US739816A - Contact-stud and fixing for use with surface-contact systems of electric traction. - Google Patents

Contact-stud and fixing for use with surface-contact systems of electric traction. Download PDF

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US739816A
US739816A US15682103A US1903156821A US739816A US 739816 A US739816 A US 739816A US 15682103 A US15682103 A US 15682103A US 1903156821 A US1903156821 A US 1903156821A US 739816 A US739816 A US 739816A
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stud
piece
contact
switch
stalk
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US15682103A
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Benjamin Harry Bedell
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60M—POWER SUPPLY LINES, AND DEVICES ALONG RAILS, FOR ELECTRICALLY- PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60M1/00—Power supply lines for contact with collector on vehicle
    • B60M1/02—Details
    • B60M1/10—Arrangements for energising and de-energising power line sections using magnetic actuation by the passing vehicle
    • B60M1/103—Arrangements for energising and de-energising power line sections using magnetic actuation by the passing vehicle by vehicle-borne magnets

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an improved construction of combined road-stud and magnetically-controlled switch-piece-and the method of bedding and iixing the saine for use in systems of electric traction in which an inclosed underground conductor supplying electrical energy is temporarily brought into electrical connection with the car traveling along the ground above it by means of a magnet carried by the car, current passing to the car through the above-mentioned switch -piece and road-stud.
  • One of the objects of the improvement is to increase the rapidity and the certainty of the movement of the switch-piece, which is sov constructed and'arranged thatit embodies a magnetic blow-out across' the switch-con tacts and precludes adhesion by resid ual magnetism.
  • Figure 1 is a vertical section through the axis of the stud, taken in a direction transverse to the line of the rails; and Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section.
  • the stalk o is composed of a number of laminated plates of iron or steel which are partially insulated from each other and rigidly united by the rivets d d. A number of the plates in the middle portion are cut short at the upper end-to receive the eye of the eyebolt c, which latter is connected to the other plates of the stalk by the pin e, Vthe ends of the plates being cut to a circular profile and making close contact with the stud-head. At the lower end also about one-half of the middle plates are out short, whereby the stalk is made fork-shaped. The two sides f f of the fork are spread a little, and brass plates g g are inserted and secured by rivets each to its adjacent portion of the fork.
  • a switchpiece h is'suspended by aspring k.
  • the switchlpiece' h also is formed of laminated steel or iron plates, which, with insulating material inserted between them, are rigidly united by rivets. Two strips of copper m mare bound around the edges of the switch-piece and fastened by serews. A slotwayn is formed in the plates which compose the switch-piece, and through it is passed a brass pin o. The reduced vends of the pin o are inserted through holes formed 'in the plates of the fork and riveted over. The enlarged'central portion of the pin forms a Vdistance-piece between the two sides of the fork and partiallycontrols and guides the movement ot the switch-piece.
  • the spring is attached to the switch-piece by means of a piece of insulating material p, a few of the middle plates of h being cut short for the insertion of 10.
  • the upper end of the spring k is attached to ⁇ one or more of the central plates of the stalk a, which are left a little longer than the others for the purpose and which have a hole bored in them.
  • Permanent electrical connection between theswitchniece h and the stalk a is established by fastening to each the ends of the flexible conductors qq.
  • the insulating material p will preclude the conveyance of the electric eurrent through the, spring k. f
  • the strength of the spring lo' is so adjusted that it is just able to'support the weight of the switch-piece in its highest position when no car-magnet is over the stud.
  • a stoneware pipe lr which forms a vertical branch of a closed horizontal stoneware conduit s, which ycontains the cable t, which is the medium for the conveyance of the electrical energy from the source, to be picked up by the traveling car through successive stud-contacts.
  • the cable is bare and is made of iron or steel wires.
