US711597A - Machinery for the production of liquid under pressure. - Google Patents

Description

No. 7||,597. Patented Oct. 2|, I902. U A. voar & M. van RECKLINGHAUSEN.

MACHINERYFORTHE PRODUCTION OF LIQUID UNDER PRESSURE.

(A 'ucamionmed June 25, 1901.,

(No Model.) a Sheets-Sheet I mma Ut. 2|, I902; A. VOGT & M. van RECKLINGHAUSEN, MACHINERY'FOB THE PRODUCTION OF LIQUID UNDER PRESSURE.

' (Application filed une 25, 1901. (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Shep! '2.

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N0. 7|I,597. v Patented 00L 2|, I902 A.-VU,GT G. M. VON BECKLINGHAUSEN. MACHINERY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LIQUID UNDER PRESSURE.

(Application filed June 25, 1901.

3 sheets shm a.

(No Model.)

5 PETERS co, PNOTD-UTNO-. WASHINGTON. 04 c.

i fluid under pressure is produced separately 5o ically by compression onby any ignition deg 'NITED' STATES PATENT oFmE.

ADOLF VOGT AND MAX VON RECKLINGHAUSEN, OF WESTMINSTER, LONDON, ENGLAND.

MACHINERY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LIQUID UNDER PRESSURE.

SPECIFIGATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 711,597, dated October 21, 1902. Application filed June 25, 1901. Serial No. 66,007. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, ADOLF VOGT, electrician, a citizen of Austria-Hungary, and MAX VON REOKLINGHAUSEN, electrician, a citizen of Germany, both residingat No. 82 Victoria street,Westminster, in the county of London, England, have invented certain newand useful Machinery for the Production of Liquid under Pressure, (for which we have jointly made application forfa patent in Great Britain, No. 21,565, dated November 28, 1900,) of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to the construction of machinery which can be worked by means of any combustible material and in which from the place of consumption or utilization,

which latter can be any motive-power engine that is set in motion by the pressure fluid for working under a load.

The apparatus or machine for producing the pressure fluid consists of a low-pressure chamber charged with compressed air and a high-pressure chamber charged with compressed air at a high pressure, which are in closable connection with a compression and explosion chamber and between which is arranged the place of consumption or employment. From the low-pressure chamber the working liquid passes into the compressionchamber, where it com presses the previouslyintroduced explosive mixture, consisting of air and combustible material, and as soon as this is ignited the said Working fiuid'is forced by the resulting explosion-pressure into the high-pressure chamber, whence the pressure fluid thus obtained is led to the place of utilization for there performing work, after which the said fluid is led backinto the low-pressure chamber. At the same time a scavenger-air current is blown through the explosion-chamber for removing therefrom the residues of combustion. In this machine any kind of combustible can be employed-such as gas, petroleum, carbon powder, mixtures of the latter with gas, &c.while as the working fluid may be used water, oil of a suitable high igniting point or the like, and the ignition of the charges maybeeiiected either automat "such as a turbine .Pelton-wheel water-pres- ..sure engine.

The figure also shows the connection of the machine with the devices for producing air under pressure and the scavenger-air supply. Figs. 2 and 3 show the necessary lever apparatus for actuating the device for supplying the combustible. Fig. 4 shows, to an enlarged scale, a section through the device for the supply and blowing in of the combustible. Fig. 5 shows part of the disengaging mechanism for the lever apparatus. Figs. 6 to 11 show various modes of construction of the separate parts of the machine. Fig. 6 shows a section of a modification of the distributor and blowing-in nozzle for gaseous fuel. Fig. '7 shows a modified form of the valvular piston 4. Figs. 8, 9, 10,

and 11 show different modifications of the valve 6 and of the annular chamber 88.

