US725439A - Turbine-engine. - Google Patents

Description

PATBNTBD"APR- 14, 1903.

J. A. GROSHON.

TUBBINE ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 2l. 1902.

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No. 725,439. PATLNTLD AI RI4,1903. J. A. GRosIIoN.

TURBINE ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 21, 1902.A

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No. 725,439. PATENTBD APR. 14, 1903. J. A. GRosHoN. TURBINE ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 21, 1902.

N0 MODEL. 4 SHEETS-SHEET 3- No. 725,439. PATENTED APR. 14, 1903.

J. A. GROSHON. l

TURBINE ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 21, 1902.

X0 MODEL. 4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

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JOHN A; cRosHoN,' orpNEw YoRK,.N. Y.

TU RBINE-v-ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters lratent No.`725`,439, dated April 14, 1903.

"Application liled July 21,1902.

The invention relates toimprovements in` turbine-engines; audit consists in the. novel features, arrangement, `and combinationsof parts hereinafter described, and particularly pointed out in the claims.

The object of the inventionis to produce aI comparatively inexpensive formY of turbine-` engine in which the power may be generated with an economical use of steam;

In carrying myinvention into effect I provide an exterior casing through which the shaft to be driven passes, and upon thisshaft I provide a series of wheels against which the steam acts on its passage from the source ofsupply to the exhaust, these Wheels being alternately arranged and provided with blades arranged at proper anglesA for the action of the steam, each alternate wheel being fast u pon the said shaft to rotate therewith and the other wheels being free'on said shaft and arranged to rotate oppositely to thedirection of motion of the said shaft, but to aid in eecting the rotation of said shaft in the proper direction. The exterior casing is rigid and preferably subdivided into a series .of compartments or'steam-chambers by means ofpartitions containing ports for 'the' passage ofthe steam and each compartment or chamber containing two of the aforesaid wheels, one keyed upon the shaft and the other free there'- of to rotate in a reverse direction thereto and geared to the wheel which is fast upon the shaft.

The in vention will be fully understood from the detailed description hereinaftery presented, reference beinghad to the accompanying drawings, in Which'- k Figure lis a central vertical longitudinal section through a turbine-engine constructed in accordance with and embodying the inven-y tion. Fig.r 2 isa central horizontal longitudinal section of same. Fig. 3 is an end view,

partly broken away and partly in section, of same, the sectional portion of Fig. 3 being on the dotted line 3 3 of Fig. 2. Fig.\4 is a deserti-'Nol 116,309. (No man.)

tached view, partly broken away, of vone of the dividing-partitions of the en gine-casing. Fig. 5 is a detached central vertical section on the dotted line 5 'of Fig. 7 of one of the wheels adapted for reverse rotation on the engineshaft, this being the right-hand wheel looking at Fig. 1. Fig. 6 isa sectional View of same, taken on the semicircular dotted line 6 6 of Fig. 7; and Fig. 7 is a. face View of same.

In the drawings, 20k denotes asuitable supporting frame or base, upon which the extei rior casing of the engine-ismounted, said exterior casingbeing rigid and preferably comprising the kheads 2122 and intermediate cylindrical sections 23 24, said sections 23 24 being secured' together by bolts 25 and said section 23 havingat itsl outer end the head 21, secured to itfby bolts 26, while the outer of the -section 23 ,and the head 2l is secured,

by means of the aforesaid bolts 26, the partition 32, containing the seriesy of, ports .33, leading from the supply-.chamber 34 in the head 2l tothe aforesaid chamber 30 Within the casing 23. The head 2.1, containing the chamberr34, isv provided with a suitable inlet .35, Fig. 2, for the steam, and the chamber within the head 22 is provided with the suitable exhaust-passage `36.-

At the 'outer ends of the heads 2l 22 are provided suitable glands 37 for the shaft 38 to be driven, and the said shaft 38 has mounted upon it within the chambers 30 31 the wheels 39 40 and 4l 42, respectively, the I wheels 39 41 beingkeyed rupon' the shaft 38 to rotate therewith and the Wheels 4042 being mounted upon sleeves, as hereinafter described, encompassing and free of said-shaf t The wheels 39 and 41 each have a hub 43 keyed upon the shaft 38, a vertical flanged portion 44, to which is secured by screws a circular rack or gear-wheel 45, and two horizontal concentric ring portions 46, between which are the V-shaped blades 47, all in series, extending entirely around the said wheels 4l, respectively, in line with the ports 33 and 29 in the partitions 32 and 28, the purpose being that the steam passing through the said ports 29 shall strike the blades 47 of the said wheels 39 and 41 and cause the latter to rotate and drive the shaft 38, the said steam striking the right-hand sectionv of the blades 47 at an angle where said sections join the left-hand sections of said blades, the latter serving to direct the steam to its place of contact against the right-hand sections of said blades, the latter after said contact directing the steam in a reverse direction to the wheels 40 42, whose blades 48 correspond exactly with the blades of the wheels 39 and 4l, but are reversely arranged thereto, as illustrated in Fig. 2.

