US6944177B2 - Method and apparatus for providing power control for CDMA dispatch services - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for providing power control for CDMA dispatch services Download PDFInfo
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- US6944177B2 US6944177B2 US10/434,541 US43454103A US6944177B2 US 6944177 B2 US6944177 B2 US 6944177B2 US 43454103 A US43454103 A US 43454103A US 6944177 B2 US6944177 B2 US 6944177B2
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- Prior art keywords
- power control
- dispatch
- indication
- control signaling
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/30—TPC using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power
- H04W52/32—TPC of broadcast or control channels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/24—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts
- H04B7/26—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile
- H04B7/2628—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile using code-division multiple access [CDMA] or spread spectrum multiple access [SSMA]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
- H04W52/28—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using user profile, e.g. mobile speed, priority or network state, e.g. standby, idle or non transmission
- H04W52/288—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using user profile, e.g. mobile speed, priority or network state, e.g. standby, idle or non transmission taking into account the usage mode, e.g. hands-free, data transmission, telephone
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/54—Signalisation aspects of the TPC commands, e.g. frame structure
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to communication systems and, in particular, to providing power control for CDMA dispatch services.
- CDMA systems are interference-limited systems.
- the IS95/CDMA2000 standard seeks to minimize interference on reverse links (i.e., access channels) during call setup through the use of low power access probes.
- the standard seeks to minimize interference during calls by using closed loop power control techniques.
- the base station measures signal strength (E/I) received from the mobile subscriber (MS) and sends an up/down power adjustment instruction via a power control sub-channel (i.e., dedicated bits in a forward link frame).
- E/I signal strength
- MS mobile subscriber
- FER frame error rate
- dispatch (or group) calls typically involve several MSs, all participating in the call.
- a dispatch call one MS is transmitting (i.e., in talk mode) while the other members of the group are receiving (i.e., in listening mode) at any given time.
- PTT Push-to-talk
- a message is sent to the BS, and the BS places the traffic channel in an “open mode.” While in this mode, any other MS can request a transmit prerogative by signaling a PTT.
- the BS allocates a transmit prerogative to the first arriving request. While this description is for a single-cell call, it can be applied to a multi-cell call with the addition of a central dispatch call controller, which arbitrates transmit prerogative requests instead of a controlling BS.
- group call voice frames are transmitted using standard CDMA traffic channel procedures except that a common long code is used instead of an individual long code computed from the MS's ESN.
- the MSs in the group call share a single traffic channel.
- listening mode MSs cannot request forward power adjustment by the BS.
- distant listening MSs which require greater forward power from the BS, may experience excessive frame error rates and unacceptable voice quality. Therefore, a need exists for an apparatus and method to provide power control for listening participants of CDMA dispatch services.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram depiction of a communication system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram depiction of a base site and mobile station in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a logic flow diagram of a method executed by a base site in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- the concept of “shared channel signaling windows” for traffic channels is described.
- the beginning of a signaling window is announced on the traffic channel and the remote units with the highest frame error rates compute the shortest transmit delays.
- the remote units transmit their power control signaling according to their transmit delays.
- listening participants are given an opportunity, according to need, to perform power control signaling on the group traffic channel.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram depiction of a communication system 100 in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention.
- Communication system 100 is a well-known Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, specifically a CDMA2000 system, which is based on the Telecommunications Industry Association/Electronic Industries Association (TIA/EIA) standard IS-2000, suitably modified to implement the present invention. (The TIA/EIA can be contacted at 2001 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Washington, D.C. 20006).
- CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
- TIA/EIA Telecommunications Industry Association/Electronic Industries Association
- IS-2000 Telecommunications Industry Association/Electronic Industries Association
- communication system 100 may utilize other cellular communication system protocols such as, but not limited to, IS-95.
- Communication system 100 includes radio access network (RAN) entities, such as base site (BS) 105 , which comprises one or more base transceiver stations (BTSs).
- BS 105 has a service coverage area depicted by service coverage area 101 .
- Communication system 100 also includes remote units 120 - 122 .
- remote units typically, a remote unit comprises a mobile station (MS), but it may instead comprise, for example, a desktop computer wirelessly connected to the RAN.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram depiction of base site 105 and mobile station 120 in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention.
