US700181A - Process of refining oils. - Google Patents

Description

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No. 7oo,|s|. Patented may 2o, 19.02.

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UNITED STATES` l OFFICE.

EDOUARD DOUILLET, on LA cARENNEcoLoMBEs, FRANCE.

PROCESS OF REFINING OILS.

SPECIFICATION forming'part of Leaer Patntno; 70,181, dated May 2o, 1902'.

Applicationled June 14, 1901-. Serial I To6 4| 5`85. "(NO Specimens.)

To alt whom it 1v1/ay concern..- c

Be it known that I, EDOUARD D OUILLE'T, a citizen of the French Republic, and a resident of La Garenne-Colombes, Seine, France, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes of Oil-Refining, of'which the following is a specification.y

Oils sold in commerce are ottenv'ery'impure. They contain organic bodies which give them a normal color and a disagreeable taste. manner, but others cannot be so treated.

These are oils having been used in the ishpreserving trade, which take a brownish color and retain a most disagreeable fishy taste and smell. Certain natural oils also which :have been applied to divers usages resist the ordi# nary treatment of puriication. f

The process forming the object of the'present invention realizes the complete purification of oils and similar substances. 1

The principle consists in the combination of three Well-known agents-'alcohol, steam, and animal-charcoal with or without admixture of carbonate of magnesia-'Whichare applied in succession in a suitable temperature.

If alcoholic vapors arev caused to pass through a tank of oil to be refined, this vapor is charged with odoriferous particles. However, this operation is not sufficient to remove the color and rancidity from the oil. If after the passage of the alcohol a jet of superheated steam is caused to pass through the oil, this steam carries with it the remaining impuritiesand notably deoxidizes the oil, which owes its rancidity to a partial oxygenation. To facilitate this operation, a current of hydrogen may be caused to pass through the oil, and this current, owing to the high temperature at which the operation takes place, acts very energetically.

Besides the before-mentioned agents benzin or sulid of carbon may be used: In this case the fatty portions of the matter submitted to the operation are .extracted by means of the benzin or sulid of carbn. Then superheated steam is passed through the oil under treatment. This steam, as before stated, separates the impurities and deoXidizes the oil. Lastly, alcoholic vapor at a high temperature is passed through the oil andbe- Certain oils can be renedin the usual-i comes charged with the im pure and cdorifer ous i particles.

In orderto clearly describe my improved process, Ihave shown a preferred form of apparatus which has been made the subject of a separate application, Serial No. 74,7 62.

The accompanyingdrawings, given by way of example, showl an installation for reining by means of alcohol, steam, and animal-charcoal,'aswell as an installation in which benzinorfsulfi'd of: carbon are used conjointly IIWith the'said agents.

Figure 1 is an elevation of the first-named installation. Fig; 2 represents in elevation the second kind of installation. Fig. 3 is a plan View of the latter. Y

The apparatus in'which the refining takes placeconsists of a tank placed in another tank12, containing'chlorid of calcium or any other solution capable of a temperature of about 150". This tank 2 is heated at -the bottom by means of a furnace 3, serving also to heat a similar bath 4, surrounding the vessel 5, theuse of which will be hereinafter de= scribed. The tank 1- ishermetically closed by means of a cover G, the level of the oil be- @in g shownbythe tube 7 The alcoholic vapor is 'produced by vthe alembic 8 and passes tthrough the tube 9 into fthe'descending tube l`10, which passes through the cover 8 and ends near thebottom'in a circular tube 1,1, provided with a plurality of holes through which the alcoholicvapor escapes, passing through the mass ofgoil. This-vapor escapes through the tube 12 and is conducted into the bottom part of the receptacle 5, serving to filter the alcohol by means of the potash contained in the basket 13 and is maintained at a high temperature by a solution similar to that in the tank 1. The filtered alcohol Vescapes through the tube 1i to enter the serpentine 15, wherein the alcohol is condensed and is collected in a suitable receptacle, while the cooling-water arrives through'the pipe 16 and overiiows through the pipe 17. After the alcohol has been allowed to act during a sufficient time steam is then brought to bear upon the mass. For this purpose the tube 10 is furnished with a three-way cock 18, and steam is then introduced by means of the pipe 19, the cock being turned so as to shut oft the IOO communication with the alcohol alembic. The steam escapes through the pipe 20, furnished with a cock closed during the action by alcohol. After the action by steam the refined oil is drawn off by the cock 21, and a fresh quantity is introduced through the funnel-tube 22, which is bent at its lower end, so as to prevent any admission of air. The refined oil is then filtered through the animalcharcoal and carbonate of magnesia. Acock 23 allows the solu tion of potash formed by the Water conveyed into the vessel by the alcohol to be drawn off. Thermometers 24 25 are placed in the baths of chlorid of calcium in order to maintain the temperature below boiling-point.

In the form of execution shown in Figs. 2 and 3, 26 is an alembic heated by steam and containingbenzin or suld of carbon in which the fatty matters to be treated have been previously dissolved. After distilling, the object of which is to recuperate the benzin or sulfid of carbon condensed in the cooling-serpentine 27, the substances forced by a pump into the purifier' 29 are run out through the cock 28, the said substances entering by the tube 30, bent'at its end to prevent air from entering therein. This end is immersed in the bath. Steam is then used, being supplied from a generator 31 and entering through 32 to leave through the horizontal portion of the perforated tube 33. This steam passes through the mass under treatment. It may be allowed to escape through 34 or be recuperated in the cooling-serpentine 35. After the steam has performed its work the alcoholic vapor is brought into operation. This alcoholic vapor is produced by the alembic 3G, heated by steam furnished by the generator 3l, and passes through the contents of the purifier 29. It enters by 3l and acts in the same Way as the steam, which enters by the tube 33 and is condensed in the serpentine 35, returning from thence to the alembic 36. When the condensations of Water or alcohol have increased the volume of the substance treated, as shown by the indicatorlevel 38, fitted to the purifier 29, they are drawn off through the cock 39, placed above the level of the substance to be treated. In order to maintain a high temperature in the substance under treatment, a serpentine 40 is placed at the base of the filter 29. This serpentine is heated by steam supplied by the generator. Should this heat be insufficient, the purifier 29 is immersed in a bath of chlorid of calcium or any other suitable solution giving a temperature of about A thermometer placed at 4l indicates the temperature of the substances under treatment. The steam-piping conveying the steam from the generator to the apparatus is shown by 42 and the return-pipes for condensed steam by 43.

The above-described process is applied to the purifying of oils, grains, tallow, glycerin, vaseline, Wax, and other fatty substances having been used in industrial operations; also, preserving-oils and lubricating substances having passed through working parts of machines, glycerin which has been used in refrigerating processes, and the like substances. This process can also be applied to the extraction of the perfume of fowers.

Having fully described my invention, what I desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. A process for refining oils and the like, which consists in passing a current of alcoholic vapors through the oil, then in passing a current of steam through the oil, and finally in filtering the oil so treated, substantially as described.

2. The process for refining oils and the like, which consists in dissolving the oil in benzin, passing successive currents of alcoholic vapors and a current of steam and in filtering the oil after said treatments, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two witnesses.

EDOUARD DOUILLET.

fitnessesz EDWARD P. MACLEAN, ADoLPI-In STURM.

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