US693686A - Machine for inserting fastenings. - Google Patents

Description

No. 693,686. v Patented Feb. 18, |902.

L. A. CASGRAIN.

mAcHmE Fon'msan'rma Fmsnmmes.l

u (Appliezin med sept. a, 1901.) "0 "New 4 sums-sheet l.

No. 693,686. Patented Feb'. la, |902. L. A. cAsGBAm.

MACHINE FOR INSERTlNG FASTENINGS.

(Application led Sept. 8, 1901.) (No Mdel.) 4 Sheets-Sheat 2,

i muwnlllnulnma N0. 693,686. Patented Feb. I8, |902.

L. A. CASGBAIN.

MACHINE FUR INSERTING'FASTENINGS.

(Application led Sept. 3. 1901.)

Nu. 693,686.` Patentad Feb. I8, i902. L. A. CASGRAIN.

AMACHINE FUR INSERTINGJASTENINGS. (Application led Sept. 3, 1901.)

(No Modal.)

4 Sheets-Sheet IINTTBTT STATES PATENT OFFICE.

IIOUIS A. CASGRAIN, OF VINOHESTER, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO UNITED SHOE MACHINERY COMPANY, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, `AND PATERSON, NEWT JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF NEXV JERSEY.

MACHINE FOR INSERTING FASTENINGS.-

SPEGEFIOATON forming part of Letters Patent No. 693,686, dated February 18, 1902. Application led September 3, 190i. Serial No. 74,178. (No model.)

To LZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LOUIS A. CASGRAIN, a citizen of the United States, residing at \Vinchester, county of Middlesex, State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Machines for Inserting Fastenings, of which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification, like characters on the drawings representing like parts.

This invention has for its object to improve machines for inserting fastenings, the improvements being herein shown as applied to a machine such as described in United States Letters Patent No. 669,023, dated February 26,1901, said machine being adapted to drive a novel fastening of my invention. Many features of this invention are, however, applicable to any machine for inserting any kind of fastenings commonly employed to attach the soles of boots and shoes or to secure together layers of material.

One important feature of the invention herein shown and described is an attachment for a machine for uniting layers of material or attaching the soles of shoes, which consists in a device to form a cut or indentation in the stock, into which cut the fastening is insertY ed, said cnt being subsequently closed to conceal the fastening. This device in the form herein shown operates intermittingly and forms a series of cuts or indentations in the stock, a separate cut for each fastening.

Hitherto in the manufacture of shoes in which an opening has been formed in the sole for the thread or fastenings by which the sole has been attached it has been the practice to form a continuous channel in the sole, the lip of leather formed in making this channel being afterward turned down to close the opening and conceal the fastenings. Forming a continuous cut or channel in the sole in this way of course greatly weakens the sole. By forming separate cuts or indentations in the stock and leaving solid leather between the cuts I obvate this weakening of the stock and preserve for the sole the original strength of the stock. There is also much less danger of the cuts opening in the wear of the shoe than when the channel is continuous. It is also the practice in forming continuous channels to make a wide cut from near the edge of the stock inwardly. Vhen the edge is trimmed, the channel usually extends to or nearly to the edge of the sole, resulting in a considerable weakening of the edge. When separate cuts are made, as herein explained, the edge of the sole is untouched and will therefore stand up much better. This continuous channel is cut in the outer sole before the shoe comes to the machine employed to unite the sole to the shoe, and also by a separate operation the channel-lip is turned back, opening the channel to receive the, fastening material. After the sole has been attached cement is applied by hand or by machine to the channel-lip, and subsequently the channellip is turned overl by another machine or by hand to conceal the fastenings. Prior to this closing of the channel the channel-lip should again be moistened to put it again in temper for the closing operation, although this step is sometimes omitted.

