US716794A - Method of producing liquids under pressure. - Google Patents

Description

No. 7l6,794. Patented Dec. 23, I902.

A. VOGT & M.,vou ,RECKUNGHAUSEN. METHOD OF PRODUCING LlflUlDS UNDER PRESSURE.

(Application film! Feb. 6, 1902.)

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No. 7|6,794. Patented Dec. 23,, I902. A. VUGT G. M, VON BECKLINGHAUSEN. METHOD OF PRODUCING LIQUIDS UNDER PRESSURE.

(Application filed Feb. 6, 1902.)

4 Sheets-Sheet '2.

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no. 7l6,79-4. V Patented Dan. 23, I902.

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METHOD OF PRODUCING LIQUIDS UNDER PRESSURE.

- A uation filed Feb. a, 1902.)

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N9. 716,794. Patented D06. 23, I902.

A. VDGT & M. VDN RE CKUNGHAUSEN. METHOD OF PRODUCING LIQUIDS UNDER PRESSURE.

A pumion filad Feb. 6, 1902.)

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

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ADOLF VOGT, OF WEST NORWOOD, ENGLAND, AND MAX VON REOKLINGHAUSEN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

7 METHOD OF PRODUCING LlGl UlDS UNDER PRESSURE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 716,794, dated December 23, 1902.

Original application filed June 25, 1901, Serial No. 66,007. Divided and this application filed February 6, 1902. Serial (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that we, ADOLF VOGT, a citizen of Austria-Hungary, formerly residing at 82 Victoria street, Westminster, London, England, but now at 91Thornlaw road, West Norwood, county of Surrey, England, and MAX voN RECKLINGHAUSEN, a citizen of Austria- Hungar formerly residing at 82 Victoria street,lVestminster, aforesaid, but now at 510 \Vest Twenty-third street, New York, State of New York, have invented a certain new and useful Method of Producing Liquids Under Pressure, (for which we have made application for a patent in Great Britain, dated No.- vember 28, 1900, No. 21,565,) of which the following is a specification.

This invention,'which is a division of our application for Letters Patent dated June 25, 1901, Serial No. 66,007, relates to an improved method of producing liquid under pressure for performing work. It consists, essentially, in having two separate bodies of liquid, one of which is subject to a considerable head of pressure, while the other is subject to a lower head of pressure, the liquid under the higher pressure being utilized for performing work of any kind. A portion of the liquid under the lower pressure serves to compress a charge of explosive mixture, the force of the explo sion of which propels a portion of said liquid to the body of liquid under higher pressure to make good the quantity and pressure thereof which has been withdrawn for performing work. The other portion of the liquid acted upon by the explosion is made to effect the replenishing of the body of liquid under lower pressure with a fresh supply of liquid, such replenishing being, however, also eifected by causing the exhaust liquid from the place of consumption, (such as a hydraulic motor,) where the high-pressure liquid is made to do work, to pass back to the body-of liquid of lower pressure, thepressure of such exhaust liquid being of course maintained somewhat higher than that'of the low-pressure liquid in order to efiect this purpose.

It will be obvious that the above-described method of operating can be carried out by various constructionsof apparatus. By prefchamber charged with compressed air and a high pressure chamber charged with compressed air at a higher pressure, which chambers are in closable connection with a compression and explosion chamber and between which is arranged the place of consumption or employment. From the low-pressure chamher the working liquid passes into the compression-chamber, where it compresses the previously-introduced explosive mixture,consisting of air and combustible material, and as soon as this is ignited the said working fluid is forced by the resulting explosion-pressure into the high-pressure chamber, whence the pressure fluid thus obtained is led to the place of utilization for there performing work, after which the said fluid is-led back into the low-pressure chamber. At the same time a scavenger air-current is blown through the explosion chamber for removing therefrom the residues of combustion. In this machine any kind of combustible can be eniployed-such as gas, petroleum, carbon-powder, mixtures of the latter with gas, &c.- while, as the working fluid may be used water, oil of a suitable igniting-point, or the like, and the ignition of the charges may be eftected either automatically by compression or by any ignition devices employedinknown internal-combustion engines. On the accompanying drawings is shown, byway of example, the application of our invention to a machine which is worked by pulverulentcombustible and in which the explosive mixture is ignited by a suitable ignition device.