- BS 105 and MS 120 communicate via air interface resource 110 .
- air interface resource 110 comprises a CDMA traffic channel for which a common long code is used instead of a CDMA 2000 individual long code that is computed from an ESN.
- a common long code is described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 6,519,239 (U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/443,538), referenced above.
- the use of a common long code allows MS 120 - 122 to share traffic channel 110 .
- MS 120 and BS 105 comprise well-known entities such as processors 203 and 213 , transmitters 201 and 211 , and receivers 202 and 212 .
- Processors typically comprise components such as microprocessors, digital signal processors, memory, and/or logic circuitry designed to implement algorithms that have been expressed as computer instructions and/or in circuitry. Given an algorithm or a logic flow, those skilled in the art are aware of the many design and development techniques available to implement a processor that performs the given logic.
- a known CDMA 2000 BS is adapted using known telecommunications design and development techniques to implement the logic flow depicted in FIG. 3 .
- the result is BS 105 .
- a known CDMA 2000 MS is adapted using known telecommunications design and development techniques to implement the logic flow depicted in FIG. 4 .
- the result is MS 120 .
- MSs 120 - 122 are members of a dispatch group.
- Receiver 202 of BS 105 receives content for the dispatch group from a talking dispatch group member (MS 122 ) via traffic channel (TCH) 110 .
- This content may include, for example, dispatch group call voice, video, data, text messaging, or any combination of these in the form of broadcast, multicast, or unicast information.
- the content transmitted by talking MS 122 is retransmitted by BS 105 via the forward link of traffic channel 110 and received by listening MS 121 and 120 (via receiver 212 ).
- processor 203 of BS 105 When processor 203 of BS 105 detects inactivity in the dispatch content, processor 203 sends, via transmitter 201 , an indication to the dispatch group that power control signaling by non-talking (i.e., listening mode) dispatch group members may be transmitted for a period of time.
- Forward power control signaling such as an MS Power Measurement Report is an example of this type of signaling.
- BS 105 There are at least two types of inactivity detected by BS 105 : a relative silence in dispatch group call voice activity and an indication from the talking dispatch group member that another group member may talk.
- MSs transmit voice at different rates depending on the voice activity. Active voice is transmitted at full rate and half rate, while low activity voice or relative silence is transmitted at quarter rate and eighth rate. Consequently, the BS can detect a low activity or silence period (e.g., via Rate Determination Algorithm (RDA)) by the frame rate.
- RDA Rate Determination Algorithm
- BS 105 can detect inactivity when at least one eighth rate frame is detected in the dispatch content.
- BS 105 schedules a signaling window so as to minimally affect voice quality.
- the BS issues a “Temporary Transmit Prerogative Suspension” message utilizing a Blank&burst or Dim&burst voice frame coded with TCH 110 's common long mask.
- MSs 120 - 122 decode it and interpret the message as an indication to perform power control signaling.
- the “Temporary Transmit Prerogative Suspension” expires after either an indicated or pre-defined number of voice frames (or period of time), and MS 122 then resumes transmitting its voice frames.
- Another type of inactivity detected by BS 105 is an indication from the talking dispatch group member (MS 122 ) that another group member may talk, e.g., a push-to-talk (PTT) release indication.
- PTT push-to-talk
- the BS transmits an Order message telling the group MSs that the channel is in an OPEN MODE. Since there is a considerable amount of time between the detection of an open channel by the MS and another user requesting PTT (i.e., requesting a transmit prerogative), this interval lends itself as another power control signaling window.
- an Order message can also indicate that power control signaling may be transmitted.
- a silence or a low activity period preceding the talker releasing PTT may cause the BS to signal a “Temporary Transmit Prerogative Suspension” window prior to the channel going to an OPEN MODE.
- the window can be extended during the OPEN MODE to allow MSs with higher transmit time delays (as discussed below) to transmit.
- Listening MS 120 receive the dispatch content via TCH 110 's forward link and compute frame error rates (FERs) for the content on the forward link.
- the FER(s) is compared to a threshold when receiver 212 of listening MS 120 receives the indication that power control signaling may be transmitted.
