US732239A - Automatic regulator for electric generators. - Google Patents

Description

No. 732,239. PATBNTED JUNE 30, 1903. W. ArTURBAYNE 6: A. S. HUBBARD.

AUTOMATIC REGULATOR FOR ELEGTRIO GENERATORS.

APPLICATION FILED JULYBI. 1902. A

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

HO MODEL.

fizz/@2270 .Zi'ibrzzeys No. 732,239. PATENTED JUNE 30, 1903.

W. A. TURBAYNE & A. S. HUBBARD. v

AUTOMATIC REGULATOR FOR ELECTRIC GENERATORS.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 31. 1902.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Jmrmys No. 732,239. PATENTED JUNE SO, 1903.

W. A. TURBAYNEK; A. S. HUBBARD. AUTOMATIC REGULATOR FOR ELEGTRIG GENERATORS.

APPLICATION FILED J ULY 31.1902.

N0 MODEL. 3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

UNITED STATES Patented .Tune 30, 1903 PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM A. TURBAYNE, OF BUFFALO, NEW YORK, AND ALBERT S. HUBBARD, OF BELLEVILLE, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNORS TO CHARLES M. GOULD, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

AUTOMATIC REGULATOR FOR ELECTRIO' GENERATORS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters IPatent N 0. 732,239,- dated June 30, 1903. Application filed July 31, 1902 Serial No. 117,836. (No model.)

ticularly to improvements in the regulatordescribed in United States Letters Patent No. 705,487, granted to Charles M. Gould, July 22, 1902, in connection with an electriclighting apparatus for railway-cars, in which the electric current for the lights is generated while the car is in motion by a dynamo. mounted under the car and driven from one of the car-axles and while the car is not in motion by a storage battery, which is charged by the current generated by the dynamo when in action. In the apparatus described in the said application the dynamo is driven by a belt from the car-axle, and an electric motor and connections are provided which move the dynamo toward the car-axle to slacken the "driving-belt, so that it will slip'and decrease the speed of the dynamo-armature when the speed of the car-axle is greater than necessary for the normal operation of the dynamo, and which move the dynamo in the opposite direction to tighten the belt when the speed of the caraxle decreases to or below the speed required for the normal operation of the dynamo. The motor is driven in one direction byacnrrent from the dynamo, and a reversing mechanism actuated by a solenoid is provided for determining the direction of movement of the dynamo. The solenoid is controlled by a current generated by the dynamo and operates the reversing mechanism to change the direction of movement of the dynamo when the output of the dynamo by reason of the increased or decreased speed of its armature rises above or falls below a predetermined normal value.

One object of the present invention is to provide such a regulating apparatus with means whereby the current entering the batarmature-shaft to drive the latter.

j sion of means whereby the output of the dynamo is increased when the lamps are burned or lamps are added to the work-circuit, so that the burning of the lamps will not impede the charging of the battery.

In the accompanying drawings, consisting of three sheets, Figure 1 is a side elevation,

partly in section, of an apparatus embodying the invention. Fig. 2 is an enlarged end elevation of the motor, solenoid, and associated parts, showing the inclosing casing therefor in section. Fig. 3 is an enlarged plan view, partly in section,'of the parts shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic View illustrating the electrical connections.

Like letters of reference refer to like parts in the several figures.

A represents the dynamo; B, the driving car-axle, and b the driving-belt, which runs around pulleys'on the car-axle and dynamo The dynamo is hung by swinging links a froma carriage O, which is mounted to slide toward and from the car-axle on guide-bars c, suspended below the car-bottom.

E represents a shifting-screw shaft, which is journaled in a suitable bearing and has its threaded portion engaging in a screwthreaded opening in a log e on the dynamocarriage. The shaft has fixed thereto two ratchet-wheels F and G, the teethof which extend in opposite directions 11 represents an oscillating pawl-lever pivoted concentric with the shifting-screw and carrying a double pawlI, which is pivoted on the pawl-lever and is provided with oppositelyprojecting noses t 7 adapted to cooperate, respectively, with the ratchet-wheels F and G. The pawl-lever is oscillated by an electric motor J, the armature-shaft of which is provided with a worm meshing with a wormwheel j, which is provided with a crank-pin entering a slot in one arm of the pawl-lever. When the pawl-lever is oscillated, if the pawlnose t' is in engagement with its ratchet-wheel F the shifting-screw will be turned to the right and the dynamo shifted toward the caraxle. If the other pawl-nose t" is in engagement with its ratchet-wheel G, the shiftings'crew will be turned in the opposite direction and the dynamo moved away from the car-axle. V

