US699635A - Cremator for refuse. - Google Patents

Description

Patented May 6, |902.

R. ROBINSON.

CREMATUR FOB REFUSE.

'\Applica.tion led May 25, 1899.\ (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Shet 2.

No. 699,635. Patented May 6, i902.

H. ROBINSON.

CREMATOR FOR REFUSE.

(Application filed May 25, 1899.) (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

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UNTTED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ROBERT ROBINSON, OF PORTLAND, OREGON, ASSIGNOR TO ROBERT E. ROBINSON, HERBERT E. ROBINSON, AND BLANCHE M. ROBINSON, VOF

' PORTLAND, OREGON.

CREMATOR FOR REFUSE.

SPEClFlGAT-ION forming part 0f Letters Patent NO. 699,635, dated May 6, 1902.

Application filed May 25, 1899. Serial No. 718,244. (No model.)

My invention relates to cremators for the destruction or garbage, waste, and other refuse matter. Y Y

My primary object in conceiving my improvements was to minimize the time and incidental labor and fuel consumed in the operation of the cremato'r with a view to economy and also to obtain the best sanitary re-y sults.

It has heretofore beenthe practice to dump the refuse matter to be cremated directlyin to the burning-chamber or furnace. There is a serious objection to this practice, for usually the refuse mattei' contains a considerable amount of moisture, which reduces the temperature in the burning-chamber and retards the process of cremation, requiring more time and fuel, and consequently more expense. I reduce this objectionable feature to a minimum by the introduction of two preliminary steps or treatments of the refuse before discharging the same into the burning-chamber. The rst of such steps or treatments consists in draining the excessive moisture off the refuse in a suitable contrivance constituting an appurtenance and part of my cremator, and

the second step consists in drying such refuse before throwing the same into the crematingchamber to render the same as combustible as possible, such drying being done in a chamber for that purpose provided and heated by radiation by the heat produced in the cremation-chan1bers- The first step above stated may be omitted, if thought preferable, at any time, my cremator being so arranged that the use of the drainage appurtenance is optional, and the refuse may be thrown directly into both the drying and burning chambers, all dry and combustible matter being placed immediately in the main burning-chamber to augment combustion and save fuel.

Figure l is a longitudinal vertical section,

through the center on line a al, of the lower and upper burning-chambers, a transverse section of Which is seen in the right half of Figs. 3, 4, and 5. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section, through the center on line b b, of the heat-escape passage and drying-chamber, a transverse section of which is seen in the left half of Figs. 3, 4, and 5. Fig. 3 is a vertical cross-section through coking-chamber and fire-box on line c c, Figs. l and 2, leading to heat-escape passage 25 beneath drying-chamber 27 and water-evaporating tank or retort 32. Fig. 4 is a vertical cross-section through fire-box, drying and burning table over same, and water-evapo'rating tank or retort, the section being taken on line d d, Figs.

1 and 2. Fig. 5 is avertical cross-section taken y,

on a line e e extending vertically through Figs. l and 2 and shows in elevation the draining and dumping tanks and the lower main burning-chamber, heat-escape passage 25, drying-chamber 27, charge or feed holes, and the dust and gas collecting duct 12, leading to smoke-stack. Fig. 6 is a vertical section taken diametrically through the self-sealing cover for charge or feed holes. Fig. 7 is a perspective elevation of the receiving, draining, and dumping tank; and Fig. 8 is a like elevation of the catch-basin for the water draining from the garbage introduced in the dumping-tank referred to in Fig. 7. Fig. 9 is a detail of construction for table-arch and drying-floors in burning and drying chambers, and Fig. 10 is a partial plan of the same details seen in Fig. 9.

In its outward appearance my cremator represents an apparatus constructed of incombustible material. In its interior arrangement it comprises a fire-box 1, leading into the primary burning-chamber l, into which the refuse is dropped from the main burning-chamber 2 through the bars or open grating 3 in the. floor thereof. The `flue 4 passes beneath and communicates withasecondary fire-box 5, such flue 4 having escapes 4, respectively controlled by dampers 4l. The function of the dampers 4b is to close the escapes 4 when it is desired to direct the lire under the drying and burning table 6.