,The compression and explosion chamber 1 can communicate with the low-pressure chamher 2 through an annular passage 2", closed by the piston-valve 4 when at the position in Fig. l, in which piston is situated a stop-valve 5, held on its seat by aspring 90. The said chamber 1 is also separated from the highpressure chamber 3 by means of the stop or back-pressureivalve 6, closing the annular port 3 also "held closed by a spring 6 (Shown more clearly in Fig. 8.) The rod 7 of the piston 4 is connected by a pivotal sliding block and slot device with a lever 9, pivoted at 8 and having its one arm pivoted to the 5 piston of an air-pump 10, while its other arm is drawn downward by a spring 11 and is connected by a rod 12 with the lever apparatus that actuates the combustible-supply device. At the ends of the lever 9 are beaks 13 and 14, of which the first bears upon a beak of a one-armed lever 16. This lever is connected, by means of the rod 17,with a diaphragm 19, subject to the pressure of a spring 18, the diaphragm being movable within the casing of the disengaging device, such casing being made to receive pressure fluid from the high-pressure chamber 3 through a closable conduit-pipe 21. The other beak 14 of lever 9 can act upon the beak 22 of a lever 24,which actuates the dash-pot 23 and which is connected by a rod 25 with the scavenger device.

The liquid-spaces of the high and low pressure chambers are connected, respectively, by conduit-pipes 26 and 27 with the place of utilization, such as a motor 28, and the airspaces thereof by closable pipes 29 and 30 with the air-pressure chamber 33, that is connected on the one hand by a pipe 31 with the air-pu mp 10 and on the other hand by a pipe 32 with the blowing-in device of the combustible-supply. Furthermore, conduit-pipes 34 and 35 lead from the liquid-spaces of the two chambers 2 and 3 to a blast apparatus 36 of any known construction and which is Worked with pressure liquid from chamber 3 for furnishing the scavenger-air supply and is connected by a pipe 37 with the explosion-chamber 1. The low-pressure chamber 2 and the space beneath the piston 4 also communicate by pipes 38 and 39 with a device 40, which serves to supply the working liquid when necessary.

The supply of carbonaceous powder is effected by means of achambered rotary drum 43, Fig. 4, situated between the combustible magazine 41 and the blowing-in device 42 and rotated with a step-by-step motion, such motion being imparted on the descent of the rod 12, connected to the lever 9 and to the valve through the agency of the lever-gear 44 45 46 47, of which the lever 47 at each stroke turns the star-wheel 48, Fig. 2, on the rotary drum axis to such an extent that a chamber of the drum empties itself into the mixing-chamber, While during the upstroke of the rod 12 a lever 49, Figs. 2, 3, and 4, fixed on the axis of the lever 46, actuates a tappet 50, so as to open the simultaneously-movable air- traps 54 and 55, Fig. 4, which are connected for this purpose by link gear 51 52 53. In consequence hereof the blowing-in device is put in action, such device consisting, first, of a small air-supply tube 57, opening into the mixing-chamber 56, the air-jet from which tube serves to stir up and mix with the carbon powder that has fallen in; secondly, of the blowing-in nozzle 58, and, thirdly, of the powder-distributer 59, arranged within the explosion-chamber. The nozzles 57 and 58 of this device receive compressed air from the reservoir 33 through pipe 32, Figs. 1 and 4. Against the star-wheel 48 bears a lever 60, subject to spring-pressure and which acts on the star-wheel (that on the backward motion of the lever 47 is turned slightly backward) so as to bring it into the suitable position for being acted upon by the lever 47. The air-cocks 54 and are brought back by a spring 61 into their closed positions.

It will be obvious that the above-described construction of apparatus for producing and feeding in a mixture of powdered fuel and air into the explosion-chamber is applicable to other constructions of apparatus for producing liquid under pressure for use in motor-engines by the explosion of a combustible charge within a chamber containing the liquid.

The device for blowing through or scavengering the explosion-chamber consists of the discharge-valve 62, arranged in the upper part of the chamber, and an air-admission valve 63, arranged in the mouth of the blastpipe 37, opening into the explosion-chamber. These two valves, which are held closed by spring-pressure, are subject to the action of the elbow-levers 65 and 66, connected together by a rod 64, the lever 66 being connected to the rod 25 of the air-brake lever. The arrangement of the levers 65 and 66 is such that the valve 62 opens slightly before the valve 63 in order to allow the escape of any pressure above that of the atmosphere that might possibly occur in the explosionchamber before fresh air is admitted to this chamber by the opening of the valve 63 for causing the combustion residues to be driven out through the open valve 62.

For effecting a supplemental supply of liquid to make good losses from leakage or evaporation there is provided a supply device 40, containing a suction-valve 67 and a forcingvalve 68 and provided with a suction-pipe 69 and an air-vessel 70, both of these being separable from the chamber 40 by shut-off cocks 71 and 72, these being simultaneously actuated by the hand-lever 73.