The wheels 40 42 have their blades 48 between the concentric horizontal ring portions 49 50 and are 'formed with the iange or plate section 51, to which is secured by screws the circular rack or gear-wheel 53, corresponding exactly with the racks or gear-wheels 45, secured to the wheels 39 and 41. The wheels 40 42 have their hubs 54 loosely mounted upon sleeves 55, which are upon rbut do not turn with the shaft 38, the right-hand end of the sleeve 55 for the wheel 40 (looking at Fig. 1) being pinned to the hub 56 of the partition 28 and the outer end of the sleeve 55 for the wheel 42 being pinned to the hub 57, extend-1 ing inwardly from the head 22`and encompassing the shaft 38. The inner ends of the sleeves 55 are intermediate the Harige-plate portions 44 and 51 of the wheels 39 40 and 41 42, as shown in Fig. l, and upon the said inner ends of said sleeves 55 are mounted upon pins the rotatable gear-wheels or pinions 58, which engage the racks or gears 45 and 53 of said wheels 39 40 and 41 42, as shown in Fig. 1, the said pinions 58, while capable. of rotating, heilig otherwise stationary with the sleeves 55, which cannot rotate with or upon the shaft 38. The hubs 54 of the wheels 40 42 are capable of rotationupon the sleeves 55 without interfering with the rotation of thc wheels 39 41 with the shaft 38, it being the purpose that the wheels 40 and 42 shall rotate in a direction reversely to the direc` tion of motion ofthe wheels 39 41 and shaft 38.

During the operation of -the engine the steam may have a tendency to press the wheels 40 42 toward the right, (looking at Fig. 1,) and hence I interpose between the end of the hub 54 of the wheel 40 and the adjoining end of the hub 56 of the partition 28 and between the end of the hub 54 of the wheel 42 and the adjacent end of the hub 57 antifriction devices comprising in each instance the loose sleeves 59 60, inclosing within a suitable chamber between their facing edges the series of balls 61,`so that in the event of undue friction being created the sleeves 59 may turn with the wheels 40 42 and against the balls 61, thereby reducing the friction which otherwise might exist.

The shaft 38 is hollow and communicates by suitable ports, as shown in Fig. 1, with the inner surfaces of the sleeves 55 and 56 and the sleeve or hub portion of the head 21, thereby to lubricate the said shaft and the parts mounted upon or connect-ed with it.

In the drawings I illustrate an engine employing two pairsof the wheels 39 40 and 41 42, but do not limit the invention to the use of two pairs of the said wheels, since one pair of the` wheels would embody a portion of the invention, and more than two pairs of the wheels may be employed, if desired, the addition of eXtra pairs of wheels simply necessitating the addition of additional partitions and sections t0 the engine-easing- I prefer that each pair of wheels used in the engine may present about double the effective area of the preceding pair of wheels in series and that the cham ber 31 shall be about double the cubic area of Vthe chamber 30. In the present instance I provide six ports 33 in the partition 32, while in the partition 28 I provide twelve ports 29 for directing the steam to the wheels 41 42.

In the operation of the engine the steam will be admitted through the passage 35 to the chamber 34, formed by the head 21, and will thence pass through the ports 33 against the inclined blades of the wheel 39, causing the latter to rotate and drive the shaft 38. Upon the steam striking the right-hand portion of the blades of the wheel 39. to effect the rotation of said wheel the steam will by IDO means of said blad es be deiiected and directed i against the right-hand portion of the inclined blades of the wheel'40, with the result that since the blades of the wheel 40 are reversely arranged to the blades of the wheel 39 the wheel 40 will be compelled to rotate in adirection reversely to the direction of motion of the wheel 39and shaft 38. After the steam strikes and acts upon the blades of the wheel 40 it will by saidblades be deiiected into the general steam-chamber 30, whence it will pass through the series of ports 29 inthe partition. 28 and strike the right-hand portions ol' the blades 47 of the wheel 41, thereby causing said wheel to rotate and communicate its motion to the shaft 38, and after contacting with the right-hand portion of the blades of the wheel 41 the steam will by said blades be delected and directed against the right-hand portion of the reversely-arranged blades of the wheel 42 and cause said wheel to rotate in a direction reversely to the direction of motion of the wheel 41 and shaft 38, and thereupon the steam leaving the blades of the wheel 42 will pass into the general exhaustchamber 31,formed in the section 24 of the engine-casing and in the cap 22 at the end ot' said casing. During the rotation of the wheels IIO izo

