US727392A - Adding-machine. - Google Patents

Description

N5. 727,392. PATBNTBD MAY 5, 1903,

J. L. LEVIN.

ADDING MACHINE.

APPLIOATIoN FILED MAY 2e, 1902.

No MODEL.

WITNESSES. INVENTOR.

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UNITED STATES Patented May 5, 1903. I

.IUDAH L. LEVIN, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN.

ADDING-MACHINE.

sPncIrIcAfrioN forming# parte? Letters :Patent No. 727,392, dated May 5,1903.

Application filed May 26, 1902.k

To all wtont it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUDAH L. LEvIN, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Detroit, in the county of NVayne and State of Michigan, have invented vcertain new and useful Improvements in Adding-Machines, of which the following is a-specitication, refer'- ence being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to new and useful improvements in adding-machines, and has for its object to make a machine which shall be cheap, simple of operation, and capable of addition or subtraction, and in which the parts shall be locked at each and every step,

so that there may be no error due to lost mo-V tion of the parts or the too-rapid manipulation of the machine, and in which the keys only of a higher denomination are capable of being adected by the key in operation, those of a lower denomination remaining unaffected;

To this end the invention consists of a series of shafts carrying wheels or vgears arranged in pairs on the adjacent shafts, the wheels of both pairs being preferably fast on one shaft and sleeved upon the other shaft, the fast and loose wheels on the same shaft having a ratchet-and-pawl connection with each other, whereby upon each complete revolution of the shaft of lesser denomination a one-tenth revolution is imparted to the loose wheels on the next adjacent shaft of higher denomination and through the medium of said ratchet-and-pawl connection to the fast wheels thereon, which with each complete revolution imparts a one-tenth revolution to the next adjacent shaft of higher denomination, and so on throughout the machine, the notch and tooth on the fast wheels being so arranged in relation to each other and in relation tothe scallops and teeth of the loose wheels respectively, that when the scalloped wheel is in engagement with the notch of the fast wheel, which is only at 9 and O, the tooth of the fixed gear-wheel prevents the scalloped wheel from turning through the medium of a loose gear iixedly secured in relation to said scalloped wheel, and when the tooth of the fixed gear-wheel is not in engagement with the loose gear-wheel, which occurs always except at 9 and 0, the scallops of the scalloped wheel it the periphsain 110.108,934. (Nomaden ery of the fixed wheel and prevent' the key under manipulation from affecting the next adjacent key t'o the right of lesser denomination,while the next adjacent key to the left of greater denomination is'free to be affected with each complete revolution. Thus only the keys of higher numerical value are' affected, While those of lesser value remain unaffected in the manipulation of the machine, whether in addition or subtraction.

The invention consists, further, in the peculiar construction, arrangement, and jcombination of parts, all as more fully hereinafter 'described,and shown in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is aplan view of my machine with the cover removed, showing one of the keys in horizontal section. Fig. 2 is a front elevation thereof, the casing being broken away to better show the interior parts along the line a z, Fig. l; and Fig. 3, ai plan View showinga modified form.

VAs shown inthe drawings, Ais the casing, provided with the front and rear walls B C, in which are j ournaled the series of parallellyarranged horizontal shafts D, carrying the number-carrying wheels E 'and Ibeginning with the right representing units, tens, hundreds, thousands, tens of thousands, dac.

F represents wheels fast upon the shafts by means of set-screws H passing through the hubs I, andv G represents wheels of slightlylarger` diameter secured to the sides of the V'wheels' or formed integral therewith. The

wheels F are formed with notched or cut-out portions con opposite sides, and the wheels G with a corresponding set of teeth b in dia metrical line therewith.

'J K are gear-wheels sleeved upon the shafts, each preferably formed with twenty teeth, and L represents Wheels also sleeved on said shafts intermediate said gear-wheels, all of said wheels being secured together in any suitable manner. I

c represents scallops, preferably twenty in number, formed in the edge of the wheel L and adapted to tit the peripheryof the wheel F, so' that the wheel L can only be turned by the operation of its own key when the notch c of the wheel F registers therewith and then only through the space of one tooth, the wheel F -bein g free to rotate all the time. The teeth IOO of the gears J, with which the teeth on the wheel G are adapted to mesh, are preferably formed with oppositelyinclined ends d, so that when the notch a on the wheel F is in position for permitting the turning of the wheel L (which is only at 9 and 0) the inclined ends of the teeth will engage against the end of the tooth h, with the inclined end d parallel with the outer face of the tooth h, as shown in Fig. 2, and prevent the wheel from turning, so that in no position of the parts are the wheels capable of transmitting motion to the next adjacent shaft or key of lower denomination,V

but at the same time are always free to receive motion from said key or to permit the operation of either key.

