US734476A - Art of transmitting intelligence. - Google Patents

Description

No. 734,476. PATENTED JULY 21, 1903. H. SHOEMAIKER.

ART OF TRANSMITTHTG INTELLIGENCE.

APPLIUATION FILED APR. 24, 1903.

If 1 .1. f fl L5 H0 MODEL.

UNITE STATES Patented July 21, 1903.

P TENT v OFFICE.

HARRY SI-IOEMAKER, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR ONE- HALF TO MARIE V. GEHRING, F PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

ART OF TRANSMITTING |I |TELI.,lG ENCE SPECIFlCATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 734,476, dated July 2 1, 1903.

Original application filed January 8, 1903, Serial No, 138,228.v Divided and this application filed April 24, 1903. Serial 7 v ITO-1543110- (No model.) 1.

T0 otZZ whom it mag concern.

Be it known that I, HARRY SHOEMAKER, a

citizen of the United States, residingat Phila My invention relates to wireless signaling 10 systems, more especially those in which the energy representing the signal ormessage is of the electroradiant type and transmitted through the natural media.

My invention relates more especially to the r 5 method of recording messages or signals at the receiving-stations.

My invention involves the principle that electromagnetic radiations have the property by transformation into high-frequency oscilzo latory currents of changing the magnetism,

either sustained or permanent, of a magnetized mass, generally in the direction of reducing the magnetization. 7

My invention consists in the method of dynamically generating the recording-impulse by the rapid relative movement of a magnetized mass with respect to a circuit, the arriving of electroradiations beingemployed to cause variations of magnetism in a rapidlymoving magnetized mass.

It is a well-known fact that the permanent or residual magnetism of a mass of iron, steel,

in an aerial conductor by electrical radiations. impinging upon said conductor when placed in the vicinity of or surrounding a normally magnetized mass will cause such mass toal- 4o ter its magnetization generally in the direction of reducing suchmagnetization. It is this principle which underlies my invention;

In my receiver I employ a rotating or moving mass of metal, which is maintained in a magnetic condition by means of a magnet of unvarying strength. The portion of the mass which has passed such magnet is permanently magnetized to a greater or less degree. Later in its travel the magnetized mass comes under the influence of a winding in operative relation with the receiving-conductor of a Wireless signaling system, and if electroradiant' energy is arriving the magnetism of that portion of the moving mass which is in the'immediate vicinity of such winding is changed. The result is that different portions of the revolving mass are magnetized at difierent intensities,and.in consequence when or steel or the wire or ribbon is normally-magn'ctiz'ed to a certain intensity by a magnet,

and the effect of the electroradiant energy is to produce locally in the moving magnetized mass spots or portions, Whose magnetization is ofless densitythan the normal-magnetization of the mass. This portion lessdensely magnetized coming then into the magnetized circuit surrounded by a winding causes a change in'the line of force threading such 8o magnetized circuit, and in consequence there is an inductive action in the winding surrounding such magnetic circuit, resulting in a currentflow in such winding, suchcurrentfiow being utilized to produce a signal. If 85. the spots or portions of the magnetized mass which have been diminished in their intensity of magnetization are moved with great rapidity past or through the magnetic circuit surrounded bya winding including a translat- 9o ing device, the inductive action on such-wind ingwill be verygreatindeed,becauseofthesuddennessor great-rate'change of lines of force threading such winding. By this means, even with slight demagnetization due to the re- 5 ceived energy, I am enabled to produce relatively great effects in the receiver-translating device. In other words, by applying great speed to-the moving magnetized mass, which is uniformly magnetized, due to received electroradiant energy, I am performing the equivalent of increasing the voltage of the induced current with a given strength of field. This process amounts to dynamically generating strong impulses in the circuit ofa translating device, the energy of such impulses being derived from the source of power driving the magnetized mass, but the amount of energy being controlled also by the received electroradiant energy. This arrangement amounts to dynamically generating an electric current in the circuit of the translating device, and I style my receiver, in consequence, a dynamic receiver. This arrangement differs distinctly from that wherein the impulse in the circuit of the receiving device is due simply to static inductive effect (the static transformer efiects) where the motion of the magnetized mass is merely incidental to the impulse, but not a producer or generator of it.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 shows in side elevation an arrangement in which the moving magnetized mass is in the form of a wire or ribbon and a diagrammatic View of the arrangement of the aerial and receiver circuits in connection therewith. Fig. 2 is a plan view of Fig. 1 with the diagrammatic view of the circuits omitted. Fig. 3 is a fragmentary view showing in diagram the arrangement of the essential parts and the circuits of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a fragmentary View showing in diagram the arrangement of circuits employed in conjunction with the modification illustrated in Figs. 5, 6, and 7. Fig. 5 is a modified form of apparatus in which the magnetized mass comprises two concentric rings bridged by the energizingmagnet, the aerial demagnetizing-circuit, and the receiver-circuit. Fig. 6 is an end view of Fig. 5, partly in section, showing means of adjusting the several parts with respect to each other. Fig. 7 is a sectional View of the concentric magnetic masses supported upon a common base-plate. Fig. 8 is a diagram matic View of a modified arrangement to be used in connection with the apparatus disclosed in Fig. 1.