39 and 41` the blad'es thereof will be carried by the series of `ports 33 29, respectively, and all of saidl blades will be supplied with the steam from said ports, said ports constituting, in eect, nozzles for directing the steam against the blades of said wheels. The oppositely-rotating Wheels 40 42 are employed to `aid the wheels 39 41 in driving the shaft 38, and this feature of the operation will now be described. The irst Wheel 39 will while rotating set in motion through its gear 45 the; pinion-wheels 58, disposed intermediate the"l `wheels 39 40, and the rotation of these pinionwheels (said Wheels being in mesh with the rack or gear-wheel 53 of the wheel 40) willv have the effect of rotating in lareverse direction the said Wheel 40, While at the Sametime, the steam which strikes the Wheel 40 has the;

effect of rotating said wheel in its direction of motion reversely to that of the-wheel 39. The rotation of-the wheel 4Q is thuseffected, rst, by the rotation of the wheel 39 through the intermediate gearing, and, second,by the direct contact of the steamwith 4the `blades of said wheel 40, the steam being depended uponfto rotate the Wheel 40 and the wheel 40 being dependeduponto aid, through the intermediate gearing, in driving the wheel 39, so that the powerof the wh`eelv40, though said wheel is traveling reversely to the direction of motion of the wheely 39, may be utilized proper movement, the steam being primarily depended upon Ato drive the wheels 39 40 inopposite directions and the wheel 39 through the pinions 58 aiding the wheels 40 in their movement, while the -wheels 40 through the intermediate Y gearing communicate their power to the Wheels 39 for drivingfthe same.4v

The wheels 41 y42- are gearedtogether-in the same manner as the wheels 39 and 40 are geared together, and they operate in the same manner as the wheels `39 40, the wheelI 41-,aiding in the rotation of thevwheels 42 and:

ythe power of the wheel 42 being transmitted through the intermediate gearing to the wheel;

4l for driving'the same. The purpose of'increasing the area of the second pair of wheels 41 42 `is to enable the steam, although having already acted on the first pair of lwheels 39 40, to have the same effective force when ap` plied to the wheels 41 42 as it had whenapplied to the wheels 39 40. For illustration, if the steam is aty one hundred `and 'fifty pounds pressure to the. square inchfwhen applied to the wheels 39 40 it willprobably .have a pressure of seventy-fivepounds to the square inch when striking the wheels 4l 42, and hence witlrthe `decrease of pres-j sure in steam due to itscontinued use I inf crease the area of the wheels Asucceedingtthe rst pair of wheels in accordance with such decrease of pressure in the steam, whereby I; am enabled to effectively use the steam `un-` til its force has become exhausted. Itwill be observed that the chamber 31 is ofl greater cubic area than .the chamber 30, 'the steam passing from this chamber 30 to the wheels of greater area 41 42. If additional chambers and additional wheels were added to the end of the engine, the chambers and wheels should have anvincreasing area in series, so that after each useof the steam it would pass into a chamber of larger area than before and engage wheels of larger area than the preceding Wheels.

I regardthe special construction of wheels 39 40 41 42,- having the approximately V- shaped blades, as ofgreat importance `owing to their efficiency in use; but I do not limit my invention in every respect to the special construction of the said wheels shown, since within the scope of my inventionthe formand construction of said wheels may be varied;

What I claim as my invention, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is- Y y 1. The turbine-engine comprising the eXterior inclosing casing having thesupply and exhaust, and the shaft extending through said casing,combined with thepairofwheelson said shaft withinV said casing and having the re-` versely-arranged blades,gearingsubstantially as described disposed within said casing inter mediate and connecting said Wheels so that the motion of one wheel mayv becommunicated to the other wheel, and means for directing the steam against theblades -of one wheel, whence it will passito the` blades of the other wheel, one of saidwhee'ls being fast on said shaftl to rotate therewith and drive the same,

and the otherof v-said wheelsA being looseon 2.* The turbine-engine comprisingthe erite-` rior4 inclosing casing, the shaft, and supply and exhaust for steam, combined withY the pair of wheels on said shaft and-having-the reversely-arranged I approximately V #shaped blades, gearing connecting saidy wheels so that lthemotion of onefwheel' may be communicated to the other wheel, and means for directing the steam against theblades-of lone.