  • the cable is supported in the conduit s by resting on a roller u, made ofinsulating material, which is mounted on a metal pin v, carried by the conduit.
  • The'ppin i protudes from the conduit at one end through a water-tight joint into the earth. The ends of these pins are joined together and to the rails ⁇ at intervals by strips of metal.
  • the surfaces of the insulating-rollers have very undulating profiles for the purpose of exaggerating the length of the path of leakage of electricity over the surface. Any which may leak that way will be intercepted by the pin fu and conveyed to the rail, and thus effectually shield the studs from becoming charged by leakage along the internal surface of the conduit. Under these circumstances a stud can become charged only when it is beneath a car and under its protection.
  • the movement of the switch-piece h toward the iron cable t is due to the magnetic induction in the stud-head and stalk induced by the magnet carried bythe car and transmitted to the iron of which the cable is composed.
  • the circuit of the induced magnetism which commences at the pole of the magnet just above the stud, passes through the stud-head downward along the stalk a through the switch-piece h across the air-gap to lthe cable and is completed in a very distributed manner from the cable through conduit, earth, and air to the other pole of the magnet in the car.
  • the diminution of the air-gap between the switch-piece h and the cable t will increase the conductance of the circuit or diminish its magnetic reluctance
  • the switch-piece will be attracted toward the cable.
  • the downward movement of the switch-piece h will be at first scarcely resisted by the spring c as it just balances its weight, by the extension, the upward pull of the spring will increase, but also, at a more rapid rate, will the downward attractive force.
  • the exciting cause is removed by the onward movement of the car and its magnet, the induced magnetism will die out and permit the spring, now at its maximum tensile force, to detach the switch-piece and raise it while there is still sufficient magnetic induction across the contacts to produce a blowing-out effect on sparks, which otherwise would be liable to occur.
  • the copper strips m m prevent the contact of iron with iron and facilitate detachment.
  • the conductor of the electric energy is a bare cable of iron or steel wire mounted on insulating-rollers and inclosed within a stoneware conduit, will give great facility for the insertion and removal of the conducting-cable for examination, repair, or renewal. It will also permit the cable to be moved a small distance after an interval of use and bring a fresh portion immediately below a stud at the same time a new or clean portion of the surface of the insulating-roller will be brought into contact with the cable.
  • Iplaiml For use in a system of electric traction, by which electrical energy is received by a car from a conductor contained in a closed conduit, placed underneath the track,through the medium of a succession of studs fixed in the ground, a stud, composed of magnetic material, having electrically connected therewith a switch-piece also composed of magnetic materialsuspended at the lower end of the stud, and an underlying mass of magnetic material in electric connection with a source of electricity, the switch-piece being so suspended, relatively to the stud and underlying mass, as, under magnetic induction, to approach and make contact with the latter, and to be withdrawn when magnetic induction ceases.
  • a stud composed of magnetic material formed in two parts, pivotally connected forming a T-piece having, electrically connected therewith, a switch-piece, also composed of magnetic material, suspended at the lower end of the stud.
  • a stud composed of magnetic material formed in two parts, pivotally connected forming a T-piece, the stalk of which consists of laminated plates having, electrically con- IIO nected therewith, a switch-piece, also composed of magnetic material, suspended at the lower end of the stud.
  • a stud composed of magnetic material having a head and a vertical stalk, the lower end of which is hollowed and contains, suspended by a spring within the hollow, ⁇ a switch-piece composed of magnetic material.
  • a stud composed of magnetic material, having a head and avertical stalk, the lower end of which is forkedV and contains, suspended by a spring within the fork, a switchpieoe electrically connected with the stud in an elastic manner, the switch-piece having a slotway, and the fork carrying a pin inserted through the slotway, substantially asdescribed.
  • a stud composed of magnetic material having, electrically connected therewith, a