K represents a solenoid for shifting the double pawl to throw one or the other of its noses into engagement with the teeth of its cooperating ratchet-wheel. The core 5 of the solenoid is connected to one arm of a lever the other arm of which is connected to one end of a spring 15 fixed at its other end to the double pawl. When the solenoid-core is in its lowest position, the pawl-nose t" will be lowered into operative relation to its ratchetwheel G and the nose t' raised out of operative position. The oscillation of the pawllever by the motor will then turn the shifting-screw to the left and move the dynamo away from the car-axle and tighten the belt. When the solenoid-core is raised to its highest position, the other nose t'of the pawl will be lowered into engagement with the teeth of its ratchet-wheel, and the shifting-screw will be turned in the opposite direction and move the dynamo toward the car-axle to slacken the belt. \Vhen the solenoid-core is lifted only partially or to the intermediate normal position, (indicated in Fig. 2,) both pawl-noses will be out of engagement with their ratchet-wheels and the pawl-lever will oscillate withoutoperatingtheshifting-screw.

The parts above described briefly, with the exception of the solenoid, which will be presently described, are all shown and fully described in the said application. While the mechanisms of said application are preferred in connection with the present improvements, other mechanisms for accomplishing a similar result could be employed without departing from the scope of this invention.

The solenoid K is provided with a coarsewire winding K, interposed in the circuit between the dynamo and the storage battery and traversed by the full current entering said battery, a second fine-wire winding K connected as a shunt across said battery and acting cumulatively with the coil K to magnetize and lift the solenoid-core, and a third coarse-wire winding K in the lamp-circuit wound in such a manner as to act differentially to the windings K and K and neutralize the magnetic effects of said latter windings, and thus lower the solenoid-core.

The electrical circuits for energizing the solenoid-coils and operating the motor are controlled by a centrifugal governor on the dynamo-shaft, which operates cut-outs, as presently described. These parts are shown in the diagrammatic view Fig. & and are as follows: L represents the centrifugal governor, and M a movable switch-arm operated by the governor and provided with switchblades m m. n n n 'n 'n" are contact-plates arranged opposite to the switch-blades m m. 0 represents the lamps or other translating devices, and P one or more storage batteries for maintaining the lights when the dynamo is out of action or is not running at a snfficient speed for the desired voltage. q represents a maincircuit wire connecting the contact 'n with the positive pole of the battery, (1 a wire connecting the negative pole of the battery with the coarse -wire winding K of the solenoid, and g a wire connecting the said winding K with the contact at. (1 represents a switch forturning the lights on and off. This switch is connected by a wire (1 and resistance g with the main-circuit wire 1 and by a wire g with one terminal of the light-circuit, the other terminal of which is connected bya wire g and the third winding K of the solenoid with the wire q, leading from the negative pole of the battery. 7" r represent a shunt-circuit which connects the main-circuit wires (1 and 95* across the battery and includes the fine-wire winding K of the solenoid. s is a wire connecting the contact n and positive brush of the dynamo,

and s a wire connecting the contact a and negative brush of the dynamo. The field A of the dynamo is included in a shunt-circuit connected by a wire twith the contact 01 and by a wire it with the main-circuit wire q". u a represent the operating-circuit for the motor which oscillates the pawl-lever. When the dynamo-shaft has reached a predetermined desired speed, the centrifugal governor is operated to move the switcharm and carry the blade m against the two contacts '11, n, which project nearer to the switch-arm than the other contacts. The batterycurrent then flows from the positive pole of the battery through wire q, contact n, switch-blade m, contact a, wire t, dynamo-field A, wire 25', wire 1 coarse-wire Winding K of the solenoid, and wire q to the negative pole of the battery. The dynamo-field is thus energized, and the dynamo generates a current which flows from the positive brush 0f the dynamo through the wire 3, motor-circuit wire to, motor J, wire u, and wire 8 back to the negative brush of the dynamo. This current starts the motor which oscillates the pawllever, and the nose t" of the pawl being down in engagement with its ratchet-Wheel G by reason of the weight of the solenoid-core rotates the shifting-screw to the left, so as to move the dynamo away from the car-axle and tighten the belt. The speed of the dynamoshaft is then quickened sufficiently to cause the centrifugal governor to throw the switcharm into contact with all of the contactplates. The current generated by the dy namo then flows from the positive brush of the dynamo through the wire 3, contact n switch-blade m, contact n, main-circuit wire q to the battery to charge the same, wire q, first winding K of the solenoid, wire g contact n switch-blade m, contact n and wire 8 back to the negative brush of the dynamo.