wheel,lwhence it willpass to the blades of theother wheel, one of lsaidwheels being fast -on'vsaid vshaft to lrotate therewith, and the other 4of said wheelsbeing loose on said shaft l to rotate reversely theretogfsubstantially las set forth. Y A l i 3. The turbine-engine comprising the extei rior inclosing casing, the shaft, and supply andexhaust for steam, combined `with the pair of-whe`els onfsaid shaft and havinglre-A on said wheels,lthe pinion-wheelsengaging ISO versely-arranged blades, the circulanr racks recting the steam against the blades of one wheel, whence it will pass to the blades of the other wheel, one of said wheels being fast on said shaft to rotate therewith, and the other of said wheels being loose on said shaft t0 rotate reversely thereto; substantially as set forth.

4E. The turbine-engine comprising the exterior inclosing casing, the shaft, and supply and exhaust for steam, combined with the pair of wheels on said shaft and having reversely-arranged blades, the circular racks on the facing sides of said wheels, the pinionwheels confined between said wheels and in mesh with said racks for transmitting the motion of one wheel to the other wheel, a stationary sleeve on said shaft supporting said pinion-wheels, and means for directing the steam against the blades of one wheel, whence it will pass to the blades of the other wheel, one of said wheels being fast on said shaft to rotate therewith, and the other of said wheels being loose on said shaft to rotate reversely thereto; substantially as set forth.

5. The turbine-engine comprising` the exterior inclosing casing,the shaft, and supply and exhaust for steam, combined with the pair of wheels on said shaft and having the hub, flange or plate portion, concentric rings and series of blades between said rings, the blades of one wheel being arranged reversely to the blades of the other wheel, the circular racks on the said flange or plate portions of said wheels, the pinion-wheels engaging said racks and confined between said wheels for transmitting the motion of one wheel to the other wheel, a stationary sleeve on said shaft supporting said pinion-wheels, and means for directing the steam against the blades of one wheel, whence it will pass to the blades of the other wheel, one of said wheels being fast on said shaft to rotate therewith, and the other of said wheels being loose on said shaft to rotate reversely thereto; substantially as set forth.

(l. The turbine-engine comprising the exteriorinclosing casing,the shaft, and supply and exhaust for steam, combined with the pair of wheels on said shaft and having the hub, flange or plate portion, concentric rings and series of approximately V-shaped blades between said rings, the blades of one wheel being arranged reversely to the blades of the other wheel, the circular racks on the said flange or plate portions of said wheels, the pinion-wheels engaging said racks and confined between said wheels for transmitting the motion of one wheel to the other wheel, a stationary sleeve on said shaft supporting said pinion-wheels, and means for directing the steam against the blades of one wheel, whence it will pass to the blades of the other wheel, one of said wheels being fast on said shaft to rotate therewith, and the other of said wheels being loose on said shaft to rotate reversely thereto; substantiall57 as set forth.

7. The turbine-engine comprising the exterior inclosing casing having the supply for steam at one end and the exhaust at the other end, and the shaft extending through said casing, combined with the pair of wheels on said shaft within said casing and having the reverselyarranged blades, gearing within said casing independent of said shaft and directly connectingsaid wheels so that the motion of one wheel may be communicated to the other wheel, and means for directing the steam against the blades of one wheel, whence it will pass to the blades of the other wheel, one of said wheels being fast on said shaft to rotate therewith and drive the same, and the other of said wheels being loose on said shaft to rotate reversely thereto and communicate its motion through said gearing to the said wheel fast on said shaft; substantially as set forth.

8. The engine comprising the exterior rigid casing, the shaft, and supply and exhaust for steam, combined with a pair ofdriving-wheels on said shaft within said casing and having reversely-arranged approximately V-shaped blades, one of said wheels being fast on said shaft to rotate therewith and. the other of said wheels being loose on said shaft to rotate reversely thereto, means for supplying the steam to the blades of one of said wheels whence it will pass to and act upon the blades of the other wheel, and means for communicating power from the wheel rotating with the shaft to the wheel rotating in an opposite direction and from said oppositely rotating wheel to the Wheel fast on said shaft; substantially as set forth.