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Elimination Of Static Electricity (AREA)

Description

PATENTE!) SEPT. 29, 1903. v
, B. H. BDELL.; ooNTAcTsT'UD AND I IXING PoR USB wrm SURPAGE connor SYSTEMS v 0F ELETRIC TRTIN.
- @grumman Hummm 12'. una.
l0 IOBEL.
IN v -e- N TOR 'l t M ATYORNw/ lafxfrmrfu) CEPT'. 29 190C.l
2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.
u, v l. Y y A 7 f .f
No. 739,816'. ,`B.H.BBDBLL.
CONTACT STUD AND FIXING Pon Usl-:- WITH SURPACECCNTACT 'SYSTEMS CB ELECTRIC TRACTICN. APPLIOATIOR IILBDQIAY 13'. 1903.
l0 MODEL.
une., g
qfn
UNITED STATES :Patent-.ed september a9, 190e.Y
PATENT OFFICE.
BENJAMIN HARRY EEDELL, OE LONDON, ENGLAND, AssIeNOE OE ONE HALE To WILLIAM eEIrEITHs, OE LONDON COUNTY, ENGLAND.
CONTACT-STUD AND FlXlNG FOR USE WITH SURFACE-CONTACT SYSTEMS 0F ELECTRIC TRACTION.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 7 $9,816, dated September 29, 1903.
Application tiled May 12, 1903.
To all whom it may concern.-
Be it known that I, BENJAMIN HARRY BE- DELL, engineer, of Nos. 41 and 42 Hamilton House, Bishopsgate Street Without, in the county of London, England, have invented an Improved Contact-Stud and Fixing for Use with Surface-Contact Systems of Electric Traction; and I do hereby declare the following Vto be a full,4 clear, and 'exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.
This invention relates to an improved construction of combined road-stud and magnetically-controlled switch-piece-and the method of bedding and iixing the saine for use in systems of electric traction in which an inclosed underground conductor supplying electrical energy is temporarily brought into electrical connection with the car traveling along the ground above it by means of a magnet carried by the car, current passing to the car through the above-mentioned switch -piece and road-stud. I
One of the objects of the improvement is to increase the rapidity and the certainty of the movement of the switch-piece, which is sov constructed and'arranged thatit embodies a magnetic blow-out across' the switch-con tacts and precludes adhesion by resid ual magnetism.
-Another is to provide simplicity in the construction of the ground xing and durability against wear by traffic. n
The accompanying drawings show a form of construction which embodies the abovementioned advantages.
Figure 1 is a vertical section through the axis of the stud, taken in a direction transverse to the line of the rails; and Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section.
These figures show the stud as composed of a stalk a, pivotally connected to astud-head l) by an eyebolt 0,' permitting the surface of b to be laid flush with the groundfsurface even when the stalk is not iixed perpendicularly thereto. The separate construction of the two parts has the further advantage that the stud-head can be Vrf f newed when Worn without requiring the removal ofy the relatively more costly stalk and switch which Serial No. 156.321. (No model.)
' does not deteriorate. .The stalk o is composed of a number of laminated plates of iron or steel which are partially insulated from each other and rigidly united by the rivets d d. A number of the plates in the middle portion are cut short at the upper end-to receive the eye of the eyebolt c, which latter is connected to the other plates of the stalk by the pin e, Vthe ends of the plates being cut to a circular profile and making close contact with the stud-head. At the lower end also about one-half of the middle plates are out short, whereby the stalk is made fork-shaped. The two sides f f of the fork are spread a little, and brass plates g g are inserted and secured by rivets each to its adjacent portion of the fork. In the space Within the fork a switchpiece h is'suspended by aspring k. The switchlpiece' h also is formed of laminated steel or iron plates, which, with insulating material inserted between them, are rigidly united by rivets. Two strips of copper m mare bound around the edges of the switch-piece and fastened by serews. A slotwayn is formed in the plates which compose the switch-piece, and through it is passed a brass pin o. The reduced vends of the pin o are inserted through holes formed 'in the plates of the fork and riveted over. The enlarged'central portion of the pin forms a Vdistance-piece between the two sides of the fork and partiallycontrols and guides the movement ot the switch-piece. -The spring is attached to the switch-piece by means of a piece of insulating material p, a few of the middle plates of h being cut short for the insertion of 10. The upper end of the spring k is attached to `one or more of the central plates of the stalk a, which are left a little longer than the others for the purpose and which have a hole bored in them. Permanent electrical connection between theswitchniece h and the stalk a is established by fastening to each the ends of the flexible conductors qq. The insulating material p will preclude the conveyance of the electric eurrent through the, spring k. f
The strength of the spring lo' is so adjusted that it is just able to'support the weight of the switch-piece in its highest position when no car-magnet is over the stud.
c The stalk, with its suspended switch-piece,
is inserted in a stoneware pipe lr, which forms a vertical branch of a closed horizontal stoneware conduit s, which ycontains the cable t, which is the medium for the conveyance of the electrical energy from the source, to be picked up by the traveling car through successive stud-contacts. In the example shown the cable is bare and is made of iron or steel wires. At points immediately beneath each of the studs the cable is supported in the conduit s by resting on a roller u, made ofinsulating material, which is mounted on a metal pin v, carried by the conduit. The'ppin i; protudes from the conduit at one end through a water-tight joint into the earth. The ends of these pins are joined together and to the rails` at intervals by strips of metal.