For the purpose of propelling liquid (by the action of the piston 4 working as a pump) into the low-pressure chamber 2 the two said cocks can be so set that the one, 71, is open when the other, 72, is closed. After the commencement of the normal working of the engine the relative positions of the cooks are so altered (by making the link connecting the two plug-levers with a screw adjustment in the known manner for altering its length) that both cocks are opened to a suitable extent, or 72 may be open and 71 closed, as shown at Fig. 1, thereby causing a continuous to-and-fro motion of the liquid in the supply device and its conduits to take place corresponding to the motion of the piston 4.

In the explosion-chamber l is provided a fixed distributing or guide piece 74, which has for its purpose to direct the liquid during the compression in the direction of the arrow 00 and during the explosion in the direction of the arrow y in order to prevent friction and contractions in the middle of the tubeshaped chamber. In addition this guidepiece protects the piston 4 against excessive concussions during the explosions.

sume a lower pressure after passing through a suitable motor, then admitting the lowpressure liquid to an explosive charge at atmospheric pressure to compress said charge and further reduce the pressures on the liquid, explode the charge to drive the liquid to high pressure again in the cycle of operations. The high and low pressure on the liquid is maintained considerably above atmospheric pressure, the artificial heads being maintained by cushions of compressed air. For starting, the reservoir 33 is charged with air at a high pressure either by means of a hand-pump or by charging it from a cylinder containing liquid air, the said pressure being, for example, from thirty-five to fortyfive atmospheres. The chambers 1, 2, and 3 being partly filled with liquid, as shown, the cocks on the pipes 29 and 30, leading from the reservoir 33, respectively, to the chambers 3 and 2, are opened, so as to admit airpressure thereto through the reducing-valves until the low-pressure chamber is charged to an excess pressure of about 3.76 atmospheres, while the high-pressure chamber is charged to about 13.3 atmospheres, after which the shut-off cocks are closed again. Meanwhile the screw-cap of the diaphragm-releasing device 19 20 has been screwed up, so that the spring 18 will not balance the pressure communicated from chamber 3 through pipe 21 to the back of the diaphragm, so that lever 9 is held in its raised position (shown at Fig. 1) by the beak 15 of lever 16, also the rotary supply-drum 43, turned by hand through 180, so as to cause combustible to pass into the mixing-chamber, whence a charge of combustible mixture subsequently passes into the explosion-chamber, as will be explained. If now the inlet device, such as a flap-valve provided in the conduit 26, leading from the high-pressure chamber to the place of consumption 28, be opened, the motor will at once he put in motion by the head of liquid corresponding to the difference between the pressures in reservoirs 2 andr3. The pressure in chamber 3 will therefore sink slightly in consequence of the discharge of liquid therefrom, and owing to a corresponding slight reduction of pressure behind the diaphragm 19 the spring 18 will force back diaphragm 19 and cause the beak 15 to release lever 9. This will then be drawn downward by spring 11, and will consequently raise the piston 4 until the other end of lever 9 bears against the stop 9 By such raising piston 4 is made to uncover the ports 2 by which chamber 2 communicates with chamber -1, while at the same time the rod 12, drawn downward by lever 9, effects the opening of cocks 54 and 55 of the blowing-in device, so that the charge of combustible mixture formed in the mixing-chamber is blown into the explosion-chamber.

In consequence of the opening of the annular port 2 liquid passes with considerable force from chamber 2 through the valves 5 of piston 4 owing to the considerable pressure of the air therein, while the air in chamber 1 is substantially only atmospheric pressure. In consequence of the small sectional area of chamber 1 as compared with that of chamber 2 the column of liquid entering the former from the latter will be made to assume so high a velocity that the very considerable m's viva acquired will enable it to operate with sufficient force on the previously-admitted explosive charge as to compress this to the point of spontaneous ignition. The high gaseous pressure re- .sulting from the consequent explosion will then force a body of liquid equal to that previously introduced into the explosion-chamber throughthe annular port 3 and valve 6 into the high-pressure chamber 3, thereby raising the pressure in the latter to an extent corresponding not merely to the pressure produced by the explosion, but to that due to Ms m'oa of the rapidly-moving column of fluid in the explosion-chamber. Owing to this m's mica or downward momentum of the column of liquid this will continue to flow into chamber 3 until the gaseous pressure above it has been reduced by expansion to such an extent that finally it approximates to thatof the atmosphere. column of liquid at the moment of explosion the valve 5 of piston 4 will be closed and the By the downward pressure of the ITO piston will be forced downward again to a point below its position of rest, thereby on the one hand closing the communication between the explosion-chamber and the lowpressure chamber 2 and on the other hand forcing down the left-hand end of lever 9 to a position below that shown at Fig. l, which is the position of rest, and during this motion the beak 14 of lever 9, (which is made with.