9. The turbine-engine comprising the exterior inclosing casing having at one end the supply-chamber for steam and supply-inlet thereto, and at the other end the exhaustchamber and outlet therefrom, the partition 32 separating said supply-chamber from the general chamber of the engine and having the series of circularly-arran ged ports 33 leading from said supply-chamber to said general chamber, and the shaft extending through said casing, combined with the pair of wheels on said shaft in said general chamber close to said partition and having the reversely-arranged blades in line with said Yports to receive the steam therefrom, gearing within'said casing independent of said shaft and directly connecting said wheels so that the motion of one wheel may be communicated to the other wheel, one of said wheels being fast on said shaft to rotate therewith and drive the same, and the other of said wheels being loose on said shaft to rotate reversely thereto and communicate its motion through said gearing to the said wheel fast on said shaft; substantially7 as set forth.

l0. The engine comprising the exterior rigid casing, the shaft, and supply and exhaust for steam, combined with the series of driving-wheels on said shaft within said casing and having the reversely-arranged ap- IOO proximately V-shaped blades, the alternate wheels being free on said shaft to rotate oppositely thereto, and the other wheels being fast on said shaft, and all of said wheels being exposed to the action of the steam on its passage from the supply to the exhaust, and means for communicating 'power from the wheels rotating with the shaft to the wheels rotating in an opposite direction and from said oppositely-rota'ting Wheels to the wheels fast on said shaft; substantially as set forth.

11. The engine comprising the exterior casing, the shaft, the supply and exhaust for steam, and the partitions subdividing the interior of said casing into communicating chambers of increasing cubic area in series toward the exhaust, combined with the Wheels in pairs on said shaft in said chambers and having the reversely-arranged blades to be acted on by the steam on its passage to the exhaust for driving said shaft, one Wheel of each pair being fast on said shaft to rotate therewith and the other wheel being free on said shaft to rotate reversely thereto, and means for communicating power from the Wheels rotating with the shaft to the wheels rotating in an opposite direction and from said oppositely-rotating Wheels to the Wheels fast ou said shaft, said wheels increasing in area toward said exhaust; substantially as set forth; Y

12. The engine comprising the exterior casing, the shaft, the supply and exhaust for steam, and the partitions subdividing the interior of said casing into communicating chambers of increasing cubic area in series toward the exhaust, combined .with the wheels in pairs on said shaft in said chambers and having the reversely-arranged approximately V-shaped blades to be acted on by the steam on its passage to the exhaustfor driving said shaft, one wheel of each pair being fast on said shaft to rotate therewith and the other wheel being free on said shaft to rotate reversely thereto, and means for communicating power from the wheels rotating with the shaft to the Wheels rotating in an opposite direction and from said oppositelyrotating wheels to the Wheels fast on said shaft, said wheels increasing in area toward said exhaust; substantially as set forth.

13. The engine comprising the exterior casing, the shaft, the supply and exhaust for steam, and the partitions subdividing the interior of said casing into communicating chambers of increasing -cubic area in series toward saidexhanst,said partitions havingthe series of ports extending directly through them, combined with the wheels in pairs on said shaft in said chambers and having the reversely-arranged blades to be acted on by the steam on its passage to the exhaust for driving said shaft,one wheel of each pair being fast on said shaft to rotate therewith and the other wheel being free onsaid shaft to rotate reversely thereto, and means for communicating power from the Wheels rotating with the shaft to the wheels rotating in an opposite direction and from said oppositely-rotating wheels to the Wheels fast on said shaft, said wheels increasing in area toward said exhaust, and said blades and said ports being in line with each other so that the said ports may direct the steam against a series of said blades; substantially as set forth.

14. The engine comprising the casing, the shaft, the supply and exhaust for steam, and the partitions subdividing the interior of said casing into communicating chambers of increasing cubic area in series toward the exhaust, combined withy the driving-Wheels in pairs on said shaft in said chambers and having the reversely-arranged blades to be acted on by the steamon its passage tothe exhaust, one wheel of each pair being fast on said shaft and the other Wheel being free on said shaft to rotate reversely thereto, and means for communicating the power of the reversely-rotating wheels to the said shaft, said Wheels increasing in area toward said exhaust; substantially as set forth.

15. The engine comprising the casing, theshaft, the supply and exhaust for steam, and

the partitions subdividing the interior of said casing into communicating chambers of increasing cubic area in series toward the exhaust, said partitions having the series of ports extending directly through them, combined with the driving-Wheels in-pairs on saidy shaft .in said chambers and having the reversely-arranged blades to be acted on by the steam on its passage to the exhaust, one wheel of each pair being fast on said shaft and the other wheel being free on said shaft to rotate reversely thereto, and means for communicating the power of the reversely-rotating wheels to the said shaft, said Wheels increasing in area toward said exhaust, and the said ports in said partitions and said blades being in line with each other so that thesaid ports may direct the steam against a series of said blades; substantially as set forth.

Signed at New York, in the county of New .York and State of New York, this 19th day of July, A. D. 1902.

JOHN A. GROSHON.

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