- this threshold is set to a value of 3% since voice usually cannot tolerate more errors; however, certainly this value can be tuned for more optimal performance in other embodiments. If the threshold is exceeded, processor 213 determines a transmit delay based on the FER/FERs.
- the computed transmit delay may in reality amount to a boolean transmit or not indicator, such as when the computed delay does not fit into the window.
- the MSs compute their transmission delay in such a way that the MS with the highest FER(s) computes the shortest delay. In general, however, a greater transmit delay is determined for a smaller frame error rate. Additional thresholds may be tiered in to map FER ranges to transmit delays. In fact, a highest threshold may be used, above which, the transmit delay is determined to be zero.
- processor 213 of MS 120 delays transmission of its power control signaling based on the transmit delay determined. After delaying and assuming the transmit delay is within the signaling window, MS 120 transmits and BS 105 receives the power control signaling via TCH 110 .
- this first embodiment of the present invention enables a controlling BS to compute its forward power adjustment based on the power control signaling of at least the most power-needy MSs in the group.
- FIG. 3 is a logic flow diagram of a method executed by a base site in accordance with the first embodiment of the present invention.
- Logic flow 300 begins ( 302 ) with the base site receiving ( 304 ) dispatch group content via a TCH common to the group.
- the base site detects sufficient inactivity in the received content, it transmits ( 308 ) an indication to the non-talking group members that power control signaling may be transmitted for a period of time.
- the base site receives ( 310 ) power control signaling from at least one non-talking group member via the common traffic channel, and adjusts its forward power accordingly.
- Logic flow 300 thus ends ( 312 ).
- FIG. 4 is a logic flow, diagram of a method executed by a remote unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- Logic flow 400 begins ( 402 ) with the remote unit receiving ( 404 ) dispatch group content via a traffic channel common to the group and determining a FER of the content received.
- the remote unit receives ( 406 ) an indication that power control signaling by non-talking group members may be transmitted for a period of time.
- the remote unit compares ( 408 ) the FER determined to a threshold. If it is greater, then the remote unit determines ( 410 ) a transmit delay. The remote unit delays transmission based on the transmit delay determined, and assuming the signaling window is still open, it transmits ( 412 ) its power control signaling to the base site.
- Logic flow 400 thus ends ( 414 ).
- the term “comprises,” “comprising,” or any other variation thereof is intended to refer to a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article of manufacture, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements in the list, but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article of manufacture, or apparatus.
- a or an, as used herein, are defined as one or more than one.
- the term plurality, as used herein, is defined as two or more than two.
- the term another, as used herein, is defined as at least a second or more.
- the terms including and/or having, as used herein, are defined as comprising (i.e., open language).
- the term coupled, as used herein, is defined as connected, although not necessarily directly, and not necessarily mechanically.
- program as used herein, is defined as a sequence of instructions designed for execution on a computer system.
- a program, or computer program may include a subroutine, a function, a procedure, an object method, an object implementation, an executable application, an applet, a servlet, a source code, an object code, a shared library/dynamic load library and/or other sequence of instructions designed for execution on a computer system.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (29)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/434,541 US6944177B2 (en) | 2003-05-09 | 2003-05-09 | Method and apparatus for providing power control for CDMA dispatch services |
PCT/US2004/010777 WO2004102830A1 (en) | 2003-05-09 | 2004-04-08 | Method and apparatus for providing power control for cdma dispatch services |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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US10/434,541 US6944177B2 (en) | 2003-05-09 | 2003-05-09 | Method and apparatus for providing power control for CDMA dispatch services |
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US20040223471A1 US20040223471A1 (en) | 2004-11-11 |
US6944177B2 true US6944177B2 (en) | 2005-09-13 |
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US10/434,541 Expired - Fee Related US6944177B2 (en) | 2003-05-09 | 2003-05-09 | Method and apparatus for providing power control for CDMA dispatch services |