Figure 1 represents a vertical section through the machine and shows the connection thereof with the place of utilizatiomwhich of the separate parts of the machine.

may, for example, be a liquid-motor, such as a turbine, Pelton wheel, or water-pressure engine. The figure also shows the connection of the machine with the devices for producing air under pressure and the scavenger airsupply. Figs. 2 and 3 show the necessary lever apparatus for actuating the device for supplying the combustible. Fig. 4 shows to an enlarged scale a section through the device for the supply and blowing in of the combustible. Fig. 5 shows part of the disengaging mechanism for the lever apparatus. Figs. 6 to 11 show various modes of construction Fig. 6 shows a section of a modification of the distributor and blowing-in nozzle for gaseous fuel. Fig. 7 shows a modified form of the valvular piston 4. Figs. 8, 9, 10, and 11 show different modifications of the valve 6 and of the annular chamber 88. Fig. 12 shows a form of electric igniter. Fig. 13 shows in section a turbine capable of being driven by this method, and Fig. 14 shows a form of blast apparatus.

The compression and explosion chamber 1 can communicate with the low-pressure chamber 2 through an annular passage 2 closed by the piston 4 when at the position in Fig. 1, in which piston is situated a stop-valve 5, held on its seat by a spring 90. The said chamber 1 is also separated from the high pressure chamber 3 by means of the stop or back-pressure valve 6, closing the annular port 3 ,also held closed byaspringfi (Shown more clearly in Fig. 8.) The rod 7 of the piston 4 is connected by a pivotal sliding block and slot device with a lever 9, pivoted at 8, and having its one arm pivoted to the piston of an air-pump 10, while its other arm is drawn downward by a spring 11 and is connected by a rod 12 with the lever apparatus that actuates the combustible-supply device.

At the ends of the lever 9 are beaks 13 and 14, of which the first bears upon a beak 15 of a one-armed lever 16. This lever is connected, by means of the rod 17, with a diaphragm 19, subject to the pressure of aspring 18, the diaphragm being movable within the casing of the disengaging device, such casing being made to receive pressure fluid from the high-pressure chamber 3 through a closable conduit-pipe 21. The other beak 14 of lever 9 can act upon the beak 22 of a lever 24, which actuates the air-brake 23 and which is connected by a rod 25 with the scavenger device.

, air-pump 10 and on the other hand by a pipe 32 with the blowing-in device of the combustible-supply. Furthermore,conduit-pipes34 and 35 lead from the liquid-spaces of the two chambers 2 and 3 to a blast apparatus 36 of any known construction and which is worked with pressure liquid from chamber 3 for furnishing the scavenger air-supply and is connected by a pipe 37 with the explosion-chamber 1. The low-pressure chamber 2 and the space beneath the piston 4 also communicate by pipes 38 and 39 with a device 40, which serves to supply the working liquid when necessary.

The supply of carbonaceous powder is effected by means of a chambered rotary drum 43, Fig. 4, situated between the combustiblemagazine 41 and the blowing-in device 42 and rotated with a step-by-step motion, such motion being imparted on the descent of the rod 12, connected to the lever 9 and to the valve through the agency of the lever-gear 44 45 46 47, of which the lever 47 at each stroke turns the star-wheel 48, Fig. 2, on the rotary-drum axis to such an extent that a chamber of the drum empties itself into the mixing-chamber, while during the upstroke of the rod 12 a lever 49, Figs. 2, 3, and 4, fixed on the axis of the lever 46, actuates a tappet 50, so as to open the simultaneously-movable air-traps 54 and 55, Fig. 4, which are connected for this purpose by link-gear 51 52 53. In consequence hereof the blowing-in device is put in action, such device consisting, first, of a small airsupply tube'57,opening into the mixing-chamber 56, the air-jet from which tube servesto stir up and mix with the carbon-powder that has fallen in; secondly, of the blowing-in n0zzle 58, and, thirdly, of the powder-distributor 59, arranged within the explosion-chamber. The nozzles 57 and 58 of this device receive compressed air from the reservoir 33 through pipe 32, Figs. 1 and 4.

Against the star-wheel 48 bears a lever 60, subject to spring-pressure, and which acts on the star-wheel (that on the backward motion of the lever 47 is turned slightly backward) so as to bring it into the suitable position for being acted upon by the lever 47. The aircocks 54 and are brought back bya spring 61 into their closed positions.

The device for blowing through or scavengering the explosion-chamber consists of the discharge-valve 62, arranged in the upper part of the chamber, and an air-admission valve 63, arranged in the mouth of the blastpipe 37, opening into the explosion-chamber. These two valves, which are held closed by spring-pressure, are subject to the action of the elbow-levers 65 and 66, connected together by a rod 64, the lever 66 being connected to the rod 25 of the air-brake lever.

