US7214719B2 - Chemical reaction and separation method - Google Patents
Chemical reaction and separation method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US7214719B2 US7214719B2 US10/965,660 US96566004A US7214719B2 US 7214719 B2 US7214719 B2 US 7214719B2 US 96566004 A US96566004 A US 96566004A US 7214719 B2 US7214719 B2 US 7214719B2
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- membrane
- reaction
- water
- process according
- mixture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related, expires
Links
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- BFRXZIMAUMUZJH-UHFFFAOYSA-M [OH-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BFRXZIMAUMUZJH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical group [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims 1
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052665 sodalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000019795 sodium metasilicate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003889 chemical engineering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- 238000005373 pervaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011299 Brassica oleracea var botrytis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000003259 Brassica oleracea var. botrytis Species 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
- B01J35/58—Fabrics or filaments
- B01J35/59—Membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0039—Inorganic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0051—Inorganic membrane manufacture by controlled crystallisation, e,.g. hydrothermal growth
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/10—Supported membranes; Membrane supports
- B01D69/108—Inorganic support material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/02—Inorganic material
- B01D71/0213—Silicon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/008—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material; Processes to increase or to retard the rate of reaction
- B01J8/009—Membranes, e.g. feeding or removing reactants or products to or from the catalyst bed through a membrane
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/20—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles with liquid as a fluidising medium
- B01J8/22—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles with liquid as a fluidising medium gas being introduced into the liquid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
- C07C1/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon
- C07C1/04—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
- C07C1/0485—Set-up of reactors or accessories; Multi-step processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C7/00—Purification; Separation; Use of additives
- C07C7/144—Purification; Separation; Use of additives using membranes, e.g. selective permeation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/08—Specific temperatures applied
- B01D2323/081—Heating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2323/00—Details relating to membrane preparation
- B01D2323/08—Specific temperatures applied
- B01D2323/082—Cooling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
- B01J2229/60—Synthesis on support
- B01J2229/64—Synthesis on support in or on refractory materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
- B01J2229/60—Synthesis on support
- B01J2229/66—Synthesis on support on metal supports
Definitions
- the present invention is directed to a process for performing a chemical reaction, to a process for separating water from a mixture containing water, to a membrane suitable for such processes and to a process for preparing a membrane.
- Separating of water from mixtures thereof, more in particular with H 2 , CO, CO 2 , CH 4 and higher alkanes, is also very important, more in particular in case the other component(s) need(s) to be dry, for example for further reaction or use.
- Separation can be based on several principles. With a hydrophilic membrane, it is possible to separate water from for example a mixture of water and an organic component. The separation principle is based on the preference of the membrane for adsorbing water. Also separation on size is possible, when the components to be separated are small enough in kinetic diameter to migrate through the zeolite pores and the components from which they have to be separated have a kinetic diameter that is too large.
- the kinetic diameter can be understood as the diameter of a pore needed to let that specific molecule pass. Water has a kinetic diameter of 2.65 ⁇ , even smaller than that of hydrogen. Thus separation based on geometry is possible, when one finds a zeolite with a pore size large enough to enable water to pass and to exclude hydrogen and other larger molecules. It was generally assumed that 6-membered rings were unsuitable for this type of separation.
- the invention is based on the surprising discovery that it is possible to continuously separate water from reaction mixtures, more in particular Fischer-Tropsch reaction mixtures, by the use of a hydroxy sodalite membrane.
- Sodalite is a zeolite having as the largest apertures exclusively 6-membered rings, so-called sodalite cages.
- Hydroxy sodalite silicate, hydroxo sodalite
- Sodalite hydrate, hydroxo sodalite is the hydrated form of sodalite. It can be synthesized without a template from an aqueous solution and then contains water molecules in all its pores. The hydroxy sodalite is used without activation.
- Hydroxy sodalite belongs to the group of feldspathoids and is a so-called cubic feldspathoid. It is entirely built of the so-called ⁇ -cages. These cages are truncated octahedrons (left structure of FIG. 1 ). A truncated octahedron has 6 square faces and 8 hexagonal faces, which give it 36 edges and 24 vertices. A T (tetrahedral) atom (Si, Al) is located at each vertex. Oxygen atoms are located between the tetrahedral atoms (but not necessarily on the edge). So the edges are not meant to portray bonds, but merely the geometry of the polyhedron. In sodalite, this polyhedral arrangement can be distorted so that the exact arrangement of oxygen atoms is not regular.
- the invention is directed to a process for performing a chemical reaction in a reaction mixture, which reaction produces water as by-product, wherein the reaction mixture is in contact with a hydroxy sodalite membrane, through which water produced during the reaction is removed from the reaction mixture.