the downward pressure on piston4 decreases on the force of the explosion being expended the spring 11 will be able to' overcome its action' on lever 9 and will move the right-hand end of the latter down until it rests with the beak 13 upon stop 15. By this motion of lever 9 the beak 14 of its rising left-hand end is made to raise the beak 22 of lever 24, which is consequently moved downward, and thereby effects the consecutive opening of the scavenger-valves 62 and 63, so that after the escape of any possible excess of pressure from the explosion-chamber the blast apparatus 36 causes a scavenger charge of air to be blown through the explosion-chamber, so as to clear it of residues and at the same time to cool the part of the chamber 1 situated above the liquid-level. By means of the dash-pot cylinder 23, connected to the lever 24 and controlling the closing movement of the valves,

the duration of the opening of the valves 62 and 63 can be adjusted as may be desired. The dash-pot may be of any suitable known construction for this purpose. At Fig. 1 it is shown to consist of a cylinder 23, connected to lever 24, with stationary valvular piston and small air-inlet at the upper end, that can be more or less throttled by any suitable device. On the depression of lever 24 and cylinder 23 by lever 9, as described, the air above the piston is forced out through the valve, while on 14 passing beyond 22 the gradual closing of valves 62 and63 will be regulated by the speed at which the air is allowed to enter the cylinder through the throttled opening. The parts will now remain in the last-described position until owing to the supply of liquid under-pressure from chamber 3 to the motor 28 the pressure in the former has again decreased, so that by the consequent decrease of pressure behind diaphragm 19 the stop 15 is withdrawn from lever 9, whereupon the above-described cycle of operation will be repeated. As before explained, the lever 9 by its rocking motion also actuates the suction and force pump 10 for supplying the reservoir 33 with air at the required pressure, While the piston 4 serves as a pump for alternately drawing in water below it from chamber 40 through pipe 39 and forcing it into chamber 2 through pipe 38 when a fresh supply is required to make good any losses by leakage or evaporation.

If gaseous fuel be used for working this engine, there may be provided in the upper part of the explosion-chamber an electric igniter of any known construction, in which the closing of the circuit is effected by the pressure of the compressed charge. This igniter can also be provided when the abovedescribed supply of pulverulent fuel is used, so as to insure the ignition of the charges in the event of the automatic ignition thereof by the compression failing to take place. As it is even then possible that a charge may fail to be ignited, the same action as produced by the explosion can be effected by compressed air by providing on the pipe 31 a branch conduit 79, Fig. 1, leading to the explosionchamber, in which pipe is provided a cock 80, Fig. 5. This cock will be opened by the spring 83 on the plug-lever 91 on the further sinking of the pressure in the chamber 3 and the increased outward motion of the lever 16 caused thereby. For this purpose lever 16 carries a stud 16 which on the said outward motion of the lever bears against a tail S1 on a beak 81, pivoted to an arm 82, projecting from the cock-barrel, and thereby causes the beak to release a stud 91 on the lever 91 of the cock-plug, so that this can now be drawn down by spring 83. The compressed-air reservoir 33 is thus made to communicate by the pipe 31 and conduit 79 with the explosionchamber, so as to admit compressed air into the latter of sufficiently high pressure to force the column of liquid therein into the highpressure chamber. The piston 4 being forced down by this action, the consequent rising of the right-hand end of lever 9 causes the cocklever 82 to be brought back into its former position by means of a rod 84, connected to lever 9, and the cook is closed again. In the meantime the increased pressure in the highpressure chamber will have caused the diaphragm 19 to move lever 16 inward, so as to hold lever 9 in the raised position, and the machine is then again ready to operate, as before described.

