US7042688B2 - Neutral switch test mechanism for a circuit interrupter - Google Patents

Neutral switch test mechanism for a circuit interrupter Download PDF

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US7042688B2
US7042688B2 US10/613,667 US61366703A US7042688B2 US 7042688 B2 US7042688 B2 US 7042688B2 US 61366703 A US61366703 A US 61366703A US 7042688 B2 US7042688 B2 US 7042688B2
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neutral
load
phase
circuit interrupting
test
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US20040004795A1 (en
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David Y. Chan
James Richter
Gerald N. King
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Leviton Manufacturing Co Inc
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Leviton Manufacturing Co Inc
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Priority to US11/382,217 priority patent/US20070014058A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
    • H01H83/02—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by earth fault currents
    • H01H83/04—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by earth fault currents with testing means for indicating the ability of the switch or relay to function properly
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/26—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents
    • H02H3/32—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors
    • H02H3/33—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers
    • H02H3/334—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers with means to produce an artificial unbalance for other protection or monitoring reasons or remote control
    • H02H3/335—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers with means to produce an artificial unbalance for other protection or monitoring reasons or remote control the main function being self testing of the device

Definitions

  • the present application is directed to resettable circuit interrupting devices including without limitation ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCI's). Certain embodiments of the present application are directed to circuit interrupting devices using a neutral fault simulation. Certain embodiments of the present application are directed to circuit interrupting devices including a neutral to neutral test switch.
  • GFCI's ground fault circuit interrupters
  • GFCI devices such as the device described in commonly owned U.S. Pat. No. 4,595,894, use an electrically activated trip mechanism to mechanically break an electrical connection between the line side and the load side of a GFCI. Such devices are resettable after they are tripped by, for example, the detection of a ground fault.
  • the trip mechanism used to cause the mechanical breaking of the circuit includes a solenoid (or trip coil).
  • a test button is used to test the trip mechanism and circuitry used to sense faults, and a reset button is used to reset the electrical connection between line and load sides.
  • the present application relates to a resettable circuit interrupting devices that simulate a fault condition by simulating a neutral fault condition.
  • the neutral fault may be simulated by connecting a load neutral line to a line neutral line using a switch to create a feedback path in the sensor that will trigger the circuit interrupter.
  • the neutral fault may be simulated using a third wire through the transformer or by connecting a load phase line to a line phase line.
  • the fault switch is preferably configured to facilitate mechanical connection between the line and load neutral paths.
  • other known actuators are also contemplated.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a GFCI having an electrical test and bridge circuit according to the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a GFCI having an independent trip such as a mechanical trip for a test button and an electrical ground fault simulation test for reset lockout according to the present application;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a GFCI having an independent trip such as a mechanical trip for a test button and a mechanical switch (electrical test) for a neutral fault simulation test for reset lockout according to the present application;
  • FIGS. 4 a and 4 B is a mechanical switch to effectuate a neutral fault simulation for a GFCI such as that as shown in application Ser. No. 09/812,601.
  • the present application contemplates various types of circuit interrupting devices that are capable of breaking at least one conductive path at both a line side and a load side of the device.
  • the conductive path is typically divided between a line side that connects to supplied electrical power and a load side that connects to one or more loads.
  • the various devices in the family of resettable circuit interrupting devices include: ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCI's), arc fault circuit interrupters (AFCI's), immersion detection circuit interrupters (IDCI's), appliance leakage circuit interrupters (ALCI's) and equipment leakage circuit interrupters (ELCI's).
  • the structure or mechanisms used in the circuit interrupting devices are incorporated into a GFCI receptacle suitable for installation in a single-gang junction box used in, for example, a residential electrical wiring system.
  • the mechanisms according to the present application can be included in any of the various devices in the family of resettable circuit interrupting devices.
  • the GFCI receptacles described herein have line and load phase (or power) connections, line and load neutral connections and user accessible load phase and neutral connections.
  • the connections permit external conductors or appliances to be connected to the device. These connections may be, for example, electrical fastening devices that secure or connect external conductors to the circuit interrupting device, as well as conduct electricity. Examples of such connections include binding screws, lugs, terminals and external plug connections.
  • the GFCI receptacle has a circuit interrupting portion, a reset portion and a reset lockout as shown in commonly owned application Ser. No. 09/812,601.
  • the present invention utilizes a neutral fault simulation switch that allows resistor R 4 ′ of FIG. 1 , 283 to be removed.
  • a new switch such as that shown in FIGS. 4 a and 4 b will replace a neutral tab such that upon depressing the reset button, when the test is required, it will be accomplished using a neutral fault.
  • a GFCI having an electrical test and bridge circuit according to the present application.
  • a test trip is accomplished by pushing button 26 which closes the test circuit through current limiting resistor R 4 to create a simulated ground fault to trip the device.
  • FIG. 2 a schematic diagram of a GFCI having an independent trip such as a mechanical trip for a test button and an electrical ground fault simulation test for reset lockout according to the present application is shown.
  • the reset lockout test is accomplished by using a ground fault simulation through current limiting resistor R 4 ′.
  • FIG. 3 a schematic diagram of a GFCI having an independent trip such as a mechanical trip for a test button and a mechanical switch (electrical test) for a neutral fault simulation test for reset lockout according to the present application is shown.
  • the schematic shown has an independent mechanical trip for a test, but could have an electrical ground fault simulation test.
  • the test button may also fire a neutral fault test simulation.
  • the reset lockout test is accomplished by switch S 1 closing and completing a circuit from the line neutral 38 to the load neutral 40 . This circuit creates a feedback path that will trigger the device if it is working properly and the reset will be allowed.
  • an open neutral fault can be protected against using a continuous duty solenoid K 2 which will open the line side if power drops out such as an open neutral.
  • the neutral fault condition simulated is generally providing a low impedance path through the two transformers of the GFCI.
  • a switch similar to S 1 may accomplish a fault simulation by switching a circuit from the line phase 34 to the load phase 36 .
  • a third sense line may be used. A third wire through the sense transformers to simulate a fault.
  • FIG. 4 an particular neutral fault simulation switch is shown that may be used with the GFCI devices shown above.
  • circuit interrupting and device reset operations are electromechanical in nature
  • present application also contemplates using electrical components, such as solid state switches and supporting circuitry, as well as other types of components capable or making and breaking electrical continuity in the conductive path.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)

