US730210A - Salt-brine evaporator. - Google Patents

Description

N0.730,210. PATENTE JU E 2,1903.

H'J'HOLMES. SALT BRINBEVAPORATOR.

APPLIOATIOII'IILED PE 24, 1902.

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APPLICATION FILED FEB. 24, 1902.

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No. 730,210.. PATENTED JUNE 2, 1903.

H. HOLMES.

SALT BRINB BVAPORATOR.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 24. 1902.

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PATENTED JUNE 2, 1903.

H. HOLMES. v SALT BRINB' EVAPORATOR.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 24. 1902.

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' act description of the invention, such as willenable others skilled in the art to which it UNITED STATES Patented Jun'e 2, 1903.

P TENT OFFICE.

HORACE HOLMES, OF STERLING, KANSAS."

SALT-BRIN EVAPO RATO R.

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 730,210, dated June 22, 1903.

' Application filed February 24, 1:902. serial No. 95,207. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1,-HORACE HOLMES, a citi zen of the United States, residing at Sterling,

vented a certain newand useful Improvement in Salt-Brine Evaporators; and I declare the following to be a full, clear, and expertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings,

which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to evaporators, especially evaporators of that class which is used to reduce brine and produce salt therefrom; and it has for its objectimprovements which relate to the construction of the pans and the means of applying heat to the brine contained in the pans, so as to utilize the heat to the greatest extent.

In employing the invention the hot gases rising from combustionare used continuously and repeatedly until almost entirely cool, and

all the heat utilized in the production of va-.

por, and even the vapor itself, is employed and the heat contained in it utilized for 'the.

further evaporation of brine;

The mechanism employed to carry out the invention is shown and described in the following specification and in the accompanying drawings.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a plan view with some of the cover parts broken away.

Fig. 2 is a vertical cross-section ofthe pan 0;

of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a vertical longitudinal section of the pan 0 of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a vertical cross-section of the pan A of Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a side elevation of theraking mech- Fig. 6 is a plan view of the rakingmechanism used Fig. -7 is a side anism used in pans A and B of Fig. 1.

in pans A and B of Fig. 1. elevation of the roller-rake used in pan 0. Fig. 8 is a plan view of the roller-rake mechanism used in pan 0. Fig. 9 isa perspective of the economizer. Fig. 10 is a detail perspective showing the construction of the economizer. Fig. 11 is a section in the plane indicated by the line 11 11, Fig. 9. Fig. 12 is a section in the plane indicated by the line 12 12, Fig. 9. Fig. 13 is a horizontal section -on theline'13 13, Fig. 4..

The apparatus may be described in general terms as consisting of three covered evapo= rating-pans in brickwork setting, with a fur nace for direct heating, with centrifugal fans.

for creating necessary furnace-draft and for drawing off from the second and third pans in the series the vapors therefrom and for supplying to the surfaces of the liquid in the second and third pans a flow of air that is necessary for low-temperature evaporation. There is combined with the pans and these means for producing 'air circulation under and over them a mechanical raking apparatus, which is employed to remove the salt as fast as it is deposited.

Thecomplete evaporator is composed of three parts or pans, each of which is used in.

a manner peculiar to itself, but which together comprise thecomplete mechanism employed to produce the finished product. A plan view of the three parts is seen in Fig. 1, in which pan A and pan B are employed to evaporate the brine by direct furnace-heat, the fire being under the pan A in the arch which supports the pan. The hot gases pass through the bridge-wall into the chamber under the pan B, where they part with a portion of their heat to saidpan, so that in the second pan B the evaporation of brine is'effected by employing the residual heat from the furnace under the pan A, supplemented by a blast of hot air that. is applied to the surface of the brine. In this pan the brine may not reach the boiling-pointg but the residual heat is utilized to produce as higha temperature as is possible." In' the third pan 0 the brine is evaporated by means of heat that is derived from steam-coils, and these coils take their steam from the pan A through a pipe 50, Fig. 1, which extends from the pan A to the pan 0 and extends in coils at the top of the latter. They are aided by any residual heat that may have passed the pan B, as the gases of the combustion'under the pan A are carried under the panO also; but they are carried through tubes, for reasons to be explained. In the pan 0 the heat from the steam-coils and the residual heat are aided by a hot-air blast applied to the surface.

The pan A is preferably rectangular in shape and fiat-bottomed, except for a central longitudinal trough a, in whichthere is contained alink-belt conveyor b. The pan is set the top of the wall 2.

to heat from the steam under the cover.