M is a spring-backed pawl carried by the disk or wheel G and pivotally mounted thereon and coperating with the teeth ofthe wheel K, so that as motion is imparted to the loose wheels J K L on the neXt shaft of higher denomination by the tooth h on the gear G to the right meshing with the teeth of the gear J it will in turn impart a corresponding motion to the key or shaft upon which said loose gears are mounted through the medium of said ratchet-and-pawl engagement with the fixed wheels, the power to turn the shaft not being sufficient to lift the pawl out of engagement with the ratchet-teeth. The pawl thus performs two functions-that is, it centers the 'parts at each twentieth of a revolution and forms the means for transmitting motion from the loose to the fixed wheels on the shaft. It will of course be understood that the position of the ratchet-teeth and pawl may be reversed Without aecting the invention-that is, the pawl carried by the loose member and the gear by the fixed member-as also might the position of the loose and fixed wheels.

It will be noticed that I have twenty teeth or scallops upon all of the wheels J K L and two upon each of the wheels F G, two sets of numbers from O to 9 being provided on all of the number-carrying wheels, so that for each half-revolution of the shaft the next adjacent shaft will be turned through the space of one number, which numbers are displayed through openings N in the front of the casing.

O represents circular plates carrying like sets of numbers secured to the front of the machine and provided with central aportures through which the key-shaft passes and with stops e, the numbers on one half of the plate being preferably colored different from the other half or set, so that for addition the key is turned one way and for subtraction the other way, although if a person wishes he may make more than a half-revolution of the machine without affecting the accuracy of the machine.

P represents disks fast upon the shafts and provided with scallops corresponding in number to those of the numbers, and Q is a knurled knob sleeved on the end of the shaft, a suitable coil-spring f being sleeved on the shaft intermediate said knob and disk to hold said knob away, and gis an arm carried by said knob adapted to engage the scallops of said disk when the knob is depressed, said arm at the same time forming a shoulder to engage the stops c and prevent the parts from turning too far, so that in the operation of the machine should it be desired to indicate 40 on the machine the operator takes the second key from the right (see Fig. 2) and engages it with the scallops at the numeral 4c and turns it toward the bottom until it engages the stop e, whenthe numeral will appear in the opening.

My machine in its simplest form will of course have but ten instead of twenty numbers on each dial and a corresponding number of teeth on each gear, necessitating the turning of a complete revolution of one shaft before a one-tenth revolution is imparted to the neXt, and it will be noticed that none of the wheels are fastened to the casing in any way, but are held from rotation by each other.

As there are times in which all of the keys must turn through the medium of the springratchets at once, the springs in the machines havinga large numberof keys must be made rather heavy, which prevents an easy working of the machine, and in order to overcome this objection I have devised a modified construction (shown in Fig. 3) in which the shafts are positively actuated by the gears J G, fast and loose upon their respective shafts and provided with teeth similar t0 the gears J G, which gears could be dispensed with, as the ratchet-andpawl connection would only act to center the parts at each tooth.

I-Iaving thus fully described my invention, what I claim is- 1. In an adding-machine the combination with the shafts and actuating means therefor, of two pairs of wheels on each of said shafts, one pair coperating to receive m0- tion from the next adjacent shaft to the right and to .prevent a retrograde movement and the other pair coperating to impart movement tothe next adjacent shaft to the left at predetermined intervals and to prevent a retrograde movement and a ratchet-and-pawl connection between said pairs of wheels on the same shaft, for actuating the one through the other.

2. In an adding-machine the combination of a series of shafts and actuating means therefor, each shaft provided with a pair of loose and fast wheels, the fast wheels on one shaft coperating with the loose wheels on the next adjacent shaft and a ratchet-and-pawl connection between the two sets of wheels and actuating the one through the other.