Abstract

Resettable circuit interrupting devices, such as GFCI devices, that include neutral fault test simulation.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is related to commonly owned application Ser. No. 09/812,288, filed Mar. 20, 2001, entitled Circuit Interrupting Device with Reset Lockout and Reverse Wiring Protection and Method of Manufacture, by inventors Steve Campolo, Nicholas L. DiSalvo and William R. Ziegler, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 09/379,138 filed Aug. 20, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,246,558, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 09/369,759 filed Aug. 6, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,282,070, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 09/138,955, filed Aug. 24, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,040,967, all of which are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference.
This application is related to commonly owned application Ser. No. 09/812,875, filed Mar. 20, 2001, entitled Reset Lockout for Sliding Latch GFCI, by inventors Frantz Germain, Stephen Stewart, David Herzfeld, Steve Campolo, Nicholas L. DiSalvo and William R. Ziegler, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 09/688,481 filed Oct. 16, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,437,700, all of which are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference.
This application is related to commonly owned application Ser. No. 09/812/624, filed Mar. 20, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,671,145, entitled Reset Lockout Mechanism and Independent Trip Mechanism for Center Latch Circuit Interrupting Device, by inventors Frantz Germain, Steven Stewart, Roger M. Bradley, David Chan, Nicholas L. DiSalvo and William R. Ziegler, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
This application is related to commonly owned application Ser. No. 09/379,140 filed Aug. 20, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,288,882, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 09/369,759 filed Aug. 6, 1999, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,282,070, which is a continuation-part of application Ser. No. 09/138,955, filed Aug. 24, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,040,967, all of which are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference.
BACKGROUND
1. Field
The present application is directed to resettable circuit interrupting devices including without limitation ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCI's). Certain embodiments of the present application are directed to circuit interrupting devices using a neutral fault simulation. Certain embodiments of the present application are directed to circuit interrupting devices including a neutral to neutral test switch.
2. Description of the Related Art
Presently available GFCI devices, such as the device described in commonly owned U.S. Pat. No. 4,595,894, use an electrically activated trip mechanism to mechanically break an electrical connection between the line side and the load side of a GFCI. Such devices are resettable after they are tripped by, for example, the detection of a ground fault. In the device discussed in the '894 patent, the trip mechanism used to cause the mechanical breaking of the circuit (i.e., the conductive path between the line and load sides) includes a solenoid (or trip coil). A test button is used to test the trip mechanism and circuitry used to sense faults, and a reset button is used to reset the electrical connection between line and load sides.
Commonly owned application Ser. No. 09/138,955, filed Aug. 24, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,040,967, which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference, describes a family of resettable circuit interrupting devices capable of locking out the reset portion of the device if certain conditions exist including the circuit interrupting portion being non-operational or if an open neutral condition, grounded neutral exists. Such device may use a simulated ground fault to initiate a device test.
Commonly owned application Ser. No. 09/379,138 filed Aug. 20, 1999, which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference, describes a family of resettable circuit interrupting devices capable of independently tripping and protecting against reverse wiring.
SUMMARY
The present application relates to a resettable circuit interrupting devices that simulate a fault condition by simulating a neutral fault condition. The neutral fault may be simulated by connecting a load neutral line to a line neutral line using a switch to create a feedback path in the sensor that will trigger the circuit interrupter.
Furthermore, the neutral fault may be simulated using a third wire through the transformer or by connecting a load phase line to a line phase line.
The fault switch is preferably configured to facilitate mechanical connection between the line and load neutral paths. However, other known actuators are also contemplated.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Preferred embodiments of the present application are described herein with reference to the drawings in which similar elements are given similar reference characters, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a GFCI having an electrical test and bridge circuit according to the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a GFCI having an independent trip such as a mechanical trip for a test button and an electrical ground fault simulation test for reset lockout according to the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a GFCI having an independent trip such as a mechanical trip for a test button and a mechanical switch (electrical test) for a neutral fault simulation test for reset lockout according to the present application;