Table 6al is for a like purpose as table 6. Both of these tables occupy spaces which would otherwise be of no use in the burning of refuse and at the same time give increased area for the drying and burning of wet refuse. The table 6 directs the heat from the primary burning-chamber and the secondary fire-box into the main burning-chambers. The position of the, tables 6 6 is such that they'receive the full benefit of all the heat produced within the cremator, and for this reason will dry and burn wet refuse faster than the tables 26 and 26,

7 7 represent a carbonizing and burning chamber. When the dampers 4b are closed, the chamber 7 is cut off from any direct fire, but becomes heated by radiation through drying and burning table 6. The chamber 7 also receives vsome heat from the main burningchamber 2. When chamber7 is cut off from direct fire, it is in condition to dry and carboniz'e the refuse deposited on table 6 to render such refuse in as good combustible state as possible without waste of fuel. The dampers 4b may thereupon be opened and the fire allowed to reach the carbonized refuse to consume the same. Upon the cremation process having been completed the residuum is stoked olf the table 6 and allowed to fall through the grate-bars 3 on the ash-pan lb at the bottom ofl burning-chamber l, This is a water-tight pan. The ashes are removed from the pan 1b by means of an ash-hoe through doors 1,of which there are a series in the working side of primary burning-chamber, the position of such doors being indicated in dotted outlines in Fig. l. The ashes are lthen raked onto a grating 8, separating the unconsumable bulkymatter from the ashes, the latter dropping into a car 9, running on rails in a passage 10 for that purpose provided. Connected with the passage 10 are a series of air pipes or ducts 11, communicating with a larger air pipe or duct 12, which in turn communicates with the flue or main smoke-stack. The object of this arrangement is to remove by the air-suction so produced all dust and odors rising from ythe ashes, the 'air drawn through the grate 8 also keeping the same sufficiently cool, so that it maybe walked on by attendants. The grating 8 is adapted to be lifted in parts to leave openings through which the bulky unburned refuse can be discharged into cars 9. To promote combustion, air is introduced through pipes 13 14 15.

In the main burning-chamber 2 the cremation of the bulk of the refuse takes place, the fires from the two independent fire-boxes 1 and 5 beingled into such chamber. All refuse which is in a fairly-dry state may be thrown directlyinto the chamber 2 through chargingholes 16. The smoke and gases generated in chamber 2 escape through passage-way 17 into.

coking-chamber 18 or third independent tirebox, (see also Fig. 3,) which is partially filled with coal deposited upon a solid table. From the chamber 18 the smoke and gases referred to, together with that given off by the cokin g coal, escapes through passage 2O into coke ire -box and gas-burning chamber 21, the gases b'eing completely burned in passing from chamber 2l through a checkered opened arch 22. The coked coal is shoved from the table 19 and allowed to burn on a grate 23 in the bottom of the fire-box 21. The hot gases or products of combustion issue from the fire box or chamber 2l and are conducted through a passage-way 24into the extensionchamber 25, Fig. 2, so called, because the larger area of this chamber allows the gases escaping from the confinement of passageway 24 to expand, retarding their travel through the chamber 25 and causing them to more thoronghlyimpart their heat to the inclined tables 26 of the drying-chamber 27. Into the latter chamber wet refuse is dumped from dumping and draining tank 28 through charging-holes 16. A removable hopper or funnel 29 is used for emptying the contents of tanks 28 28 down the charging-holes 16 16, The heat from the chamber 25 passes through passage-way 30 into tank-chamber 31 and is there again utilized in heating the tank 32 and evaporating the water draining into such tank from dumping and draining tanks 28 and 28 through suitable pipes, the

receiving and discharging ends of which alone are shown and indicated by 33 33a. y The steam produced in tank 32 passes out and is conveyed through pipe 34 into pipe 13 beneath fire-grate 23, the connecting-pipe not being shown. The tank 32 has a clean-out 35 and removable cover 3,6. The waste heat from chamber 25 finally escapes through passage-ways 37 37a, provided with dampers 38 38a, into smoke-stack.

39 shows pipe-section through which airis supplied to expansion-cells 40, from which the air is fedthrough a number of small openings 41 into primary burning-chamber 1a.