The arrangement of the levers 65 and 66 is such that the valve 62 opens slightly before the valve 63 in order to allow the escape of 'any pressure above that of the atmosphere that might possibly occur in the explosionchamber before fresh air is admitted to this chamber by the opening of the valve 63 for causing the combustion residues to be driven out through the open valve 62.

For effecting a supplemental supply of liqrable from the chamber 40 by shut-oft" cocks 71 and 72, these being simultaneously actualed by the hand-lever 73.

For the purpose of propelling liquid (by the action of the piston 4 working asa pump) into the low-pressure chamber 2'the two said cocks can be so set that the one, '71, is open when the other, 72, is closed. After the com mencement of the normal working of the engine the relative positions of the cooks are so altered (by making the link connecting the two plug-levers with a screw adjustment in the known manner for altering its length) that both cocks are opened to a suitable extent, or 72 may be open, and 71 closed, as shown at Fig. 1, thereby causing a continuous to-and-fro motion of the liquid in the supply device and its conduits to take place corresponding to the motion of the piston 4;.

1n the explosion-chamber 1 is provided a fixed distributing or guide piece 74, which has for its purpose to direct the liquid during the compression in the direction of the arrow at and during the explosion in the di rection of the arrow y in order to prevent friction and contractions in the middle of the tube-shaped chamber. In addition this guidepiece protects the piston 4 against excessive concussions during the explosions.

At suitable places are provided gageglasses, pressure-gages, and filling-funnels. The explosion-chamber has an opening closable by a screwplng 75, into which is inserted a tube on filling, as indicated by dotted lines at Fig. 1, in order to show by the issue of liquid through such tube that the vessel is filled to the required level.

In the conduits leading from the compressed-air reservoir 33 to the high and low pressure chambers are provided reducingvalves 76 and 77.

For starting, the reservoi r33 is charged with air at a high pressure either by means of a hand-pump or by charging it from a cylinder containingliquid air, the said pressure being, for example, from thirty-five to fortyfive atmospheres. The chambers l, 2, and 3 being partly filled with liquid, as shown, the cocks on the pipes 29 and 30, leading from the reservoir 33, respectively, to the chambers 3 and 2, are opened, so as to admit air-pressure thereto through the reducing-valves until the low-pressure chamber is charged to an excess pressure of about 3.76 atmospheres, while the high-pressu re chamber is charged to about 13.3 atmospheres, after which the shut-off cocks are closed again. Meanwhile the screwcap of the diaphragm-releasing device 19 20 has been screwed up, so that the spring 18 will just balance the pressure communicated from chamber 3 through pipe 2] to the back of the diaphragm, so that lever 9 is held in its raised position (shown at Fig. 1) by the beak 15 of lever 16. Also the rotary supplydrum 43 is turned by hand through one hundred and eighty degrees, so as to cause combustible to pass into the mixing-chamber, whence a charge of combustible mixture subsequently passes into the explosion-chamber, as will be explained. If new the inlet device, such as a flap-valve provided in the conduit 26, leading from the high-pressure chamber to the place of consumption 28, be opened, the motor will at once he put in motion by the head of liquid corresponding to the difference between the pressures in reservoirs 2 and 3. The pressure in chamber 3 will therefore sink slightly in consequence of the discharge of liquid therefrom, and owing to a corresponding slight reduction of pressure behind the diaphragm 19 the spring 18 will force back diaphragm 19 and cause the beak 15 to release lever 9. This will then be drawn downward by spring 11, and will consequently raise the piston 4 until the other end of lever 9 bears against the stop 9. By such raising piston 4 is made to uncover the ports 2 by which chamber 2 communicates with chamber 1, while at the same time the rod 12, drawn downward by lever 9, effects the opening of cocks 54 and 55 of the blowlog-in device, so that the charge of combustible mixture formed in the mixing-chamber is blown into the explosion-chamber.

In consequence of the opening of the an unlar port 2 liquid passes with considerable force from chamber 2 through the valves 5 of piston 4, owing to the considerable pressure of the air therein, while the air in chamber 1 is substantially only atmospheric pressure. In consequence of the small sectional area of chamber 1 as compared with that of chamber 2 the column of liquid entering the former from the latter will be made to assume so high a velocity that the very considerable his 'uilvo', acquired will enable it to operate with suflicient force on the previously-admitted explosive charge as to compress this to the point of spontaneous ignition.