35 carries two sets of scrapers.

on a double archthat is, has a wall 1 at each sideand the middle of the pan is supported by a thick or double wall 2, and the trough a along the middle line of the pan A is sunk in The pan is provided with a steam-tight cover, made, preferably, of sheet metal and made double, with an interposed layer of some non-conducting material that tends to prevent the rapid radiation of The cover is preferably somewhat smaller than the pan, and its side flanges 3 dip below the surface of the brine in the pan. It is held in position by suspension cables 3",

which run over suitable sheaves and are provided with counterweights to facilitate the handling of the cover. (The sheave and counterweights are not shown in the drawings.) It is intended to handle the cover by any suitable power-driven mechanism,

which it is not thought necessary to show. The salt deposited from the brine in this pan is removed therefrom by a mechanical rake, a plan view of which is seen in Fig. 6. The

rake consists of two pairs of horizontal bars 4 and 4", one pair on each side of the pan, one rod of each pair being located at the top of the pan, where it may be easily connected to any suitable reciprocating part of the machinery, to which are given a reciprocating motion by a pitman connection. These bars are supported by the upper one of each pair resting on roller-brackets 4, and across the pan under them extends a carriage which The carriagebody 5 is itself carried on rollers or wheels 5 and 5, and it has pivoted to the side bars a triangular frame 6, which at the outer end is supported on a wheel 6. The wheel 6,

which is itself on hinged legs, can assume a position in which its stem is vertical with respect to the bottom of the pan, in which case the wheel itself bears on the pan-bottom and the bracket 6 is lifted so that its outeror free 5 end is elevated ,and a scraper-blade 6",which is hung from the outer end, is raised off from the pan-bottom and will be carried over the salt on the pan-bottom without disturbing it.

The parts assume this position automatically when the scraper is drawn to travel in the direction of the arrow 7. At the same time the opposed scraper 6 drops to the pan-bottom and carries forward in front of it the salt on the pan-bottom and drops because the hinged caster-leg 6 yields, the leg bends backward drop. The carriage itself is not connected directly to the draft-rod 4, but is actuated.

by an auxiliary rod 4", that hangs below the draft-rod 4a and below the brackets 4E and is secured to the draft-rod by the hangers 51.

On the carriage is a tilting draw-bar 8, provided with a balance-roll-carrying rider 8?, the roll or Wheel of which rides on the top engagement with the lug t! and swinging.

the end that had previously been to the front '(but which is now about to be at the rear with respect to the movement of the carriage) upward until it engages the lug 4 The car begins to move and the caster-wheel, which is now at the front and which is now 011 from the bottom of the pan, begins to swing to an upright position, because of the engagement of the heel of the caster-leg with the pan, while the caster-wheel that is now at the rear begins to swing upward and the heel of the leg which supports this caster-wheel comes into engagement withthe pan-bottom; but the swinging arm drops and the scraper drops. The scrapers 6 and 6 are set at an angle to the long axis of the pan and force the salt from the sides of the pan inward into the trough a, whence it is carried by the traveling carrier 1) and delivered eventually into a screw conveyer S.

The pan B is like pan A, so far as the construction of the pan itself is concerned, and it also has the same raking attachment and it has a cover substantially the same as that to pan A. Pan 0 is differently constructed, and its construction will be best understood by examining Fig. 2. The bottom of this pan is composed of anumber of deep narrow flat- bottom troughs 11, 12, 13, and 14, which debouch into a transverse trough 15. In the transverse trough is a short screw conveyer S and at the end of the trough a link-belt conveyer E.

The salt from each of the three pans is delivered by the chain conveyer forming a part of the raking mechanism, and each pan has a separate place of delivery.

The pan 0 is supported by the same side walls 1 continued. The intermediate wall, however, is omitted, and the chamber underneath the pan is occupied by flues placed crosswise the furnace, the open ends of which flues communicate at one side of the furnace with a passage communicating with the chamher under the pan B and at the other side of the furnace with a passage, from which the gases are drawn by an exhaust-fan l3" to keep up the draft in the furnace. Opposite the open ends of the fines are stoppered openings 20 for the introduction of fluecleaners. The bottom of the pan C is divided into troughs to give it a greater heat-absorbing surface, and the fines are employed to furnish the greatest possible heat-radiating surface to the gases passing through them. Another object of using the lines at this point is to overcome the difficulties incident to the destructive action or corrosive action of the cooling gases or burned bituminous coal. When these gases fall to a temperature such that the moisture contained in them condenses, they are seriously destructive 'and co'rrosiveto iron, and by receiving the gases into thechamber23 before they have reached this low temperature, them through the less expensive and more easily renewable fines, theirlast heat element can be extracted without injury to the pan.