FIGS. 4 a and 4B is a mechanical switch to effectuate a neutral fault simulation for a GFCI such as that as shown in application Ser. No. 09/812,601.
 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
The present application contemplates various types of circuit interrupting devices that are capable of breaking at least one conductive path at both a line side and a load side of the device. The conductive path is typically divided between a line side that connects to supplied electrical power and a load side that connects to one or more loads. As noted, the various devices in the family of resettable circuit interrupting devices include: ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCI's), arc fault circuit interrupters (AFCI's), immersion detection circuit interrupters (IDCI's), appliance leakage circuit interrupters (ALCI's) and equipment leakage circuit interrupters (ELCI's).
For the purpose of the present application, the structure or mechanisms used in the circuit interrupting devices, shown in the drawings and described hereinbelow, are incorporated into a GFCI receptacle suitable for installation in a single-gang junction box used in, for example, a residential electrical wiring system. However, the mechanisms according to the present application can be included in any of the various devices in the family of resettable circuit interrupting devices.
The GFCI receptacles described herein have line and load phase (or power) connections, line and load neutral connections and user accessible load phase and neutral connections. The connections permit external conductors or appliances to be connected to the device. These connections may be, for example, electrical fastening devices that secure or connect external conductors to the circuit interrupting device, as well as conduct electricity. Examples of such connections include binding screws, lugs, terminals and external plug connections.
The above-described features can be incorporated in any resettable circuit interrupting device having neutral fault protection, but for simplicity the descriptions herein are directed to GFCI receptacles.
In one embodiment, the GFCI receptacle has a circuit interrupting portion, a reset portion and a reset lockout as shown in commonly owned application Ser. No. 09/812,601.
In an embodiment using a mechanical independent trip test button, the present invention utilizes a neutral fault simulation switch that allows resistor R4′ of FIG. 1, 283 to be removed. A new switch such as that shown in FIGS. 4 a and 4 b will replace a neutral tab such that upon depressing the reset button, when the test is required, it will be accomplished using a neutral fault.
Referring to FIG. 1, a GFCI is described having an electrical test and bridge circuit according to the present application. As can be appreciated a test trip is accomplished by pushing button 26 which closes the test circuit through current limiting resistor R4 to create a simulated ground fault to trip the device.
Referring to FIG. 2 a schematic diagram of a GFCI having an independent trip such as a mechanical trip for a test button and an electrical ground fault simulation test for reset lockout according to the present application is shown. As can be appreciated, the reset lockout test is accomplished by using a ground fault simulation through current limiting resistor R4′.
Referring to FIG. 3 a schematic diagram of a GFCI having an independent trip such as a mechanical trip for a test button and a mechanical switch (electrical test) for a neutral fault simulation test for reset lockout according to the present application is shown. As can be appreciated, the schematic shown has an independent mechanical trip for a test, but could have an electrical ground fault simulation test. Similarly, the test button may also fire a neutral fault test simulation. As shown the reset lockout test is accomplished by switch S1 closing and completing a circuit from the line neutral 38 to the load neutral 40. This circuit creates a feedback path that will trigger the device if it is working properly and the reset will be allowed. As can be appreciated, an open neutral fault can be protected against using a continuous duty solenoid K2 which will open the line side if power drops out such as an open neutral.
The neutral fault condition simulated is generally providing a low impedance path through the two transformers of the GFCI. As can be appreciated, a switch similar to S1 may accomplish a fault simulation by switching a circuit from the line phase 34 to the load phase 36.
Certain circuit interrupters do not allow convenient access to the line side. In such situations and others such as high current devices, a third sense line may be used. A third wire through the sense transformers to simulate a fault.
Referring to FIG. 4, an particular neutral fault simulation switch is shown that may be used with the GFCI devices shown above.
As noted, although the components used during circuit interrupting and device reset operations are electromechanical in nature, the present application also contemplates using electrical components, such as solid state switches and supporting circuitry, as well as other types of components capable or making and breaking electrical continuity in the conductive path.
While there have been shown and described and pointed out the fundamental features of the invention, it will be understood that various omissions and substitutions and changes of the form and details of the device described and illustrated and in its operation may be made by those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims (1)