- a second embodiment is directed to a process for separating water from a mixture thereof with at least compound from the group of H 2 , CO, CO 2 , CH 4 and higher alkanes, said process comprising passing the mixture over a hydroxy sodalite membrane and removing the water throughthe membrane.
- a third embodiment concerns an especially suitable membarne or use in these processes, namely a tubular hydroxy sodalite membrane supported on a tubular porous ceramic support.
- a 4 th and final embodiment of the invention concerns a process for preparing a supported hydroxy sodalite membrane said process comprising providing a suitable porous membrane support material, preferably a ceramic support material, providing a solution of a silicate and an aluminate in water and reacting the solution under hydrothermal conditions to produce a hydroxy sodalite layer on the surface of the porous material.
- the invention resides therein that water is removed continuously from the reaction mixture of a reaction wherein water is a by-product.
- the temperature is at least 100° C. Above this temperature the structure of the sodalite is slightly distorted thereby easing the transfer of water through the membrane, which would otherwise be very difficult, as the diameter of the 6-membered cages is slightly smaller than the kinetic diameter of water.
- the temperature is between 150° C. and 500° C. Above these temperatures the stability of the hydroxy sodalite decreases.
- pervaporation is the separation through a membrane with on the feed side a liquid mixture and an applied vacuum or lower pressure on the permeate side which makes the permeated components evaporate.
- gas permeation both the feed mixture at the feed side and the separated components on the permeate side are in gas phase.
- Suitable pressures are between 0.5 bar (abs) to 100 bar (abs).
- the membrane is preferably supported on a suitable porous support, such as a metal or, most preferred, a ceramic support, such as sintered ⁇ -alumina.
- a mesoporous layer such as a silica or titania layer, may be present between the support and the hydroxy sodalite layer.
- the thickness of the membrane is preferably between 1 and 50 ⁇ m, more preferred between 5 and 20 ⁇ m.
- the membrane has to have a closed structure, i.e. there should be substantially no cracks or holes in the membrane, other than the pores of the sodalite structure.
- Suitable reactions in the context of the present invention are the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, condensation reactions and dehydration reactions.
- the hydrocarbons are synthesized by a chain growth process, with the length of the chain dependent on the catalyst selectivity and reaction conditions.
- the products formed primarily are normal paraffins, but ⁇ -olefins and alcohols are formed as well.
- Suitable reaction conditions for FT reactions comprises pressures of between 5 and 50 bar(abs) and temperatures between 150° C. and 500° C., temperatures of about 250° C. (low temperature reaction) or 450° C. (high temperature) being preferred.
- Water that is formed can react with carbon monoxide to form hydrogen and carbon dioxide in the so-called water-gas-shift reaction, an unwanted side reaction: CO+H 2 O ⁇ CO 2 +H 2
- Removal of water accordingly is advantageous for the reaction, not only because the subsequent reaction of CO and water is suppressed and the volume of the reactor is used more efficiently, but also because no ageing of the catalyst occurs.
- the same arguments apply to the other reactions, such as condensation reactions (which are generally equilibrium reactions, so that automatically the removal of water drives the reaction in the right direction) and dehydration reaction, for example the dehydration of hydroxy-group containing hydrocarbons to unsaturated hydrocarbons, more in particular alkanol to alkene.
- the invention is suitable for drying methane and higher alkanes (C 2 –C 10 ), and removing water from H 2 , CO and CO 2 .
- the invention is further directed to the membrane itself and the process of making it.
- the membrane itself has already been described in relation to the other two embodiments.
- the process for preparing a suitable membrane comprises providing a suitable porous membrane support material, preferably a ceramic support material, such as ⁇ -alumina, steel coated with titania and the like providing a solution of a silicate and an aluminate in water and reacting the solution under hydrothermal conditions to produce a hydroxy sodalite layer on the surface of the porous material.
- Hydrothermal conditions are preferably temperature of at least 125° (up to 500° C.),for a period of at least 2 hours, preferably under autogenous conditions.
- the supported membrane modules may subsequently be fitted into a membrane cell, with one or more tubular modules, in which the ends of the tubes are fitted with sealing means to make sure that the inside and outside of the membranes are only connected through the pores of the membrane.
- This gas-tight membrane sealing is thus very important for a good functioning of the membrane.
- epoxy-resin sealing or graphite ring sealing are preferred, since. (fluorelastomere) rubber rings failed.