The high gaseous pressure resulting from the consequent explosion will then force a body of liquid equal to that previously introduced into the explosion-chamber through the annular port 3 and valve 6 into the highpressure chamber 3, thereby raising the pressure in the latter to an extent corresponding not merely to the pressure produced by the explosion, but to that due to ois nice of the rapidly-moving column of fluid in the explosion chamber. Owing to this vis viva, or downward momentum of the column of liquid this will continue to flow into chamber 3 until the gaseous pressure above it has been reduced by expansion to such an extent that finally it approximates to that of the atmosphere.

By the downward pressure of the column of liquid at the moment of explosion the Valve 5 of piston 4 will be closed and the piston will be forced downward again to a point below its position of rest, thereby on the one hand closing the communication between the explosion-chamber and the low-pressure chamber 2 and on the other hand forcing down the left-hand end of lever 9 to a position below that shown at Fig. 1, which is the position of rest, and during this motion the beak 14 of lever 9 (which is madewith spring action) will pass below the beak 22 of lever 24. At the same time the right-hand arm of lever 9 will rise also to a point above its position of rest, and consequently its beak 13 will pass above the spring-stop 15 on lever 16, which will have been moved forward again by an increase of pressure behind diaphragm 19, due to the increase of pressure in the chamber 3 consequent on the forcing in of the liquid from the explosion-chamber. As the downward pressure on piston 4 decreases on the force of the explosion being expended the spring 11 will be able to overcome its action on lever 9 and will move the right-hand end of the latter down until it rests with the beak 13 upon stop 15. By this motion of lever 9 the beak 14 of its rising lefthand end is made to raise the beak 22 of lever 24, which is consequently moved downward, and thereby effects the consecutive opening of the scavenger-valves 62 and 63, so that after the escape of any possible excess of pressure from the explosionchamber the blast apparatus 36 causes a scavenger charge of air to be blown through the explosion-chamber, so as to clear it of residues and at the same time to cool the part of the chamber 1 situated above the liquid-level.

By means of the air-brake cylinder 23, connected to the lever 24 and controlling the closing movement of the valves, the duration of the opening of the valves 62 and 63 can be adjusted as may be desired. The dash-pot may be of any suitable known construction for this purpose. At Fig. 1 itis shown to consist of a cylinder 23, connected to lever 24, with stationary valvular piston and small air-inlet at the upper end, that can be more or less throttled by any suitable device. On the depression of lever 24 and cylinder 23 by lever 9, as described, the air above the piston is forced out through the valve, While on 14 passing beyond 22 the gradual closing of valves 62 and 63 will be regulated by the speed at which the air is allowed to enter the cylinder through the throttled opening. The parts will now remain in the last-described position until, owing to the supply of liquid under pressure from chamber 3 to the motor 28, the pressure in the former has again decreased,so that by the consequent decrease of pressure behind diaphragm 19 the stop 15 is withdrawn from lever 9, whereupon the above-described cycle of operations will be repeated. As before explained, the lever 9 by its rocking motion also-actuates the suction and force pump 10 for supplying the reservoir 33 with air at the required pressure, while the piston 4 serves as a pump for alternately drawing in water below it from chamber 40, through pipe 39, and forcing it into chamber 2, through pipe 38, when a fresh supply is required to make good any losses by leakage or evaporation.

If gaseous fuel be used for working this engine, there may be provided in the upper part of the explosionchamber, for example, an electric igniter 78, Fig. 12, and the closing of the circuit be effected by a diaphragm subject to the pressure of the compressed charge and actuating one of the contacts, the diaphragm being made adjustable for different degrees of compression of the charges. This igniter can also be provided when the abovedescribed supply of pulverulent fuel is used, so as to insure the ignition of the charges in the event of the automatic ignition thereof by the compression failing to take place. As it is even then possible that a charge may fail to be ignited, the same action as produced by the explosion can be effected by compressed air by providing on the pipe 31 a branch conduit 79, Fig.1, leading to the explosion-chamber, in which pipe is provided a cook 80, Fig. 5. This cock will be opened by the spring 83 on the plug-lever 91 on the further sinking of the pressure in the chamber 3 and the increased outward motion of the lever 16 caused thereby. For this purpose lever 16 carries a stud 16 which on the said outward motion of the lever bears against a tail 81 on a beak 81, pivoted to an arm 82, projecting from the cock-barrel, and thereby causes the beak to release a stud 91 on the lever 91 of the cockplug, so that this can now be drawn down by spring 83. The compressed-air reservoir 33 is thus made to communicate by the pipe 31 and conduit 79 with the explosion-chamber, so as to admit compressed air into the latter of sufficiently-high pressure to force the column of liquid therein into the high-pressure chamber. The piston 4 being forced down by this action, the consequent rising of the right-hand end of lever 9 causes the cock-lever 82 to be brought back into its former position by means of a rod 84, connected to lever 9, and the cook is closed again. In the meantime the increased pressure in the high-pressure chamber will have caused the diaphragm 19 to move lever 16 inward, so as to hold lever 9 in the raised position, and the machine is then again ready to operate, as before described.