If the lamp-switch g is in position to turn on the lights, a part of the current also flows from the main-circuit wire q through the wire q, resistance g lamp-switch (1 wire q, lamps 0, wire q", and the third winding K of the solenoid to the wire q, and thence back to the dynamo with that part of the current passing through the battery. Current also flows through the motor-circuit in the manner before described and from the positive brush of the dynamo through wire 8, contact 01 switch-blade m, contact 41, wire 25, field A of the dynamo, wire 25, wire g contact 01 switch-blade m, contact a and wire 3 back to the negative brush of the dynamo. When the dynamo-shaft attains the normal speed necessary to produce a current of the normal value, the current passing through the first winding K and the shunt-winding K of the solenoid energizes the said windings, which act conjointly to an extent sufficient to lift the solenoid-core to the normal or central position in which both noses of the pawl I are out of operative relation with their ratchetwheels, as indicated in Fig. 2. The dynamo then remains at a constant distance from the driving car-axle, and the current remains constant unless the speed of the axle changes, the lights are turned on, or the charging of the battery has proceeded to an extent to make a reduction of the current desirable. If the speed of the car-axle increases, the magnetization of the solenoid-windings K and K will be increased and raise the core until the pawl-nose t' engages its ratchetwheel and turns the shifting-screw to the right, moving the dynamo toward the caraxle until its armature speed is reduced and the current brought back to normal. If the speed of the car-axle decreases, the energization of the said solenoid-windings will decrease until the core drops and throws the other pawl into operation to shift the dynamo in the other direction and increase its armature speed. As the battery electromotive force rises during the charging operation the magnetic effect of the shunt solenoid-winding K increases, which also raises the core, throwing the pawl-nose i into operation to move the dynamo to decrease its speed and output. When the lights are turned on or lamp-load added, the current traversing the third winding K of the solenoid energizes the same, and owing to its differential action relative to the other windings of the solenoid it neutralizes or counteracts the same, permitting the core to again drop and throw in the pawl-nose i to move the dynamo away from the car-axle, so as to again increase its armature speed and output. Thus the out? put of the dynamo is kept at the desired value for the work which it has to do. The current is reduced as the battery electromotive force increases, so that the battery is charged under ideal conditions and there is no Waste of energy, and, too, when the lights are on and more work is demanded of the current it is increased, so that the necessary amount of current goes to the lights without reducing the charging-current to the battery.

We claim as our invention- 1. The combination of an electric generator, a driving element operatively connected to the generator, mechanism for shifting said generator relative to said driving element to vary the speed of said generator, a storage battery in circuit with said generator, and an electrical device controlling the relative movement of said generator and acting upon a variation of the electromotive force of said battery, substantially as set forth.

-2. The combination of an electric generator, a driving element operatively connected to the generator, mechanism for shifting said generator relative to said driving element to vary the speed of the generator, a storage battery in circuit with said generator, and an electrical device controlling said mechanism and connected in shunt with said batterycircuit, and which acts upon a Variation of the electromotive force of said battery, sub stantially as set forth.

3. The combination of an electric generator, a driving element operatively connected to the generator, mechanism for shifting the generator relative to said driving element to Vary the speed of the generator, one or more translating devices, means for placing said translating device or devices in circuit with the generator, and an electrical device controlling said shifting mechanism for the generator and acting when said translating de- Vice or devices are cut in or out of said circuit, substantially as set forth.

4. The combination of an electric generator, a driving element operatively connected to the generator, mechanism for shifting said generator relative to said driving element to vary the speed of said generator, translating devices, means 'for placing said translating devices in circuit with said generator, and an electrical device controlling said shifting mechanism included in said circuit, and acting when said translating devices are cut in or out of said circuit, substantially as set forth.

5. The combination of an electric generator, a driving element operatively connected to the generator, mechanism for shifting said generator relative to said drivingelement to vary the speed of said generator, a storage battery in circuit with said generator, one or more translating devices, means for placing the same in circuit withsaid generator, and an electrical device controlling said shifting mechanism connected in shunt with said battery-circuit and included in said translatingdevice circuit, and which acts upon a variation of the electromotive force of said battery or when said translating devices are cut in or out of said generator-circuit, substantially as set forth.

6. The combination of an electric generator, mechanism for regulating the speed of the generator, 9. storage battery in circuit with said generator, one or more translating devices, means for placing the same in circuit with said generator, and a solenoid controlling said speed-regulating mechanism and having a Winding connected in shunt with said battery-circuit and a winding acting differentially to said shunt-Winding and connected in series with said translating device or devices, substantially as set forth.

7. The combination of an electric generator, mechanism for regulating the speed of the generator, a storage battery in circuit with said generator, one or more translating devices, means for placing said translating device or devices in circuit with said generator, and a solenoid controlling said speedregulating mechanism, said solenoid having \Vitness my hand this 14th day of July, 25 1902.

WILLIAM A. TURBAYNE. Witnesses:

CHAS. W. PARKER, JNo. J. BONNER. Witness my hand this ALBERT S. HUBBARD. Witnesses:

WM. J. ARMSTRONG, WV. BARRINGTON.

21st day of July,

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