US734594A - Smelting apparatus. - Google Patents

Description

No. 734,594. I PATENTED JULY 28, 1903. P. NAEP.

SMELTING APPARATUS. APPLIGATION FILED APR; 24, 1900;

W/TNESSES /N VEN T 0R u: Norms Fergus no. pHoro-urna.. wAanlNGvcN, D, c.

atented July 28, 1908;.' l' l PATENT OFFICE.

PAUL NAEF, oFNEw YORK, N. Y.

SMELTNGAPPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION lforming part of Letters Patent No. 734,594, dated July 28, 1903.

Original application filed September 25, 1897, SerialvNo. 653,015. Divided andlapplioation filed ,T une 17, 1898, Serial No. 683,680. Again divided and this application iiled April24, 1900. Serial No. 14,132. (No model.)

i T0 all wiz/011e it may concern,.-

Beit known that LPAUL NAEF,of New York city, in vthe county of New York and State of New York, have invented certainnew and useful Improvements in Smeltiug Apparatus; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in lthe artv to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to smelting apparatus, the same being shown and described in my application for patent for smelting ores and recovering valuable by-products, Serial No. csacsos, filed June 17, 189s, of whichV this application is a division, said application Serial No. 683,68@ being a division of application Serial No. 653,015, filed September 25,

Objects of the invention are to combine the manufacture of pig-iron in blast-furnaces and the manufacture of coke and by-products; to recover the cyanids formed in theY blast-furnace as such or as ammonia; to manufacture a high-grade heating or illuminating gas as a by-product of the blast-furnace process; toV

economize fuel inthe blast-furnace by some of the blast-furnace gases to a greater eX- tent than usual; to keep the upper part of the blast-furnace at a lower temperature, and` thus avoid secondary reaction; to make theV production of iron andthe coking of coal,

the calcination of limestone, the recovery of sists in taking hot gases from blast-furnaces,

preferably before the destruction of. much cyanid has taken place. The gases are utilized for the production of coke in such a way `trogenons compounds of the coke. Preferably the coking apparatus is made of such a size that it will produce all the coke recovered by the blast-furnace. The hot gases are lwithdrawn from the blast-furnace some distance above the tw'vers and are conductedthrough an opening in the periphery into a bricklined annular channel encircling the furnace. From this channel a pipe conducts the gases into an annular channel encircling the coking-furnace and through ducts into said furnace. These ducts are arrangedb at such a height that coke can be withdrawn at the bottom of theapparatus without the escape ofgas or steam. The part of the coking apparatus below the gas-entrance is used for the production of ammonia from the nitrogenous compounds of the coke by the action of steam on the red-hot coke and for the cooling of the coke by means of steam and water. The steam causes, further, a decomposition of cyanid with formation of ammonia, which reaction can be expressed contained in the incandescent gases will pass through the limekiln without decomposition.

IOC

As a large volume of gas is withdrawn from the blast-furnace for coking coal, the remainder of the gas will pass through the upper part of the furnace at a lower speed and there will be a more complete conversion of .carbonic oxid to carbonio acid by the action of the iron ore. In blast-furnaces worked in the ordinary way practically all the reduction of iron oxid takes place in a space of about fifteen feet from the top of the furnace; but as the charge descends reoxidation takes place to a large extent by such reactions re+co,=reo+co,

caused by-too high a temperature. High temperature causes, further, an increase in fuel consumption by the action of carbonio acid on the coke in the upper part of the furnace As with the new process described a much smaller volume of gas will pass through the upper part of the furnace, the reduction of iron oxid will take place at a lower temperature and the secondary actions described will take place to a much less extent. After the charge reaches the point below the offtake of the incandescent gases it will suddenly be raised to a temperature at which lthe metal melts. A further economy of fuel will be effected by the gas leaving the blast-furnace at a much lower temperature, because less heat has to be intercepted in the upper part of the furnace. If new blast-furnaces are erected for my process, they can therefore be built of smaller height. A separate apparatus of similar construction as the coking apparatus can be employed for the reduction of the ore by means of hot gas from the blastfurnace. The gas escapingv from this appatus will be mostly carbonio acid, which can be run to waste or mixed withthe gases entering the coking apparatus. If the ore is reduced in a separate apparatus, there is no necessity' for passing gas through the upper part of the blast-furnace. All the gas can be withv drawn at a lowerlevel, and the upper part of the blast-furnace can be made shorter.