The distributer 59 can be constructed as shown at Fig. 6 when gaseous fuel is employed, the blowing-in nozzle 58, connected with the gas-supply, being made to open into the distributeritself, which is formed with openings all around the nozzle, through which air is carried by the jet. The valvular piston 4 can also be combined with a special working piston 86, as shown at Fig. 7, which alternately draws in water through the pipe 39 and then forces it into the chamber 40 and air vessel 70 for supplying the chamber 2. In this case on the rising of piston 4 water enters below it from chamber 2, While on the forcing down of piston 4 by an explosion a portion of such water is forced back into 2 until the piston closes the passage 2 after which the water will pass from under piston 4 into the explosion-chamber 1 through valve 5, so that by this means chamber 1 obtains the requisite fresh supply from chamber 2 at each stroke.

The annular valve 6 can be formed as shown at Fig. 8 and the blowing through valve 63 be so arranged as to open under the pressure of the air-blast when the scavengervalve 62 has already opened, while the closure of both valves is efiected by spring-pressure. In place of the ring-valve 6 may be employed several independent movable valves arranged in one or more annular rows, as shown in Figs. 9, 10, and 1].

In order to avoid the formation of vortices in the surface of the liquid in consequence of friction of the liquid against the walls of the explosion-chamber, and thus to prevent the explosion-gases from escaping into the highpressure chamber without propelling liquid, a tube-shaped partition-wall 87, Fig. 1, is provided Within the explosion-chamber, and the annular space thus formed between the walls of the explosion-chamber and the said partition is divided into compartments by means of radial ribs 88, so that the liquid is taken from the peripheral part of the liquid column. Such a'subdivision of the cross-section of the liquid column is also shown in the Figs. 9, 10, and 11 in various arrangements, in which the liquid columns can be made very long in proportion to their cross-section, as also by this means any such escape of the gases, as above referred to, can be prevented. In the con: duit 27, leading from the place of consumption of power 28, may, if necessary, be provided filters 89, in order that the liquid'after having done work may be freed of any small quantity of ashes that may have been carried along with it, so as to pass purified back into the low-pressure chamber.

The machine is completely and continuously cooled by the working liquid, so that very high degrees or" compression can be used. The initial pressure will therefore be very high, in consequence of which the machine will be able to perform a large amount of duty, although only of a small size.

The most essential feature of our invention is maintaining the liquid in the low-pressure chamber under a considerable pressure and causing by means of such pressure a considerable momentum to be imparted to the body of liquid flowing from the low-pressure chamber into the explosion-chamber, whereby the previously-admitted charge of combustible mixture is compressed to the point of ignition. Practical calculationsshow that even with the much more favorable construction of apparatus according to our invention the difference of usefuleffect between working according to our within-described invention and Working according to the method of. the said previous construction would be such that with one and the same machine of a certain size the useful eifect in the former case would be' about two thousand and forty horse-power, while in the latter case it would only amount to about seventy-six horse-power. Withthe construction of apparatus previously proposed the difference would be considerably greater.

Having thus described our said invention,

what we claim as new therein, and desire to pressure chamber up into the explosion-chain ber again to compress the charge.

2. In a machine for producing liquid under pressure, a low-pressure chamber, means for.

supplying said chamber with working liquid under pressure, a compression and explosion chamber communicating with said low-pressure chamber by ports controlled by a valvular piston through whichliquid is supplied from the latter to the former, means for supplying said explosion-chamber with charges of explosion mixture of combustible matter and air and for igniting such charge after its compression by the liquid from the low-pres sure chamber, a high-pressure chamber communicating with said explosion-chamber by valvular openings through which the liquid is forced from the latter into the former on the explosion of a combustible charge, conduits for conveying the liquid under pressure from the high-pressure chamber to the sup ply-ports of a motor-engine or other powerconsuming device and from the exhaust-ports of the latter back to the low pressure chamber, scavenger-valves in the explosion-cham.

ber, means for supplying scavenger charges of compressed air through said valves into the explosion-chamber after each explosion, and means for supplying compressed air at a high pressure to the high-pressure chamber and at a lower pressure into the low-pressure chamber for forcing the liquid into the explosion-chamber for compressing a charge of combustible mixture therein, substantially as described.