The distributer 59 can be constructed as shown at Fig. 6 when gaseous fuel is employed, the blowing-in nozzle 58, connected with the gas-supply, being made to open into the distributer itself, which is formed with openings 85 all around the nozzle, through which air is carried by the jet. The valvular piston 4 can also be combined with a special working piston 86, as shown at Fig. 7, which alternately draws in water through the pipe 39, and then forces it into the chamber 40 and air-vessel 70 for supplying the chamber 2. In this case on the rising of piston 4 water enters below it from chamber 2, while on the forcing down of piston 4 byan explosion a portion of such water is forced back into 2, until the piston closes the passage 2 after which the water will pass from under piston 4 into the explosion-chamber 1 through valve 5, so that by this means chamber 1 obtains the requisite fresh supply from chamber 2 at each stroke.

The annular valve 6 can be formed as shown at Fig. 8 and the blowing through valve 63 be so arranged as to open under the pressure of the air-blast, when the scavengervalve 62 has already opened, while the closure of both valves is efiected by spring-pressure. In place of the ring-valve 6 may be employed several independent movable valves arranged in one or more annular rows, as shown in Figs. 9, 10, and 11.

.In order to avoid the formation of the vertices in the surface of the liquid in consequence of friction of the liquid against the walls of the explosion-chamber, and thus to prevent the explosion-gases from escaping into the high-pressure chamber without propelling liquid, a tube-shaped partition-wall 87, Fig. 1, is provided within the explosionchamber, and the annular space thus formed 'between the walls of the explosion-chamber and the said partition is divided into compartments by means of radial ribs 88, so that the liquid is taken from the peripheral part of the liquid column. Such a subdivision of the cross-section of the liquid column is also shown in Figs. 9, 10, and 11 in various arrangements, in which the liquid columns can be made very long in proportion to their cross-section, as also by this means any such escape 'of the gases as above referred to can be prevented. In the conduit 27', leading from the place of consumption of power 28, may, if necessary, be provided filters 89in order that the liquid, after having done work, may be freed of any small quantity of ashes that may have been carried along with it, so as to pass purified back into the low-pressu re chamber.

The machine is completely and continuously cooled by the working liquid, so that very high degrees of compression can be used. The initial pressure will therefore be very high, in consequence of which the machine will be able to perform a large amount of duty, although only of a small size.

It will be evident that the motor 28 may be of any known kind that can be worked by liquid-pressure. Thus, for example, it may be a turbine, such as is shown in vertical section at Fig. 13, where 26 is the supply-pipe for liquid under pressure coming from the high-pressure chamber 3, while 27 is the discharge-pipe leading to the low- pressure chainher 2, 92 being the guide-vanes of the turbine 93, fixed to shaft 94, whereby the power is transmitted to wherever required. Also, as hereinbefore stated, the blast apparatus 36 may be of any known constructionsuch as that shown, by way of example, at Fig. 14-

where 95 is a motor-cylinder worked by wa-' ter under pressure supplied from the highpressure reservoir 3 through pipe 34; and having its exhaust 35 connected to the pipe 35, leading to the low-pressure reservoir 2, while its slide-valve is actuated from the piston-rod 96, which is connected to the piston of an ordinary blast-cylinder 97, fromwhich the discharge-pipe 37 leads, the air-pressure to the pipe 37 conveying the scavenger charges to the explosion-chamber 1.