42 represents arched passage-ways through which the dried refuse is stoked off the table 26 into main burning-chamber2 and distributed over the opened. grating 3. The stoking of the refuse on table 26 is done through holes 43, having removable covers or doors, and like holes 44, also having removable covers or doors, allow the stoking of the refuse on grating in main burning-chamber.

The charging-hole 161 is for the purpose of charging the carbonizing and burning chamber 7 over table 6.

4, Fig. 1, shows one of two small vfines extending laterally and perpendicularly and communicating with passage 5"L from passage or flue 4. Such fines 4c are provided with dampers, and the function thereof is to provide an auxiliary escape for the gases from primary burning-chamber 1 to main burning-chamber 2.

In Figs. 7 and 8 I show details of thereceiving, draining, and dumping tanks 28 28a and of the catch-basins in which such tanks are contained. The functions of the former IOO IIS

are suggested in the compound name given the same, which is to say the catch-basin seen in Fig. 8 and designated by 45 45L in Figs. 4 and 5 are placed stationary in connection with body of creinator, being suspended from horizontal girders, (not Ashown,) and within such basin rest the tanks 28 28, having perforated sides and bottoms adapting the same to drain the water off the wet refuse thrown therein. These tanks are made of sheet-steel and have flanges 28h, resting on the rim of the catch-basin, such flanges being angle-irons bolted to the sides of the tank, and ears 28, through which extend rods 28d, whereby said tanks are hinged to rests 46 on the girders supporting the catch-basins. Said tanks are provided with a cover 28e, having a hinged lifting part 28f for opening the tank to receive and for discharging the refuse. The tanks 28 28a are lifted by means of cables or chains 47, running over pulleys to point of power, and are divided at the end in two, so as to be adapted to fasten to ears 28g. A short chain 48 is attached at one end to the ear'28h on the lifting part of the cover and the other end thereof being connected with the -cable 47, so that when raising the tanks 28 28 the liftingsection 28f of the cover will automatically be opened. This operation is shown in Fig. 5 at 28.

Fig. 6 shows a detail of the construction of the covers 48. This comprises a cast-iron outer casing 48, to the bottom of the rim of which is bolted a ring 48", supporting a tile lining 49. The rim of said cover is provided with a flange 50, resting in a groove 5l, filled with sand or other suitable sealing substance, in a ring 5l for that purpose provided. The rings 5l are affixed to the mouths ofthe charging-holes 16 16,

52 52 are two pipes communicating with and Ventilating the drain-pipes 33 33a from basins 45 45 and leading to a suction-fan, by the action of which the air and gases therein drawn are forced through pipes 39 into the primary burning-chamber la. By the same means odors are prevented from rising from the refuse deposited in the tanks 28 28a.

Fig. 9 is a perspective plan, and Fig. 10 `is a plan, of the construction of the tables 6 6 26 26. This construction is one of the features of my invention. The use of these tables has been already stated, and it will be remember-ed that the table 6 is provided to receive refuse that has been drained, but is still quite wet. The table 6a is for the same purpose, and the tables 26 26 are also for the same purpose,but placed within drying-chamber 27. With such use in view my object was to obtain a table of strong construction and yet adapted to offer as little resistance to and become readily heated by the radiated heat. The arches supporting the tables are built to allow for expansion without producing open joints in the floors. The arches comprise the transverse courses, as 53 58 53h, which furnish the bearing strength of the arches, and

the longitudinal courses 54 54 54h, which furnish the binding strength. On the upper surface of these courses are placed the tiles 55 for the flooring, having lips on all four sides for lapping over each other, as seenin Fig. 9. The center of the lap-joints of the tiles will come over the center ofthe bearing and binding courses. Any opening in the joints of the courses due to expansion, it is apparent, will be in the longitudinally-extending binding courses. Large openings 56 are left between the intersecting courses, through which the heat can reach the tile flooring.