In the drawings, Figure 1 shows a vertical section of an apparatus designed for the process. Fig. 2 shows a vertical section of the coking apparatus in its simplest form.

Referring to Fig. 1, 1 is a blast-furnace of ordinary construction. 2 is the coking apparatus; 3, the apparatus for calcining the li mestone. Hot gases are taken from the blastfurnace through ducts 4, which lead into a brick channel 5, encircling the furnace. This channel has openings 6 for blowing out dust when necessary. lt is connected to the coking apparatus 2 and the calcining apparatus 3by the pipe 7. VVater-cooled dampers 8 and 9 are arranged to shut off the hot gases from the coking and calcining apparatus, if desired.

The coking apparatus consists of a shaft 10 supported on pillars 11.

It is here shown with a conical bottom 12 and doors 13, through which the coke is discharged. It is charged with the coal by conveyer 14 from the hopper above. Thehotgasisintroducedthroughthe annular channel 15 and ducts 16. The gas, containing ammonia and tar, leaves through pipe 17, which conducts it to any suitable washing apparatus. (Notshown.) The part of the coking apparatus below the ducts 16 is used for producing ammonia from the nitrogenous compounds of the coke by the action of steam and for cooling the coke. The steam is introduced through numerous pipes 19 and 'the water through pipes 18. The coke is crushed and continuously discharged by the rollers 12a. It drops into the storagehopper 20, which is connected at the bottom to a conveyer 21., which delivers the coke into hopper 22. The inlets of gas and steam to the coking apparatus are arranged at such a height that the resistance to the passage of gas upward and downward is about the same. Coke can therefore be withdrawn from the bottom vwithout escape of gas or steam.

In regard to the coking process and apparatus therefor reference is made to my applications Serial No. 650,761, September 7, 1897, and subdivided from that application Serial No. 668,779, February l, 1898, and Serial No. 668,780, February 1, 1898.

The limekiln 3 consists of a shaft 23, supported on pillars 24. It is charged with limestone from hopper 25 by a conveyer 26. Hot gas from the blast-furnace is introduced through the annular channel 27 and ducts 28. The burnt lime is withdrawn from the conical bottom 20 through the doors 30 into the storage-hopper 31. From hopper 31 it is fed into hopper 22 by conveyer 32. The iron ore is fed into storage-hopper 22 from 33 by con veyer 34, and the suitable smelting mixture of lime, iron ore, and coke is obtained by regulating.r speed of the conveyers 21 32 34. This smelting mixture is elevated into hopper 35 by the elevator 36, which discharges into the horizontal conveyer 37. The latter discharges the smelting mixture into hopper 35, from which it is fed into the blast-furnace by means of conveyer 38. By this arrangement the operations of coking, the calcining of the limestone, making the smelting charge, elevating the same, and charging it into the blast-furnace are performed automatically. Instead of using a bell for charging the blastfurnace, conveyer 38 is used, which dispenses entirely with manual labor for charging. Hopper 33 is so arranged that the iron ore can be dumped into it from railway-cars or from suitable ore-bins.

The water-cooled dampers 8 and 9 consist of a casing 39, into which water is run through pipes 40 and leaving through pipe 41. The damper 42 is suspended on a pipe 43, which can be raised or lowered by any convenient means. Water is introduced into the damper 42 through the pipe 44 and leaves pipe 43 at discharge-pipe 45.

IOO

IIO

Instead of the damper connected as above l described any well-known form of 'watercooled damper may be employed.