InFig. 1 is shown the dynamic receiver, Upon the base 1 are erected the standards 2 2, in whose upper ends are mounted four pulleys 15, as seen in Fig. 2. The two pulleys at the right are mounted upon a shaft 4, supplied with a pulley 6, by means of which the shaft 4 is driven by any suitable motor. The pulleys 15 at the left are each mounted upon an independent shaft carried at the end of an arm 24. Over these pulleys 15 are adapted to run the two wires or ribbons 16 16. These wires or ribbons 16 are continuous iron or steel, the joint being carefully welded and reduced to the same diameter as the remainder of the wire and further treated by annealing and the like, so that the magnetic properties of such joint shall be the same as the remainder of the wire. These wires 16 are stretched taut by means of the thumbnuts 25 engaging the arm 24 by screw-threads. The pulley 6 is rotated at a Very high rate of speed by an external source of power, so that the wires 16 travel at a very high speed.

At 7 is shown a U-shaped magnet of the permanent type, immediately above whose poles pass the aforementioned wires 16 16. This causes then the wires 16 to be uniformly magnetized throughouttheir length. Thedisposition of this permanent magnet 7 is such that it is close to the point where the wires 16 16 leave the pulleys 15 at the left. The purpose of this is to insure every portion of the wire as it passes a pole to be at the same distance from such pole, so that the magnetization shall be uniform. If the magnet 7 were placed at a greater distance from the pulley 15 at the left, the wires 16, due to their high rate of speed, might shake and vibrate, so that the magnetization would not be uniform. The direction of rotation of the pul- 'leys 15 is in a counter-clockwise direction, as

indicated by the arrow in Fig. 1.

22 is a supplemental base having a lug, through which extends the adjusting-screw 21 for the purpose of moving the member 20 backward and forward along the supplemental base 22 for the purpose of adjustment.

22 is a standard secured to the supplemental base 22 and carrying at its upper end the two short helices 17 17, connected in series between the aerial conductorA and the earthplate E.

23 is an adjusting-screw by means of which this supplemental base may be made to approach and recede from the permanent magnet 7. Upon the member 20 is mounted the U-shaped permanent magnet 19, terminating in the upwardly-extending small cylindrical pole-pieces located in close proximity to the wires 16 16 and surrounded by the coils 18.

26 26 are idlers which serve to steady the wires 16 where they pass over the aforementioned poles in order that there will be no variation in strength of the magnet 19, due to any shaking or vibrating of said wires 16 16.

By means of the supplemental base 22, the sliding member 20, and the two adjustingscrews 23 and 21 it is possible to adjust the helices 17 with respect to the permanent magnet 7 and also with respect to the magnet 19.

The coils 18, surrounding the poles of magnet 19, are joined in series with each other and with the primary B of the transformer. The secondary S of this transformer is joined in series with the adjustable inductance L, telephone-receiver R, and condenser C.

The operation is as follows: Normally the wires 16 16 are traveling at a rapid rate and are uniformly magnetized by the permanent magnet 7. Upon the reception of electroradiant energy, however, through the agency of helices 17 the magnetism in the wires 16 immediately surrounded by said helices is changed, producing,in eifect,a spot or portion tinct from the magnetic circuit surrounded number of lines of force threading thecoils 18 is varied and'changed, and in consequence there is induced in the coils 18' and the circuit including them an impulse of current, which is transformed and flows through the telephone-receiver R, producing the sound or click. There is a sound or clickproduced for each train of wavesemitted at the transmitting-station and received upon the aerial conductor A. e

Fig. 3 shows more clearly the disposition of the circuits employed in connection with Fig. 1. In this arrangement it is to be noticed that the aerial winding is separate and disby a winding in which the signal-producing impulse is to be induced. It is in virtue of this arrangement that the important result is obtained of generating dynamically, as distinct from statically, the impulse producing the signal, and whereby the energy of such impulse maybe made great because of a transformation from mechanical energy supplied at pulley 6 into electrical energy in the circuit of the coils 18. The action is, in fact, similar to that in a dynamo-electric generator, where the field-magnet is rotated or moved with respect to the armature-coils. The energy generated in the armature-coils is, in fact, derived from mechanical energy, which moves the field-magnet and is dependent upon the speed of such field-magnet and also upon the strength of such field. In the disposition shown in Fig. 1 the magnetized wires 16 correspond to the moving field and the coils 18 correspond to the armature-winding. The energy generated in the coils 18 is similarly dependent upon the rate of'change of the magnetism threading said coil. This rate of change is made large by causing the wires 16 16 to travel at a high rate of speed, and upom this rate of speed is dependent the energy of the impulse induced in said coils. As previously stated, there is an impulse induced in the coils 18 for each train of Waves received at the receiving-station. In consequence if these trains of waves succeed each other uniformly at a definite rate there will be pro duced in the coils 18 periodic currents of a rate equal to the rate of succession of the wave-trains, and similarly in the circuit of the telephone-receiver B there will be alternating or fluctuating currents of a frequency depending upon the rate of succession of the transmitted wave-trains. By suitably adjusting the inductance Land the condenser O with respect to the additional inductance of the secondary winding S and of the windings of the receiver R these condary circuit may be attunedso that the said circuit will vin Fig. 1.