- The flues which may be injured can be easily and cheaply renewed.

In pan C there arein the pan coils of steampipes 24, to which steam is supplied from the surface of pan A through a pipe 50. The

terminal of the steam-coil 24 extends into a vacuum-pump-25, which tends to produce a constant outflowfrom the pan A and pre-' vents any pressure thereon.

In the pan 0 there is a gathering. apparatus for salt in each of the troughs 11, '12, 13, and 14. This gathering apparatus has a rollerscraperthat is, 'thescraper consists of bladesextending between disk-like terminals which serve as rollers, as seen in Fig. 7. v

The axis of thescraper is mounted on the reciprocating bar 27, and a dog'28engages with the upper sides of 'one'of theqscrape'rs 29 and prevents the scraper from rolling when the bar is drawn in thedirection of the arrow 30, but allows it to rollback without scrapingon the return movement.

The vapor is drawn'from the pans B and O by a centrifugal fan F through the pipes F F? F and is discharged through a heater H, which. I- call an economizer. 'In this the air passing to the pans is heated. This economizer consists of a number of sheets of metal, preferably of galvanized iron, which are arranged to form a series ofrectangularcham.

bers orcells, which are spaced by plates, and each of the cells is open at the two opposite ends. right angles to the first, and the open ends of this cell lie immediately above the closed side of the cell below and intermediately be-' low the closed side of the cell above. The several cells so arranged form acubicalstack, any side of which shows the open ends'of one half the constituent cells alternating with the vertical plates which form the closed sidesof the other half of the cells. 'When two adjacent sides of the stack are provided with suit able separate breechings and a current of air is passed through the stack by means of suitable pipe connections,- each of the sheets of: metal which comprise the stack divides a volume of hot air from an equal volume of cold to produce therein evaporation from the sur-' thence conducting Above one cell is a second arranged at said series, an air-chamber containing removface at a temperature below the boiling-point, means for rapidly renewing the air above the surface-of the brine andmeans for imparting the heat of the air and vapor drivcn'out of said pan to the air before it enters the same.

2. In a brine-evaporator, the combination of a plurality of pans'in a series,a fire-arch under'thefirst of the series to induce therein evaporation by boiling, means for confining and conveying the furnace-gases to and under. the other pans of thejseries to'prodnc'e therein evaporation from the surface ata temperature below the boiling-point, means for supplying the air essential to surface evapo ration to thecovered sngfaces of brine in the later pans of the series, means for drawing off'from said pans the hot saturated vapor arising'from' the contained brine, and means por to the dry air supplied to the said later 7 pans of the series. 1 I v 1 7 3. In a brine-evaporatingplant, in combination with pans arranged to contain the brine tobe evaporated, a'recipr'ocating scraper ar-' rangedto convey the saltof the sidestoward the middle line of each, pan, and an endless stantially 'as' described.

5. Inabrine-evaporator,thejcoinbina'tionof a series'ofpans adapted to hold brine, me ns, for preventing the escapeof steam 'and'vapor f. generated in said pans except through means for conveying it to the lastgpan'of the series, f

means-for conveying thestea mgeneratedin' theflfirst'of a series of pans" to the last pan of; j the-series andtherentilizing it as an auxil f inthe-saidlast pan of'the 'series iary to other means for inducing evaporation; j r

6. In a brine-evaporator,' in'combination with a series'of'pans, afire-arch nnder'the first of-said series, and under the last pan of able metal fines for the conductionof the furnace-gases, and the incidental heating of l the confined air contained: in said chamber and the transmission to the liquid in'thepan i of the heat of said air; the increment'of heat 12 5 thus transmitted from the furnace gasesto the liquid in said pan beingauxiliary tootherj difierently-derived portions of heat usedto promote evaporation of said liquid.

7; In a brine-evaporator, in combinationv with a series of salt-evaporating pans, a cover I arranged to close in each of said pans, a 'fire-. arch under'the first of said; pans, means for. confining the steam generated in the first of 8 5 'for transferring the heat contained in said va- Y 1 'Icef.

said pans and for utilizing it as an auxiliary source of heat in the last pan of the series, a means of confining the vapor in the second second pan, and the steam and residual heat of furnace-gases supplied to the third pan.

In testimony whereof I sign this specificaand third pans of the series, and of utilizing tion in the presence of two witnesses. it to heat the air which is caused to circulate over the surface of the brine in said second and third pans, constituting an evaporative force auxiliary to the fire-heat supplied to the HORACE HOLMES. Witnesses:

R. A. GRAHAM, W. J. SMALL.

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