The surfaces of the insulating-rollers have very undulating profiles for the purpose of exaggerating the length of the path of leakage of electricity over the surface. Any which may leak that way will be intercepted by the pin fu and conveyed to the rail, and thus effectually shield the studs from becoming charged by leakage along the internal surface of the conduit. Under these circumstances a stud can become charged only when it is beneath a car and under its protection.
At the constriction w in the stoneware pipe r packing is driven in and the space above filled up with melted bitumen or the like Inaterial. The simple form of the stud-head shown will enable two granite blocks a: a: to be cut with facility to a shape adapted to lit together and surround and support the studhead, thereby providing greater durability under heavy traffic than would be obtainable by any composition stone. This method of fixing is adapted to allow the stud to be readily withdrawn forinspection and repair after the exposed upper surface has been heated a little to soften the bitumen.
The movement of the switch-piece h toward the iron cable t, which is requisite to establish the required electric circuit, is due to the magnetic induction in the stud-head and stalk induced by the magnet carried bythe car and transmitted to the iron of which the cable is composed. The circuit of the induced magnetism, which commences at the pole of the magnet just above the stud, passes through the stud-head downward along the stalk a through the switch-piece h across the air-gap to lthe cable and is completed in a very distributed manner from the cable through conduit, earth, and air to the other pole of the magnet in the car. The diminution of the air-gap between the switch-piece h and the cable t will increase the conductance of the circuit or diminish its magnetic reluctance,
and in consequence the switch-piece will be attracted toward the cable. The downward movement of the switch-piece h will be at first scarcely resisted by the spring c as it just balances its weight, by the extension, the upward pull of the spring will increase, but also, at a more rapid rate, will the downward attractive force. When' the exciting cause is removed by the onward movement of the car and its magnet, the induced magnetism will die out and permit the spring, now at its maximum tensile force, to detach the switch-piece and raise it while there is still sufficient magnetic induction across the contacts to produce a blowing-out effect on sparks, which otherwise would be liable to occur.
The copper strips m m prevent the contact of iron with iron and facilitate detachment.
At high speeds the time available for the excitation of the magnetic induction is small. For this reason the magnetic lag due to eddycurrents is reduced as much as possible by forming the stalk and switch-piece of laminated plates.
The construction herein shown and described, in which the conductor of the electric energy is a bare cable of iron or steel wire mounted on insulating-rollers and inclosed within a stoneware conduit, will give great facility for the insertion and removal of the conducting-cable for examination, repair, or renewal. It will also permit the cable to be moved a small distance after an interval of use and bring a fresh portion immediately below a stud at the same time a new or clean portion of the surface of the insulating-roller will be brought into contact with the cable.
With a cable mounted in a conduit according to this system it will be easy to provide a remedy against the event of leakage of water into the conduit by an accident by constructing at intervals a number of chambers into which such water may drain away from the conduit, facility being also provided for emptying those chambers.
Iplaiml. For use in a system of electric traction, by which electrical energy is received by a car from a conductor contained in a closed conduit, placed underneath the track,through the medium of a succession of studs fixed in the ground, a stud, composed of magnetic material, having electrically connected therewith a switch-piece also composed of magnetic materialsuspended at the lower end of the stud, and an underlying mass of magnetic material in electric connection with a source of electricity, the switch-piece being so suspended, relatively to the stud and underlying mass, as, under magnetic induction, to approach and make contact with the latter, and to be withdrawn when magnetic induction ceases.
2. A stud composed of magnetic material formed in two parts, pivotally connected forming a T-piece having, electrically connected therewith, a switch-piece, also composed of magnetic material, suspended at the lower end of the stud.
3. A stud composed of magnetic material formed in two parts, pivotally connected forming a T-piece, the stalk of which consists of laminated plates having, electrically con- IIO nected therewith, a switch-piece, also composed of magnetic material, suspended at the lower end of the stud.
4. A stud composed of magnetic material having a head and a vertical stalk, the lower end of which is hollowed and contains, suspended by a spring within the hollow, `a switch-piece composed of magnetic material.
5. A stud composed of magnetic material, having a head and avertical stalk, the lower end of which is forkedV and contains, suspended by a spring within the fork, a switchpieoe electrically connected with the stud in an elastic manner, the switch-piece having a slotway, and the fork carrying a pin inserted through the slotway, substantially asdescribed.
6. A stud composed of magnetic material having, electrically connected therewith, a
y131cmAMIN HARRY BEDELL.
Witnesses:
J oHN ALFRED DoNNIsoN, WILLEAM HOLMES.
US15682103A 1903-05-12 1903-05-12 Contact-stud and fixing for use with surface-contact systems of electric traction. Expired - Lifetime US739816A (en)

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