- the membranes of the invention have a flux which may be at least 1 kg of water/m 2 /h, even up to 2 kg/m 2 /h or higher. Based on these values the skilled person can easily calculate the membrane surface area required for a given reaction or separation. For example for a commercial FT reactor at industrial scale producing 1250 ton/day, a membrane surface of about 10,000 m 2 would suffice.
- ⁇ -alumina tubes having the following dimensions: 21 mm outer diameter, 18 mm inner diameter, 58 mm in length and a wall thickness of 1.5 mm were prepared.
- the pore size distribution is symmetrical (radially) with average pore size 0.07–0.1 microns.
- the whole tube consists of ⁇ -alumina there is no ⁇ -alumina present (Steenkamp, Ph. D. thesis, University Twente)
- the tubes have been sintered from Sumitomo AKP alumina powders at 1050 ° C. for 60 minutes, with a heating/cooling rate from and to room temperature of 1° C./min.
- the tubes Prior to synthesis, the tubes need to be cleaned, in order to remove dust and other impurities. After the support was manufactured cleaning with an ammonium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide solutions mixture was carried out.
- mixtures Prior to the syntheses two mixtures were made in two separate polyethylene flasks.
- One (mixture A, table 2) contained the silica source, in this case sodium metasilicate dissolved in water with a high pH (so with a part of the sodium hydroxide).
- the other mixture (mixture B, table 3) also contained NaOH in water, and with the aluminium source, sodium aluminate. Both mixtures were well stirred for half an hour (in order to dissolve and hydrolyse the oxides) at ambient temperature.
- composition mixture A Components mixture A weight [g] Sodium metasilicate 1.134 Sodium hydroxide 1.483 Water 23.532
- composition mixture B Components mixture B weight [g] Sodium aluminate 0.223 Sodium hydroxide 2.012 Water 23.532
- the mixture was put in a stainless steel autoclave with a teflon inner liner and the support (whether stainless steel with an TiO 2 layer or ⁇ -alumina).
- the autoclave was put in an oven (on a rotating axis in case of the rotating synthesis) for 3 hours at 140° C. Afterwards the autoclave was well cooled with tap water. Not only to stop the crystallisation (if the reaction continues zeolite A will be formed), but also for safety reasons: the caustic solution inside the autoclave is at its autogenic pressure. Subsequently the zeolites were filtered from the mixture and washed with water. In case of on-support growth, the ‘coated’ support is cleaned thoroughly with water.
- Tests were carried out at temperatures around 160° C. and low pressures. The pressure should be high enough to have a certain pressure drop over the membrane. A pressure drop of 2 bar was chosen and with the permeate side at atmospheric pressure, a total absolute pressure of 3 bar at the feed side was used. To ensure that the mixture was in the vapour phase, temperatures were chosen well enough above the boiling temperatures of octane and water at 3 bara. A working temperature was chosen well above the boiling point of least volatile component (i.e. octane) at the specific pressure applied.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
nCO+(2n+1)H2→CnH2n+2+nH2O
CO+H2O⇄CO2+H2
TABLE 1 |
Final modified synthesis mixture |
molar | |||||
weight [g] | Mw [g mol−1] | mol | ratio | ||
Sodium hydroxide | 3.495 | 40 | 0.087375 | 16 |
Sodium aluminate | 0.223 | 84 | 0.002654 | 0.5 |
Sodium metasilicate | 1.134 | 212 | 0.005349 | 1 |
Water | 47.064 | 18 | 2.615 | 489 |
TABLE 2 |
Composition mixture A |
Components mixture A | weight [g] | ||
Sodium metasilicate | 1.134 | ||
Sodium hydroxide | 1.483 | ||
Water | 23.532 | ||
TABLE 3 |
Composition mixture B |
Components mixture B | weight [g] | ||
Sodium aluminate | 0.223 | ||
Sodium hydroxide | 2.012 | ||
Water | 23.532 | ||
Claims (14)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP03078287A EP1524254B1 (en) | 2003-10-17 | 2003-10-17 | Method for the separation of water from a reaction mixture using a hydroxy sodalite membrane |
EP03078287.4 | 2003-10-17 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20050184009A1 US20050184009A1 (en) | 2005-08-25 |
US7214719B2 true US7214719B2 (en) | 2007-05-08 |
Family
ID=34354530
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/965,660 Expired - Fee Related US7214719B2 (en) | 2003-10-17 | 2004-10-15 | Chemical reaction and separation method |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7214719B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1524254B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4554327B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1660481A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE471922T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60333099D1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200408361B (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090170964A1 (en) * | 2007-12-31 | 2009-07-02 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Membrane reactor with in-situ dehydration and method for using the same |