Now what I claim isl. The combination in a cremator of a lower or primary fire-box and burning-chamber, an upper or main burning-chamber extending over the lprimary fire-'box and burning-chain-` the said primary and main burning-chambers,

passing under and around such second hrebox, a drying and burning table as`6 located over the second fire-box, and a branch fine eX- tending around and over said table, which branch flue may be closed, the main burningchamber communicating with the smokestack, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination in a crelnator of a lower or primary lire-box and burning-chamber, an upper or main burning-chamber extending over the primary fire-boxand burning-chamber, a portion of the base of the upper or main chamberover the primary re-box being a tile flooring or table and the remainder an open grating, a second independent fire-boina communicating passage-way or flue between the said primary and main burning-chambers, passing undeg` and around such second firebox,\a drying and burning table as 6 located over the second {ire-box, and a branch flue eX- tending around and over said table which branch flue is controlled by a damper whereby such branch flue may be closed, the main burning chamber communicating with the smoke stack, there being suitable chargeholes in the roof of such burning-chamber, and over the burning table, through which to throw the refuse, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination in acremator of a lower or primary fire-box and burning-chamber, an upper or main burning-chamber extending over the primary lire-box and burning-chamber, a'portion of the base of the upper or main chamber over the primary nre-box being a tile flooringl or table and the remainder an open grating, a second independentre-box, acommunicating passage-wayor flue between the said primary and main burning-chambers,

passing under and around such fire-box, a drying and burning table as 6 located over the second fire-box, and a branch flue extending around and over said table, which branchd [lue is controlled by a damper whereby such IOO IIO

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branch iue may be closed, the main burningchamber communicating with the smokestack, a series of doors inthe working sides of the primary burning-chamber for the removal of ashes, and a grated elevated platform', as l8, extending beneath, outside of, said doors, there being suitable charge-holes in the roof of such burning-chamber, and over the burning table, through which to throw refuse, substantially as set forth.

4. The combination in a cremator of a lower or primary fire-box and burning-chamber, an upper or main burning-chamber extending over the primary tire-box and burning-chamber, a portion of the base of the upper or main chamber over the primary ire-box being a tile iooring or table and the remainder an open grating, a second independent fire-box, a communicating passage-way or flue between the said primary and main burning-chambers, passing under and around such second iirefV box, a drying and burning table, as 6, located over the second lire-box, and a branch line extending around and over said table, which lbranch flue is controlled by a damper whereby such branchvflue may be closed, the main burning-chamber communicating with the smoke-stack, a series of doors in the working side of the primary burning-chamber for the removal of ashes, and a grated elevated platform, as 8, extending beneath, outside of, saidl doors, there being suitable charge-holes in the roof of such burning-chamber, and over the burning-table, through which to throw refuse, a series of pipes or ducts as 11, the outer ends of which extend beneath said elevated platform and are connected with means causing an air-suction through such pipes, for removing the odors and dust occasioned by pulling the ashes and unburned refuse out,

of the primary burning-chamber onto said platform, substantially as set Lforth.

5. The combination in a cremator of a lower or primary tire-box and burning-cham ber, an upper or main burning-chamber extending over the primary fire-box and burning-chamber, a portion of the base of the upper or main chamber over the primary tire-box being a tile iooring or table and the remainder an open grating, a second independent lire-box, a communicating passage-way or flue between the said primary and main burning-chambers, passing under and around such second firebox, a drying and burning table as 6 located over the second fire-box, -and a branch iiue extending around and over said table which branch flue is controlled by a damper whereby such branch line may be closed, a third independent flre-box, as 18, connected by a passage-way with the main burning-chamber and the smoke-stack, there being suitable chargeholes in the root ot such burning-chamber and over the burning-table 6 through which to throw the refuse, substantially as set forth 6. rlhe combination in a cremator of a lower or primary lire-box and burning-chamber, an

upper or main burning-chamber extending over the primary fire-box and burning-chamL ber, a portion of the base of the upper or main chamber-.over the primary fire-box vbeing a tile lflooring or table and the remainder an open grating, a second independent tire-box,

Va communicating passage-way or flue between the said pri mary and main burning-chambers, passing under and around such second irebox, a drying and burning table, as 6, located over the second fire-box, and a branch flue extending around and over said table which branch flueis controlled by a damper whereby such branch iue may be closed, a third independent iire-box, as 18, connected by a passage-way with the main burning-cham ber, said third {ire-box comprising two contiguous independent compartments connected with each by an intermediate passage-way, one being a coking-chamber, having a closed ioor and the other being a burning-chamber with grating Iioor, and there being a checker-arch within the said burning-chamber, an expansion-chamber 25, connected by passage-ways with the said third re-box 18, and having a suitable damper-controlled heatescape,a dry-v ing and burning chamber 27 located above said expansion-chamber 25,having a closed floor and connected by passage-ways with the main burning-chamber 2, there being suitable charge-holes for throwing the refuse into the cremator, substantially as described.