slect only those currents as controlled by wairje train's' succeeding'e'achother at a 'predetermined rate and representing a predetermined message transmitted from a predeter-.

mined station. A'variation in speed of the wires 16 16ifwill not interfere with this selectivity, becaii'se at whatever speed these Wires travel the same number of demagnetized spots orportiohs will pass the poles of the magnet 19 in a unit of time. It is thus seen that no message will be recorded in receiver Rexcept that represented by the wave-trains succeeding each other at the proper rate, and any other Wave-trains of different rate of succession impinging upon the aerial conductor A will not produce a signal in the receiver R.

In Fig. 7 are showntwo concentric ironor steel rings 28 and 34, secured to the face of the disk'27, of non magn'etizable material. The disk 27 is mounted upon the shaft 4, (shown in Fig. 5,) which is driven by pulley 6 and rotates on centers supported by the brackets 2 2, secured to the base 1. 7 is a U-' shaped magnet supported on the base 1 in such manner that the ring 28 will rotate past one of its poles while the ring 34 rotates past the other of its poles. At 17 is shown a finelydivided or laminated member, of. magnetizable material, surrounded by a helix connected in series between the aerial conductor A and the earth-plate E, asshown in Fig.4. This member 17 and itshelix are supported at the end of arm 33 in such manner that the ends of the magnetizable material are oppo-' site the rings 28 and 34 inan arrangement similar to the magnet 7. By means of screw 30, extending through a projection of the right-hand bracket 2, the position of 17 with relation to the magnet 7 may be adjusted. 19 is a U-shaped magnet Whose small cylin drical pole-pieces are arranged opposite the rings 28 and 34, 18 representing coils surrounding these pole-pieces. The magnet 19 and the coils 18 are supported at the end of arm 32. By means of the thumb-screw 31' the position of the magnet 19 and the coils 18 may be adjusted with respect to the member 17. This thumb-screw 31 extends through a bracket 29 on a standard 2.

is the same as that represented in Fig. 1, the

rings 28 and 34 corresponding with the wires Fig. 1,as well as Fig. 6, should be so wound and so connected that the currents induced in them will not oppose each other, but will be cumulative in their effects.

In Fig. 8 the aerial conductor A, winding 17, and wires 16 are the same as illustrated The coils 35, however, surround these wires or ribbons 16 in place of the arrang'ement shown in Fig. 1,where the coils,

18are placed on a magnetic circuit in the vic'inityof the wire 16. ation, however, is the same in each case. Im-

In efiect this arrangement, as shown in Figs. 4, 5, 6, and 7,

Theprinciple of oper- &

pulses are generated in coils 35 and operate upon the receiver R to reproduce the signal.

Though I have shown the demagnetizing winding in each instance as connected in series between an aerial conductor and earth, it is to be understood that such winding may be arranged in any other relation, as Well understood in this art. For example, such winding might be in the circuit of the secondary of a transformer or in a closed tuned circuit for the purpose of increasing a current component of the energy traversing such winding.

It is to be further understood that I do not limit my invention to the precise arrangement herein disclosed, for many equivalent arrangements are obvious to those skilled in the art.

This application is a division of my application filed January 8, 1903, Serial No. 138,228.

What I claim is- 1. The method of renderingintelligible electroradiant energy transmitted through the natural media and representing a signal or message, which consists in changing the magnetism of a mass by said electroradiant energy, moving said mass with relation to a circuit, and generating in said circuit a signalproducing impulse in virtue of the motion of said mass with respect to said circuit.

2. The method of rendering intelligible electroradiant energy transmitted through the natural media and representing asignal or message, which consists in changing the magnetism of a mass by said electroradiant energy, moving said mass with relation to a circuit, generating a current in said circuit in virtue of the motion of said mass, and producing a signal by said current.

3. The method of renderingintelligible electroradiant energy transmitted through the natural media and representing a signal or message, which consists in changing the magnetism of a mass by said electroradiant energy efiects, moving said mass with relation to a circuit, generating .in said circuit electric currents in virtue of the motion of said mass, and selecting a current fluctuating at a rate characteristic of a predetermined signal 01' message, to reproduce said signal or message.

HARRY SHOEMAKER.

Witnesses:

J OHN THIEL, MAE HOFMANN.

Images