1. A circuit interrupting device comprising:
a housing;
a phase conductive path and a neutral conductive path each disposed at least partially within said housing between a line side and a load side, said phase conductive path terminating at a first connection capable of being electrically connected to a source of electricity, a second connection capable of conducting electricity to at least one load and a third connection capable of conducting electricity to at least one user accessible load, and said neutral conductive path terminating at a first connection capable of being electrically connected to a source of electricity, a second connection capable of providing a neutral connection to said at least one load and a third connection capable of providing a neutral connection to said at least one user accessible load;
a circuit interrupting portion disposed within said housing and configured to cause electrical discontinuity in said phase and neutral conductive paths between said line side and said load side upon the occurrence of a predetermined condition; and
a reset portion disposed at least partially within said housing and configured to reestablish electrical continuity in said phase and neutral conductive paths; and
said circuit interrupting device further comprising a reset lockout portion that prevents reestablishing electrical continuity in said phase and neutral conductive paths only if a neutral fault simulation test is successful.
US10/613,667 2001-03-20 2003-07-03 Neutral switch test mechanism for a circuit interrupter Expired - Lifetime US7042688B2 (en)

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US10/613,667 US7042688B2 (en) 2001-03-20 2003-07-03 Neutral switch test mechanism for a circuit interrupter
US11/382,217 US20070014058A1 (en) 2003-07-03 2006-05-08 Neutral switch test mechanism for a circuit interrupter

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US10/613,667 US7042688B2 (en) 2001-03-20 2003-07-03 Neutral switch test mechanism for a circuit interrupter

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US20050002138A1 (en) * 1998-08-24 2005-01-06 Frantz Germain Ground fault circuit interrupter with locking reset button
US20050002137A1 (en) * 2003-01-30 2005-01-06 Frantz Germain Circuit interrupting device with reset lockout and user load test to reset activation
US20060198071A1 (en) * 1998-08-24 2006-09-07 Steve Campolo Circuit interrupting device with reset lockout and reverse wiring protection and method of manufacture
US20070014058A1 (en) * 2003-07-03 2007-01-18 Chan David Y Neutral switch test mechanism for a circuit interrupter
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