We are aware that apparatus for producing liquid under pressure has already been proposed in which the explosion of a combustible mixture at atmospheric pressure in a chamber containing liquid forces such liquid into a second chamber, where the liquid is stored at a corresponding pressure and whence it is caused-to pass to a turbine-motor, from which the exhaust liquid passes into a third chamber, from which it is caused to flow back to the explosion-chamber at atmospheric pressure, and we make no claim to such an arrangement. This difiers from our herein-described invention in many important particulars, and notably in the total absence of the most essential feature of our invention, whereby such a method of working is alone rendered practically applicable namely, the maintaining the liquid in the low-pressure chamber under a considerable pressure and causing, by means of such pressure, a considerable momentum to be imparted to the body of liquid flowing from the low pressure chamber into the explosionchamber, whereby the previously-admitted charge of combustible mixture is compressed to the point of ignition. Practical calculations show that, even with the much more favorable construction of apparatus according to our invention the difference of useful effect between working according to our within-described invention and working according to the method of the said previous construction would be such that with one and the same machine of a certain size the useful effect in the former case would be about two thousand and fort'yhorse-power,while in the latter case it would only amount to about seventy-six horse-power. With the construction of apparatus previously proposed the difference would be considerably greater.

Having thus described the nature of this invention and the best means We know of carrying the same into practical effect, we claim 1. That improvement in the art of producing liquid under pressure which consists in providing a body of liquid under a head for performing work, and a second body of liq-' uid under a lower head, which is made to compress the explosive charge, and causing the explosion of such charge to act upon a portion .of the liquid of lower head and cause it to replenish the liquid under the higher head, substantially as described.

2. That improvement in the art of producing liquid under pressure which consists in 7 providing a body of liquid under a head for performing work and a second body of liquid under a lower head which is made to compress an explosive charge, and causing the explosion of such charge to act upon a portion of the liquid of lower head so as to increase its pressure and cause it on the one hand to replenish the body of liquid under the higher head, and on the other hand to cause a replenishing of the body of liquid under a lower head, substantially as described.

3. That improvement in the art of producing liquid under pressure which consists in providing a bodyof liquid under an artificial head of compressed air for performing work, and a second body of liquid under a lower artificial head of compressed air, causing a portion of the second body of liquid to compress an explosive charge, igniting the charge to drive a portion of the liquid acted upon by the explosion to the first body of liquid to maintain it in quantity and pressure while another portion of the liquid acted upon effects a replenishing of the body of liquid under the lower head,substantially as described.

4. That improvement in the art of producing liquid under pressure which consists in providing a body of liquid under an artificial head of compressed air for performing work and a second body of liquid under a lower artificial head of compressed air, causing the pressure acting on the second body of liquid to impart rapid motion to a portion of such body so that by its momentum it will compress an explosive charge to ignition, the resulting explosion being made to drive one portion of the liquid acted upon to the first body of liquid to maintain it in quantity and pressure while another portion of the liquid acted upon causes a replenishing of the body of liquid under the lower head, substantially as described.

5. That improvement in the art of producing liquid under pressure which consists in providing a body of liquid under an artificial head of compressed air for performing work and a second body of liquid under a lower artificial head of compressed air, causing the liquid under the higher head, after having performed work, to pass back to the body of liquid under the lower head, causing a-portion of the second body of liquid to compress an explosive charge, causing the explosion of such charge to drive a portion of the liquid acted upon by the explosion to the first body of liquid to maintain it in quantity and pressure while another portion of the liquid acted upon effects a replenishing of the body of liquid under the lower head, substantially as described.

6. That improvement in the art of operating liquid-motors, which consists in providing a body of liquid under a head, and a second body of liquid under a lower head, connecting the two bodies of liquid through the motor, compressing an explosion charge by the liquid of lower head, igniting the charge and causing the explosion thereof to drive a portion of such liquid to the first body of liquid, substantially as described.

7. That improvement in the art of operat ing liquid-motors, which consists in providing a body of liquid under an artificial head of compressed air and a second body of liquid under a lower artificial head of compressed air connecting the bodies of liquid through a motor, causing a tendency to neutralize the effect of the difference of heads, causing a portion of the second body of liquid to compress an explosive charge, igniting the charge to drive a portion of the liquid acted upon by the charge to the first body of liquid to maintain it in quantity and pressure, substantially as described.

8. That improvement in the art of operating liquid-motors, which consists in providing a body of liquid under an artificial head of compressed air and a second body of liquid under a lower artificial head of compressed air, connecting the bodies of liquid through a motor, causing the pressure acting on the second body of liquid to impart rapid motion to a portion of such body so that by its m's tied, it will compress an explosive charge to ignition, the resulting explosion being made to drive a portion of the liquid acted upon to the first body of liquid for operating the motor thereby, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof we have hereunto set our hands in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ADOLF VOGT. MAX VON REOKLINGHAUSEN.

Witnesses to the signature of the said Max von Recklinghausen:

G. E. OHAPIN, WM. H. OAPEL.

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