US20110290729A1 (en) * | 2008-12-01 | 2011-12-01 | Sheida Khajavi | Process for the production of ultra pure water using a membrane |
US20170241317A1 (en) * | 2016-02-23 | 2017-08-24 | Tenneco Automotive Operating Company Inc. | Exhaust Treatment System Having Membrane Module For Water Removal |
CN109231226A (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2019-01-18 | 江西理工大学 | It is a kind of to utilize aluminum ions method and its desorption method in sodalite removal solution |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2410449B (en) | 2004-01-28 | 2008-05-21 | Statoil Asa | Fischer-Tropsch catalysts |
US7276105B2 (en) | 2004-06-28 | 2007-10-02 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Separation of water from Fischer-Tropsch product |
JP5346580B2 (en) * | 2006-03-14 | 2013-11-20 | 日本碍子株式会社 | Dehydration method, dehydrator and membrane reactor |
GB2446127A (en) * | 2007-01-30 | 2008-08-06 | Gtl F1 Ag | Preparation of Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts |
GB2473071B (en) | 2009-09-01 | 2013-09-11 | Gtl F1 Ag | Fischer-tropsch catalysts |
GB2475492B (en) | 2009-11-18 | 2014-12-31 | Gtl F1 Ag | Fischer-Tropsch synthesis |
PL2603316T3 (en) | 2010-08-09 | 2018-02-28 | Gtl. F1 Ag | Fischer-tropsch catalysts |
DE102011054170A1 (en) * | 2011-10-04 | 2013-04-04 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Process for producing a microporous material for molecular sieve gas separation |
US9359558B2 (en) * | 2012-11-29 | 2016-06-07 | General Electric Company | Carbon to liquids system and method of operation |
WO2014135496A1 (en) * | 2013-03-04 | 2014-09-12 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Power plant |
CN107109243A (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2017-08-29 | 赛贝克环球科技公司 | Multistage reactor and its correlation technique |
US20190070568A1 (en) * | 2016-03-01 | 2019-03-07 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Permeation membrane and method for producing a permeation membrane |
US10337370B2 (en) | 2017-07-13 | 2019-07-02 | Tenneco Automotive Operating Company Inc. | Water separation device for engine exhaust gas |
US10561989B1 (en) | 2018-09-10 | 2020-02-18 | Tenneco Automotive Operating Company Inc. | Water separation device for engine exhaust gas |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5419884A (en) | 1993-02-19 | 1995-05-30 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Regenerative mercury removal process |
US6379436B1 (en) | 2000-04-12 | 2002-04-30 | Engelhard Corporation | Macroporaus aluminosilicate desiccant, preparation from sodalite and use in enthalpy energy wheels |
US6403660B1 (en) | 1998-06-11 | 2002-06-11 | Sasol Technolgy (Proprietary) Limited | Production of hydrocarbons |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE9600970D0 (en) * | 1996-03-14 | 1996-03-14 | Johan Sterte | Process for making very thin films of molecular sieves |
-
2003
- 2003-10-17 DE DE60333099T patent/DE60333099D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-10-17 EP EP03078287A patent/EP1524254B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-10-17 AT AT03078287T patent/ATE471922T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2004
- 2004-10-15 JP JP2004302137A patent/JP4554327B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-10-15 ZA ZA200408361A patent/ZA200408361B/en unknown
- 2004-10-15 US US10/965,660 patent/US7214719B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-10-18 CN CN2004100861492A patent/CN1660481A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5419884A (en) | 1993-02-19 | 1995-05-30 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Regenerative mercury removal process |
US6403660B1 (en) | 1998-06-11 | 2002-06-11 | Sasol Technolgy (Proprietary) Limited | Production of hydrocarbons |
US6379436B1 (en) | 2000-04-12 | 2002-04-30 | Engelhard Corporation | Macroporaus aluminosilicate desiccant, preparation from sodalite and use in enthalpy energy wheels |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
Cha et al., "Removal of Water Vapor and VOCs From Nitrogen In a Hydrophilic Hollow Fiber Gel Membrane Permeator," Journal of Membrane Science, 119, pp. 139-153 (1996). |
Kazemimoghadam et al., "Dehydration of Water/1-1-Dimethylhydrazine Mixtures By Zeolite Membranes," Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 70, pp. 127-134 (2004). |
van den Berg et al., "Zeolite A Membranes Synthesized on a UV-Irradiated TIO<SUB>2 </SUB>Coated Metal Support: The High Pervaporation Performance," Journal of Membrane Science, 224, pp. 29-37 (2003). |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090170964A1 (en) * | 2007-12-31 | 2009-07-02 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Membrane reactor with in-situ dehydration and method for using the same |
