sealed tube for 2 hours before it was cooled to room temperature, diluted with 20 mL of H 2 O, extracted with methylene chloride (3 ⁇ 20 mL), and the organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure.
• EXAMPLE 8 (3.0 g, 7.10 mmol) was dissolved in 40 mL of 5:1 THF/HMPA under argon atmosphere and sodium hydride (60% in mineral oil, 28.44 mmol, 1.0 g) was added and the reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 10 min at 23° C. Allyl iodide (35.54 mmol, 3.2 mL) was then added and the reaction was heated to 100° C. for 3 h before cooling to 23° C. The reaction was then quenched by the addition of 250 mL of saturated aqueous NH 4 Cl, extracted with methylene chloride (3 ⁇ 100 mL) and the result organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure.
• sodium hydride 50% in mineral oil, 28.44 mmol, 1.0 g
• the crude reaction mixture was purified by flash column chromatography (SiO 2 , acetone/hexanes) to give the desired product as an orange foam.
• the product was characterized by 1 H NMR, HPLC and mass spectroscopy (m/z: 463 (M + +1)).
• EXAMPLE 96 (2.32 g, 5.02 mmol) was dissolved in 30 mL EtOAc and 10% Pd/C (300 mg) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred under a hydrogen atmosphere (1 atm) for 2 h before it was filtered through celite, washed with EtOAc (200 mL) and evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude reaction mixture was purified by flash column chromatography (SiO 2 , acetone/hexanes) to give the desired product as a white foam. The product was characterized by 1 H NMR, HPLC and mass spectroscopy (m/z: 465 (M + +1)).
• COMPOUND A 250 mg, 0.88 mmol was diluted into CH 2 Cl 2 (11 mL), and treated with n-propylamine hydrochloride (842 mg, 8.87 mmol), diisopropylethylamine (2.4 mL, 13.3 mmol), and followed by sodium triacetoxyborohydride (376 mg, 1.77 mmol).
• the reaction mixture was maintained at 23° C. for 15 h.
• the mixture was then partitioned between NaHCO 3(aq) and CH 2 Cl 2 , and the organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo.
• EXAMPLE 126 (2 g, 6.15 mmol) was diluted into CH 2 Cl 2 (31 mL) and treated with diisopropylethylamine (2.3 mL, 12.3 mmol), followed by 2-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl chloride (1.4 mL, 9.23 mmol). The reaction mixture was maintained at 23° C. for 2 h.
• COMPOUND A 200 mg, 0.71 mmol was diluted into pyridine (2 mL), treated with hydroxylamine hydrochloride (56 mg, 0.81 mmol), and the mixture heated at 90° C. for 2 h. The reaction mixture was then partitioned between 0.01N HCl (aq) and CH 2 Cl 2 , the organic phase dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The crude oxime intermediate was diluted into anhydrous THF (6 mL) and treated with solid lithium aluminum hydride (230 mg, 6.05 mmol). The reaction mixture was maintained at 23° C.
• EXAMPLE 128 (6 mg, 0.021 mmol) was diluted into CH 2 Cl 2 (0.5 mL), treated with 2-thiophenecarboxylic acid (8 mg, 0.064 mmol), diisopropylethylamine (0.018 mL, 0.11 mmol), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (14 mg, 0.11 mmol) and lastly BOP reagent (34 mg, 0.076 mmol). The mixture was maintained at 25° C.
• COMPOUND A 300 mg, 1.06 mmol was diluted into methanol (10 mL) and treated with sodium borohydride (40 mg, 1.06 mmol). The mixture was maintained at 23° C. for 1.5 h, then partitioned between NH 4 Cl (aq) and methylene chloride, the organic phase dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo.
• This alcohol intermediate 130 mg, 0.46 mmol was diluted into CH 2 Cl 2 (5 mL), cooled to ⁇ 20° C., treated with Et 3 N (0.092 mL, 0.64 mmol) and then methanesulfonyl chloride (0.042 mL, 0.55 mmol). The mixture was stirred at -20° C.
• EXAMPLE 210 (64 mg, 0.177 mmol) was diluted into dimethyl acetamide (18 mL) and treated with sodium azide (530 mg, 8.16 mmol) followed by water (0.20 mL). The mixture was heated in a re-sealable pressure tube at 90° C. for 14 h, cooled to 23° C., then partitioned between water and diethyl ether, the organic phase dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo (DMAC remains). The crude product was purified by preparative reverse phase HPLC (C18 SiO 2 , 0-100% acetonitrile gradient in water with 0.1% TFA eluent).
• the product azide intermediate (100 mg, 0.324 mmol) was diluted into ethyl acetate (4 mL) and treated with catalytic 10% Pd—C. The system was fitted with a balloon of hydrogen gas, and the mixture stirred under an atmosphere of H 2 at 25° C. for 30 min. The mixture was then filtered over celite, washed with EtOAc, and the filtrate concentrated in vacuo to provide the pure amine product which as characterized by 1 H NMR, HPLC and mass spectrometry (m/z: 284 (M + +1)).
• COMPOUND B was transformed into the primary amine as shown in Scheme 7. This amine (20 mg, 0.067 mmol) was then combined with 4-chloro-2-methylthiopyrimidine (0.008 mL, 0.067 mmol), K 3 PO 4 (286 mg, 1.35 mmol) and diluted into degassed toluene (0.7 mL) under an argon atmosphere. To this was added tris(dibenzylideneacetone)-dipalladium(0) (6 mg, 0.007 mmol) and (diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (7 mg, 0.014 mmol) and the resulting reaction mixture was heated to 100° C. for 15 hours.
• Example 251 (4 mg, 0.011 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (0.4 mL), treated with a solution of oxone (14 mg, 0.022 mmol) in water (0.20 mL), and the reaction mixture vigorously stirred at 23° C. for 1.5 h. The methanol was removed under reduced pressure, and the remaining aqueous was extracted with methylene chloride. The organic phase was then dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo to provide the pure product which was characterized by 1 H NMR, HPLC and mass spectrometry (m/z: 409 (M + +1)).
• glucocorticoid receptor affinity can be evaluated using the following human GR binding assay:
• cytosols were prepared from recombinant baculovirus expressed receptors. Frozen cell pellets were dounce homogenized in ice cold KPO 4 buffer (10 mM KPO 4 , 20 mM sodium molybdate, 1 mM EDTA, 5 mM DTT and complete protease inhibitor tablets from Boehringer Mannheim) with a “B” plunger. The homogenates were centrifuged at 35,000 ⁇ g for 1 h at 4° C. in a JA-20 rotor.
• the IC 50 s were determined by incubating the cytosols at a final concentration of 2.5 nM [1,2,4,6,7- 3 H] Dexamethasone in the presence of increasing concentrations (10-11 to 10-6) of cold dexamethasone or the ligands at 4° C. for 24 h. Bound and free were separated by a gel filtration assay, (Geissler et al, personal communication). Half of the reaction was added to a gel filtration plate (MILLIPORE) containing SEPHADEX® G-25 beads that was previously equilibrated with KPO4 buffer containing 1 mg/ml BSA and centrifuged at 1000 ⁇ g for 5 min. The reaction plate was centrifuged at 1000 ⁇ g for 5 min.
• MILLIPORE gel filtration plate