When the coking apparatus 2 and calciuing apparatus 3 are in operation, the dampers 42 are not in the reach of the intense heat, being surrounded by the water-cooled casing 39.

In Fig. 2 the coking apparatusconsists of a shaft 46, which is preferably incased with sheet-iron 47. An annular channel 48 encircles the shaft, through which the incandescent gases pass -to the ducts 49. Coal is charged into the apparatus from hopper 50 by conveyer 5l. Ammonia is produced in the part of the apparatus below the entrance of the hot gas by the action of steam introduced through numerous pipes 53 on the redhotl coke. The coke is further cooled by means of water introduced through pipes 52. In this form of the apparatus the coke is discharged by manual labor through openings 54 and doors 55.

If the cyanid in the blast-furnace gases is to be recovered as such, no steam is introduced into the coking apparatus. In such cases cyanid is absorbed from the gases leaving the coking apparatus. It may be further stated that steam can be introduced into the lower part of the calcining apparatus 3 in a similar way as is shown in the coking apparatus 2 for the purpose of converting the cyand contained in the blast-furnace gases into ammonia.

Itis an important feature of my invention that it enables the use of bituminous coal in iron blast-furnaces without interfering with the capacity of said furnaces. The general construction of the apparatus can be varied as the case may require to obtain the best results without departing from the spirit of my invention.

Having fully described my invention,what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. Smelting apparatus consisting of a blastfurnace, acoking-oven and a limekiln, means for conducting gas from the blast-furnace to the coking-oven and the limekiln, means for mixing the solid products from coke-oven and the limekiln with ore, and means for conducting said mixture to and discharging it into the blast-furnace.

2. Smelting apparatus consisting of a blastfurnace, a coke-oven and a limekiln, means for conducting gas from the blast-furnace to the coke-oven and the limekiln and means for automatically mixing the solid products of said oven and kiln with ore and automatically feeding the whole int'o the blast-furnace.

3. Smelting apparatus comprising a blastfurnace, a coke-oven and a'limekiln, a flue connecting the blast-furnace with the cokeoven and limekiln for conveying gas thereto from the blast-furnace, water-cooled valves for controlling the inlet of gasto said oven and kiln and means for conveying the solid products of said oven and kiln to the blastfurnace.

4. In smelting apparatus, the combination with a blast-furnace, a coke-oven and a limekiln and a flue for conducting hot gas from the blast-furnace to the coke-oven and the limekiln, hoppers under said oven and kiln, feeders under said hoppers, an intermediate hopper adapted to receive material from said feeders, an elevator for conducting material from said intermediate hopper and means for feeding material from said elevator into the blast-furnace.

5. The combination in smelting apparatus, of a blast-furnace, a coking apparatus and a limekiln, means for supplying the coking apparatus and the limekiln with heated gas from the blast-furnace and means for automatically feeding the solid products from said coking apparatus and limekiln simultaneously to the blast-furnace.

6. The combination in a smelting apparatus, of a blast-furnace, a coking apparatus and a limekiln, means for supplying said coking apparatus and limekiln with gas from the blast-furnace, a hopper below the dischargeoutlets of the coking. apparatus and limekiln, means for regulating the feed of the solid products from said coking apparatus and limekiln to said hopper and means for feeding and regulating the feed of material in said hopper to the blast-furnace.

'7. In a'smelting apparatus, the combination of a blast-furnace, a coking apparatus and a limekiln, a due connecting the blastfurnace with the coking'apparatus and the limekiln, a hopper between and below the outlets of said coking apparatus and lime- IOO kiln, means for regulating the feed of material from thecoking apparatus and limekiln to said hopper, an elevator communicating with said hopper, a feed device communicating with the elevator and with the top of the blast-furnace and means for regulating the discharge of material from said feed device `into the top of the blast-furnace.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

Witnesses:

O. E. LANGDON, GERRIT SMITH.

Images