3. In a machine for producing liquid under pressure, a compression and explosion chamber partly filled with liquidand communicating at its lower end by an annular passage with a low-pressure chamber partly filled with liquid under pressure, means for supplying liquid under pressure to said low-pressure chamber, a valvularpiston in said explosionchamber adapted to close'said annular passage, means for raising said piston so as to uncover the annular passage and allow liquid to pass from the low-pressure chamber into the explosion-chamber, through the valves of the piston, means for supplying explosive charges to the space in the explosion-chamber above the liquid therein, a high-pressure chamber communicating with the explosionchamber by a passage closed-by a stop-valve allowing liquid to be forced from the explosion-chamber into the high-pressure chamber by the explosion of a charge in the former, means for supplying compressed air to the high-pressure chamber, a duct for conveying the pressure liquid from the high-pressure chamber to a motor or power-consuming device and a duct for'conveying the exhaust liquid from such device back into the lowpressure chamber, substantially as described.

4. In a machine for producing liquid under pressure, a compression and explosion chamber partly filled with liquid and communicating at its lower end by an annular passage with a low pressure chamber partly filled with liquid under pressure, means for supplying liquid under pressure to said lowpressure chamber, a valvular piston in said explosion-chamber adapted to close said annular passage, means for raising said piston so as to uncover the annular passage and allow liquid to pass from the low-pressure chamber into the explosion-chamber through the valves of the piston, means for supplying explosive charges to the space in the explo sion-chamber above the liquid therein, a high-pressure chamber communicating with the explosion-chamber by a passage closed by a stop-valve allowing liquid forced from the explosion-chamber into the high-pressure chamber by the explosion of a charge in the former, means for supplying compressed air to the high-pressure chamber, a duct conveying the pressure liquid from the high-pressure chamber to a motor or power-consuming device, a duct for conveying the exhaustliquid from such device back into the low-pressure chamber, an opening in the said explosion-chamber communicating with the atmosphere and closed by a valve, a second opening in said explosion-chamber communicating with a supply of compressed air and closed by a valve, and means for opening the said valves for causing a scavenger charge of air to pass through the explosion-chamber after the explosion of a charge, substantially as described.

5. In a machine for producing liquid under pressure, a compression and explosion chamber partly filled with liquid and communicating at its lower end by an annular passage with a low-pressure chamber partly filled with liquid under pressure, means for supplying liquid to said low-pressure chamber, a valvular piston in said explosion-chamber adapted to close said annular passage, means for raising said piston so as to uncover the annular passage and allow liquid to pass from the low-pressure chamber into the ex plosion-chamber through the valves of the piston, means forsupplying explosive charges to the space in the explosion-chamber above the liquid therein, a high-pressure chamber communicating with the explosion-chamber by a passage closed by a stop-valve allowing liquid to be forced from the explosion-chamber into the high-pressure chamber by the explosion of a charge in the former, means for supplying compressed air to the highpressure chamber, a duet for conveying the pressure liquid from the high-pressure chamber to a motor or power-consuming device and a duct for conveying the exhaust liquid from such device back into the low-pressure chamber, an opening in the said explosionchamber communicating with the atmosphere and closed by a valve, a second opening in said explosion-chamber communicating with a supply of compressed air, and closed by a valve, and means for opening the said valves for causing a scavenger charge of air to pass through the explosion-chamber after the explosion of a charge, ducts leading respectively from the high-pressure chamber and the low-pressure chamber to a supply of compressed air and regulating-valves on such ducts for controlling the supply of compressed air to said high and low pressure chambers, substantially as described.

6. In a machine for producing liquid under pressure, a compression and explosion chamber, having a blowing-in valve 63, an outletvalve 62, a device for supplying charges of explosive mixture thereto, and a Valvular piston 4c, 5, controlling the communication of the explosion chamber 1 with a low -pressure chamber 2, a double-ended lever 9, one arm of which is connected to said piston while the other arm is connected to a spring 11, which tends to move the lever so as-to cause the piston to uncover the communication between the explosion and lowpressure chambers, a high-pressure chamber 3 communicating with the explosion-chamber, a detent device for holding lever 9 in the position in which the piston closes the communication between the explosion and low-pressure chambers until the pressure in the high-pressure chamber has sunk to a certain degree, and mechanism connected to the valves 62, 63 and acted upon by the lever 9 so as to open said valves when this lever is actuated by spring 11, substantially as described.