3. The combination with a series of shafts of two sets of wheels on each shaft, one set being loose upon the shaft and adapted to re- IOO IIO

ceive motion from the next lower shaft and the other set being fast upon the shaft and adapted to transmit motion tothe next higher shaft, and a ratchet-and-pawl connection between the two sets whereby the loose set is adapted to transmit motion in one direction to the fast set and means for preventing the fixed set from receiving any motion back.

i. In an adding-machine the combination with a series of shafts, each shaft provided with a pair of loose and a pair of fast wheels, the loose wheels adapted to mesh or coperate with a set of fixed wheels on the next shaft of lower denomination and the fixed wheels to coperate with the loose wheels on the next adjacent shaft of higher denomination, whereby each complete revolution of the lower shaft imparts a one-tenth revolution to the loose gear on the next highershaft and a ratchet-and-pawl connection between the two sets of wheels whereby the loose gears actuate the fast gears upon said shaft.

5. In an adding-machine the combination with the casing, of aseries of shafts, provided with wheels arranged in pairs one of each pair having scallops to fit the periphery of the adjacent wheels and the other provided with diametrically oppositely disposed cutout portions to permit the other wheel to rotate through the space of one tooth and a second pair of gears or wheels on said shafts cooperating with said first-mentioned wheels to prevent the latter of the first-mentioned wheels from turning when said cut-out portion is in position to permit the turning of the first-mentioned wheel.

G. In an adding-machine the combination with the supporting frame or casing of a series of shafts provided with wheels arranged in pairs one of each pair having diametrically oppositely disposed cut-out portions and the other having scallops to fit the periphery of said wheel and prevent the scalloped wheel from turning except when in engagement with said cut-out portions and a second set of wheels cooperating with said first-mentioned wheels to prevent the same from turning when in their operative position except through the medium of the shaft of lower denomination.

7. The combination with a series of shafts carrying the number-wheels and means for operating the shafts, of two pairs of wheels on said shafts, one pair fixed and adapted to transmit motion to the higher shaft and the other pair loose and adapted to receive motion from the lower shaft and means for actuating the one through the other.

8. In an adding-machine, a series of shafts and a corresponding series of fixed and loose wheels arranged in pairs on said shafts, the loose wheels co peratin g with the fixed-wheels on the next adjacent shaft ofV lower denomination and the fixed wheels cooperating with the loose wheels on the next adjacent shaft of higher denomination and a ratchet-and-pawl connection between said fixed and loose wheels on the same shaft.

9. In an adding-machine, the combination with a series of shafts; of a pair of fixed and a pair of loose Wheels on each shaft, the loose wheels on one shaft in alinement respectively with the fixed wheels on the next adjacent shaft to the right and adapted to coperate therewith and the fixed wheels on said shaft in alinement respectively with the loose wheels on the next adjacent shaft to the left and adapted to coperate therewith and means for transmitting motion from the loose to the fixed wheels on the same shaft and to the next adjacent shaft.

10. The combination withaseries of shafts, and operating means therefor, of a pair of loose and a pair of fast wheels on each shaft, the loose wheels adapted to mesh or coperate with a set of fixed wheels on the next shaft to the right and the fixed wheels to coperate with the loose wheels on the next adjacent shaft to the left whereby each complete revolution of the lower shaft imparts a one-tenth revolution to the loose gear on the next higher shaft and a ratchet-and-pawl connection between the two sets of wheels whereby the loose gears actuate the fast gears upon said shaft in one direction only and transmit motion to the next adjacent shaft of higher denomination at predetermined intervals.

ll. The combination with the casing of a series of shafts, each shaft carrying a number-wheel having a duplicate set of numbers from 0 to 9 adapted to be displayed through openings in the casing a corresponding set of fixed numbers on the casing, a disk fast on each shaft and having a correspond ing number of scallops, a knob sleeved. on the shaft and having a ,finger adapted to engage said scallops, a spring sleeved on the shaft, adapted to normally hold said finger out of engagement with the scallops and a stop to limit the combined movement of said finger and disk.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JUDAH LEVIN.

Witnesses:

JACOB LEvIN, Oruro F. BARTHEL.

IOC

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