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WO (1) | WO2004102830A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060270429A1 (en) * | 2005-05-25 | 2006-11-30 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Three turn interactive voice messaging method |
US20090092116A1 (en) * | 2002-08-15 | 2009-04-09 | James Jiang | Trunking System for CDMA Wireless Communication |
US10356722B2 (en) | 2014-09-25 | 2019-07-16 | Motorola Solutions, Inc. | Method and apparatus for base station transmit power adjustment to reduce power consumption |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6944177B2 (en) * | 2003-05-09 | 2005-09-13 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus for providing power control for CDMA dispatch services |
US7711319B2 (en) * | 2007-02-28 | 2010-05-04 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and system for distributing talk group activity among multiple vehicle repeaters |
TWI450589B (en) * | 2011-08-05 | 2014-08-21 | Acer Inc | Method and apparatus for high definition video wireless transmission |
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US5881368A (en) | 1996-06-06 | 1999-03-09 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Method and apparatus of power control in a CDMA dispatch system |
US5887252A (en) | 1996-09-10 | 1999-03-23 | Nokia Mobile Phones Limited | Multicast transmission for DS-CDMA cellular telephones |
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US6178166B1 (en) * | 1999-05-28 | 2001-01-23 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus for group calls in a wireless CDMA communication system |
US6292671B1 (en) * | 1999-08-03 | 2001-09-18 | Sprint Spectrum L.P. | Dispatch mode in code division multiple access systems |
US6373829B1 (en) | 1998-04-23 | 2002-04-16 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus for group calls in a wireless CDMA communication system using outbound traffic channels for individual group members |
US6519239B1 (en) | 1999-11-19 | 2003-02-11 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus for providing dispatch service in a CDMA communication system |
US6748231B2 (en) * | 2001-08-31 | 2004-06-08 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus for controlling power during a dispatch group call |
US6781963B2 (en) * | 2002-02-14 | 2004-08-24 | Qualcomm Inc | Method and an apparatus for terminating a user from a group call in a group communication network |
US6788941B2 (en) * | 2001-12-20 | 2004-09-07 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus for mobile-initiated, CDMA-dispatch soft handoff |
WO2004102830A1 (en) * | 2003-05-09 | 2004-11-25 | Motorola, Inc., A Corporation Of The State Of Del Aware | Method and apparatus for providing power control for cdma dispatch services |
-
2003
- 2003-05-09 US US10/434,541 patent/US6944177B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-04-08 WO PCT/US2004/010777 patent/WO2004102830A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (13)
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US5881368A (en) | 1996-06-06 | 1999-03-09 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Method and apparatus of power control in a CDMA dispatch system |
US5887252A (en) | 1996-09-10 | 1999-03-23 | Nokia Mobile Phones Limited | Multicast transmission for DS-CDMA cellular telephones |
US5914958A (en) | 1997-10-28 | 1999-06-22 | Motorola, Inc. | Fast call setup in a CDMA dispatch system |
US6115388A (en) | 1997-10-28 | 2000-09-05 | Motorola, Inc. | Establishment of multiple low-rate inbound signaling links in CDMA dispatch system |
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US6292671B1 (en) * | 1999-08-03 | 2001-09-18 | Sprint Spectrum L.P. | Dispatch mode in code division multiple access systems |
US6519239B1 (en) | 1999-11-19 | 2003-02-11 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus for providing dispatch service in a CDMA communication system |
US6748231B2 (en) * | 2001-08-31 | 2004-06-08 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus for controlling power during a dispatch group call |
US6788941B2 (en) * | 2001-12-20 | 2004-09-07 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus for mobile-initiated, CDMA-dispatch soft handoff |
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WO2004102830A1 (en) * | 2003-05-09 | 2004-11-25 | Motorola, Inc., A Corporation Of The State Of Del Aware | Method and apparatus for providing power control for cdma dispatch services |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20090092116A1 (en) * | 2002-08-15 | 2009-04-09 | James Jiang | Trunking System for CDMA Wireless Communication |
US8072919B2 (en) * | 2002-08-15 | 2011-12-06 | Zte Corporation | Trunking system for CDMA wireless communication |
US20060270429A1 (en) * | 2005-05-25 | 2006-11-30 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Three turn interactive voice messaging method |
US10356722B2 (en) | 2014-09-25 | 2019-07-16 | Motorola Solutions, Inc. | Method and apparatus for base station transmit power adjustment to reduce power consumption |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20040223471A1 (en) | 2004-11-11 |
WO2004102830A1 (en) | 2004-11-25 |
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