7. The combination inl a cremator of alower or primary ire-box and burning-chamber, an upper or main burning-chamber extending over the primary tire-box and burning-chamber, a portion of the base of the upper or main chamber over the primary re-box being a tile ooring or table, and the remainder an open grating, a second independent fire-box, a communicating passage-way or flue between the said primary and main burning-chambers, passing under and around such second ire box, a drying and burning table as G located over the second fire-box, and a branch flue extending around and over said table, which branch flue is controlled by a damper whereby such branch line may be closed, a third independent fire-box as 18 connected by a passageway with the main burning-chamber, said third tire-box comprising two contiguous independent compartments connected with each by an intermediate passage-way one being a coking-chamber, having a closed oor and the other being a burning-chamber with grating floor, and there being a checker-arch within the said burning chamber, an expansionchamber 25, connected by passage-ways with the said third tire-box 18 and communicating with chamber as 3l, provided with a tank for receiving, and in which to evaporate water drained from the receiving and dumping tanks, said chamber 81 having a suitable damper-controlled heat-escape, a drying and burning chamber 27 located above said expansion-chamber 25 having a closed ioor and connected by passage-ways with the main burning -chamber 2, there being suitable IIO v charge-holes for throwing the refuse into the cremator, each of said charge-holes being provided with a suitable receiving or dumping tank adapted to discharge its contents through such charge-holes and to drain its contents into a catch-basin, forsuch purpose provided, the catch-basin having a pipe for conveying the water collected into the evaporating-tank, substantially as described.

8. Thecombination in a crematorof a lower or primary tire-box and burning-chamber, an upper 0r main burning-chamber extending over the primary tire-box and burning-chamber, a portion of the base of the upper or main chamber over the primary tire-box being a tile flooring or table and the remainder an open grating, a second independent {ire-box, a communicating passage -way or iiue between the said primary and main burning-chambers, passing under and around such second fire-box, a drying and burning table, as 6, located over the second fire-box, and a branch flue extending around and over said table which branch iiue is controlled by a damper whereby such branch flue may be closed, a third independent iire-box, as 13 connected by a passage-way with the main burningchamber, said third tire-box comprising two contiguous independent compartments connected with each by an intermediate passageway one being a coking-chamber, having a closed iioor and the other being a burningchamber with grating iioor, and there being a checker-arch Within the said burning-chamber, an expansion-chamber 25, connected by passage-ways with the said third fire-box 18 and communicating with chamber as 3l, provided with a tank for receiving, and in which to evaporate water drained from the receivin gr and dumping tanks, said chamber 3l havinga suitable damper-controlled heat-escape,

ing suitable charge-holes for throwing the ref-- use into the cremator, each of said charge-` holes being provided with a suitable recelv-y ing or dumping tank adapted to discharge its contents through such charge-holes and to drain its contents into a catch-basin, for suchl purpose provided, the catch-basins having pipes as 33, 33fL for conveying the water collected into the evaporating-tank, and means kfor producing an air-suction through said catch-basins and drain-pipes 33 33 for removal of the oensive gases and conveyance of the same into a burning-chamber to be there consumed, substantially as described.

9. The combination in a refuse-furnace of the receiving hopper emptying i into the charge-hole, the catch-basins in which such hopper rests,`and the coverforthehopper, of means for lifting such hopper at an end and simultaneously therewith its cover, substantially as described. f

10."In a cremator, or furnace, the combination of the combustion-chamber, a superimposed heating-chamber, and an `intermediate, or dividing table. or floor, consisting of bearing courses, binding courses-intersecting the former, -and lipped tiles covering the openings between such intersecting courses, substantially as described.

In testimony whereofV I have hereunto ai'- tixed my signature in the presence of two Witnesses.

ROBT. ROBINSON.

lVitnesses:

H. R. ROBINSON, T. J. GEISLER.

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