US8206667B2 (en) | 2007-12-31 | 2012-06-26 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Membrane reactor with in-situ dehydration and method for using the same |
US20110290729A1 (en) * | 2008-12-01 | 2011-12-01 | Sheida Khajavi | Process for the production of ultra pure water using a membrane |
US8382988B2 (en) * | 2008-12-01 | 2013-02-26 | Techische Universiteit Delft | Process for the production of ultra pure water using a membrane |
US20170241317A1 (en) * | 2016-02-23 | 2017-08-24 | Tenneco Automotive Operating Company Inc. | Exhaust Treatment System Having Membrane Module For Water Removal |
US10054022B2 (en) * | 2016-02-23 | 2018-08-21 | Tenneco Automotive Operating Company Inc. | Exhaust treatment system having membrane module for water removal |
CN109231226A (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2019-01-18 | 江西理工大学 | It is a kind of to utilize aluminum ions method and its desorption method in sodalite removal solution |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20050184009A1 (en) | 2005-08-25 |
EP1524254A1 (en) | 2005-04-20 |
DE60333099D1 (en) | 2010-08-05 |
JP4554327B2 (en) | 2010-09-29 |
ATE471922T1 (en) | 2010-07-15 |
ZA200408361B (en) | 2005-05-06 |
EP1524254B1 (en) | 2010-06-23 |
CN1660481A (en) | 2005-08-31 |
JP2005145955A (en) | 2005-06-09 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US7214719B2 (en) | Chemical reaction and separation method | |
US10639594B2 (en) | Zeolite membrane, production method therefor, and separation method using same | |
JP7213199B2 (en) | Method for producing heterogeneous zeolite separation membrane | |
AU766490B2 (en) | Hydrogen-selective silica based membrane | |
Yue et al. | Highly selective CO2 conversion to methanol in a bifunctional zeolite catalytic membrane reactor | |
Michalkiewicz et al. | Zeolite membranes for hydrogen production from natural gas: state of the art | |
JP2011016123A (en) | Zeolite membrane, separation membrane module, and method for manufacturing the same | |
JP2010532259A (en) | Zeolite membrane structure and method for producing zeolite membrane structure | |
JP5051815B2 (en) | Marinoite-type zeolite composite membrane and method for producing the same | |
US10239022B2 (en) | Porous calcium-silicates and method of synthesis | |
JP5051816B2 (en) | Philipsite type zeolite composite membrane and method for producing the same | |
Shi | Organic template-free synthesis of SAPO-34 molecular sieve membranes for CO 2–CH 4 separation | |
Huang et al. | Steam-stable hydrophobic ITQ-29 molecular sieve membrane with H 2 selectivity prepared by secondary growth using Kryptofix 222 as SDA | |
Deng et al. | Low-cost and facile fabrication of defect-free water permeable membrane for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol | |
WO2017115454A1 (en) | Zeolite membrane composite body, method for producing same and gas separation method | |
WO2017081841A1 (en) | Crystalline silica membrane complex and method for producing same, and fluid separation method | |
Yin et al. | Generation and extraction of hydrogen from low-temperature water-gas-shift reaction by a ZIF-8-based membrane reactor | |
Hayakawa et al. | Synthesis of a DDR-type zeolite membrane by using dilute solutions of various alkali metal salts | |
Tavolaro et al. | Synthesis and characterization of a mordenite membrane on an α-Al2O3 tubular support | |
US20220241732A1 (en) | Zeolite film composite body, method for producing same, and fluid separation method | |
JP2021024801A (en) | Method and device for producing alcohol | |
Tavolaro et al. | LTA zeolite composite membrane preparation, characterization and application in a zeolitic membrane reactor | |
JP4599144B2 (en) | MARLINOITE TYPE ZEOLITE MEMBRANE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME | |
Jansen et al. | Method for the separation of water from a reaction mixture using a hydroxy sodalite membrane | |
Jansen et al. | Chemical reaction and separation method |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITEIT DELFT, NETHERLANDS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:JANSEN, JACOBUS CORNELIS;KAPTEIJN, FREDERIK;STROUS, SANDER ADRIAAN;REEL/FRAME:016002/0588 Effective date: 20050208 |
|
FEPP | Fee payment procedure |
Free format text: PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY |
|
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
SULP | Surcharge for late payment | ||
FEPP | Fee payment procedure |
Free format text: PAYER NUMBER DE-ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: RMPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY |
|
REMI | Maintenance fee reminder mailed | ||
LAPS | Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees | ||
STCH | Information on status: patent discontinuation |
Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362 |
|
FP | Lapsed due to failure to pay maintenance fee |
Effective date: 20150508 |