7. In a machine for producing liquid under pressure, a compression and explosion chamber partly filled with liquid, a low-pressure chamber charged with liquid and air under pressure and communicating with the explosion-chamber through a port closed by a valvular piston, a double-ended lever, one arm of which is connected to said piston while the other arm is connected to a spring, which tends to move the lever so as to cause the piston to uncover the said port, a high-pressure chamber charged with liquid and air under pressure communicating with the explosionchamber through a stop-valve, a casing containing a flexible diaphragm subject onone side to the fluid-pressure in the high-pressure chamber, and on the other side to the pres sure of an adjustable spring, a detent device connected to said diaphragm and adapted to hold the said lever and piston in the position for closing the communication between the explosion-chamber and the low-pressure chamber until by a reduction of pressure in the high-pressure chamber, the said spring of the diaphragm moves this so as to cause the detent to release the said lever and allow its spring to move it and said pistoninto the position for uncovering the communication between the explosion and low-pressure chambers, substantially as described.

8. In a machine for producing liquid under pressure by the explosion of a combustible mixture in a chamber containing liquid, a device for introducing a mixture of pulverulent fuel and air into the said explosion-chamber, consisting of a chambered rotary drum 4:3 arranged between a fuel-reservoir and a mixingcommunication between said mixing-charaber and the explosion-chamber, and means for opening said cocks so as first to effect a mixture of compressed air with the charge of fuel previouslyintroduced into the mixingchamber and then to propel such mixture into an explosion-chamber, substantially as described. 1

9. In a machine for producing liquid under pressure, the combination of a compression and explosion chamber containing liquid in which charges of combustible mixture of fuel and air are compressed and exploded, a lowpressure chamber charged with liquid under pressure to be supplied to the explosion-chamber for compressing the charges therein, a high-pressure chamber for receiving liquid under pressure from the explosion-chamber and a device for supplying liquid to the said explosion and low-pressure chambers, consisting of a chamber connected firstly to a supply of liquid by a conduit with suctionvalve, secondly by a suction-pipe to a space in the explosion-chamber below a reciprocating piston therein, thirdly by a delivery-pipe with check-valve with the low-pressure chamber, and fourthly to an air vessel communicating with it between the suction and delivery valves, a cock in the suction-pipe and a cock in the passage to the air vessel, these cocks being turned by hand so as either to open the suction-pipe and close the channel to the air vessel or to close the suction-pipe and open the channel to the air vessel, substantially as and for the purpose described.

10. In a machine for producing liquid under pressure, the combination of a compression and explosion chamber containing liquid in which charges of combustible mixture of fuel and air are compressed and exploded, a low pressure chamber charged with liquid under pressure to be supplied to the explosion-chamber for compressing the charges therein, a high-pressure chamber for receiving liquid under pressure from the explosionchamberand a device for supplying the compressed charges in the explosion-chamber with additional air-pressure when required, consisting of a pipe connecting a supply of compressed air to the end of the explosionchamber containing the compressed charges,

a cock on said supply-pipe, the plug of which cock is held by adetent-lever in the closed position and is connected to a spring tending to turn it into the open position, a casing containing a flexible diaphragm connected to said detent-lever and subject on one side to the fluid-pressure in the said high-pressure chamber and on the other side to the pressure of an. adjustable spring so that on a reduction of pressure in the high-pressure chamber, the diaphragm-spring will move the latter and its detent-lever so as to release the plug of the said cock, which is then opened by its spring, thereby allowing compressed air to pass into the explosion-chamber, substantially as described.

11. In a machine for producing liquid under pressure, the combination of a compression and explosion chamber containing liquid in which charges of combustible mixture of fuel and air are compressed and exploded, and a device for preventing the formation of vortices in the liquid of said chamber 011 the explosion of a charge, which device consists firstly of a guide-piece 74 fixed in the center of the chamber, secondly'of a tubular division-wall 87 fixed therein dividing the lower part of the chamber into a central space and pressure, a third chamber, a piston-valve controlling connection between the liquidspaces of the second and third chambers,

valve-controlling connections between the Witnesses to the signature of Max Von Recklinghausen:

WILLIAM H. CAPEL, G. E. OHAPIN.

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