Landscapes

• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
• Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Neurology (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Neurosurgery (AREA)
• Hematology (AREA)
• Diabetes (AREA)
• Dermatology (AREA)
• Psychiatry (AREA)
• Obesity (AREA)
• Pulmonology (AREA)
• Immunology (AREA)
• Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
• Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
• Virology (AREA)
• Oncology (AREA)
• Rheumatology (AREA)
• Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
• Addiction (AREA)
• Endocrinology (AREA)
• Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
• AIDS & HIV (AREA)
• Anesthesiology (AREA)
• Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
• Child & Adolescent Psychology (AREA)
• Cardiology (AREA)
• Communicable Diseases (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=32927681

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (8)

Cited By (3)

Families Citing this family (14)

Citations (6)

Family Cites Families (2)

• 2004
  • 2004-02-20 DE DE602004026558T patent/DE602004026558D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2004-02-20 CA CA002516684A patent/CA2516684A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 2004-02-20 EP EP04713398A patent/EP1599201B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2004-02-20 AT AT04713398T patent/ATE464296T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2004-02-20 WO PCT/US2004/005199 patent/WO2004075840A2/fr active Application Filing
  • 2004-02-20 US US10/544,899 patent/US7411073B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2004-02-20 AU AU2004216182A patent/AU2004216182B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2004-02-20 JP JP2006503780A patent/JP4648303B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related

Patent Citations (6)

Non-Patent Citations (2)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events