An important feature of my invention consists in a device also constituting an attachment for a machine for uniting layers of material or attaching the soles of shoes, which vis adapted to be actuated in connection with the operation of said machine and said cutting device to close the cuts or indentations after the insertion of the fastenings. Closing the cuts or indentations immediately after the insertion of the fastenings is of material advantage, because the stock is still damp or in temper, as it must be when the cuts are closed', and therefore can readily be pressed back into its original condition. The operation is more effective and permanent than it would be if the stock were permitted to dry before the cuts were closed and then dampened again preliminary to the closing operation. Also closing the cuts immediately after inserting a fastening and While the stock is still damp obviates the expense of moistening the soles a second time, as should be done when the lip is closed at a subsequent operation by another machine or by hand. Ot'` course, however, the greatest advantage of combining the mechanism for opening and closing the cut for the fastenings with the machine for inserting the fastenings is the great economy which results from doing away with separate machines and separate operations for opening and closing a channel for the fastenings. I prefer so to organize the machine and its attachments that the cut will be closed after the insertion of each fastening and before the insertion of the next fastening or the formation of the next cut. When the mechanism is so arranged, the cut is formed, the fasteningis inserted in it, andthe cutis closed, all while the stock is clamped between the presser-foot and the work-support, and so held continuously under pressure throughout these operations and all before the stock is fed into position to receive the next fastening.

The machine to be herein described is also prov-ided outside the end of the wire-guide- Way and beyond the point where the wire is cnt in the formation of a fastening with a wirecurver, represented as an eccentricv secured adj ustably to the lower end of the shaper.

Other features of my invention will be hereinafter set forth and claimed at the end of this specification.

Figure 1, in front elevation, shows the upper part of a machine embodying my present invention in one of the bestl forms now known to me, the lower part thereof, which is omitted, being the same asv fully shown in said Letters Patent. tached, indicating also different positions of the roller-stud Whichenters the cam-slot HX. Fig. 2 shows the wire-feeding means'in vertical section on the line m5, Fig. 1. Fig. 2n isa detail of said wire-feeding means. Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the parts shown in Fig. 1. Figsta and 3b are detailsof levers used in the machine, but shown detached. Fig. 3c is a section in the dotted line Fig. 3. Fig. 31shows the projection E10 removed from the lever E. Figs. 4, 5, and 6 are detail views chieiiy to show the device for forming cuts or indentations in the stock to receive the outer` ends of the fastenings and the closing device for closing the cuts to conceal the fastenings. Fig.- 61t is an enlarged detail showing the presser-foot'in section and the closing device in threediiferent positions. Fig. 61 shows the stud'H5 detached. Fig. 6 is a detail in perspective of the closing device. Fig. 61 is a detail, enlarged, of the end of the device for cutting or indenting the stock and a cross'- section thereof. Fig. 7 shows the face of a piece of stock cut or indented for the reception'off-fastenings, one of the cuts being open and showing a fastening in it, this ligure also showing the closer in position to be moved to close the cut and conceal the outer end of the fastening. Fig. 7n is a partial longitudinal -section of Fig. 7 in the dotted line Fig. 71 represents part of the stock in the dotted line rc2, Fig. 7, and also a piece of stock with the cut or indentation closed over the 'outer end of a fastening embedded therein.

Fig. lf'L showsthe cam H de- Fig. S is a View looking upwardly from the dotted line ac3, Fig. 5, showing part of the 1ever H4 carrying the device for cutting or indenting the sole and for closing said cut or indentation and the under side of the presserfoot with its groove. Fig. 9 is an enlarged detail showing the wire guide, Shaper, cutter, bender, and curver; Fig. 10, a section below the line m1, Fig. 9, with the slide-bar h11 omitted; Fig. 11, a view of the parts shown in Fig. 9 looking at them from the right. Fig. 11 shows the Shaper and bender in crosssection and removed from all other parts chiey to show the groove in the corner of the bender. Figs. 12, 13, and 14 show the wire guide, Shaper, and bender in different positions that they will occupy while making a fastening. Figs. 15 and 16 show the wire guide, cutter, bender, and shaper in'dierent positions they will occupy while makinga fastening. Fig. 17 shows the same parts in the positions they will occupy when a fastening is to be driven. Fig. 181s a plan view of the' delivery end of the wire-guide, showing the anvil and the detachable steel block, the wire-guide being in its open position. Fig. 19 is a detail showing the face of the steel block secured to one of the bars of the wireguide.

The column A, adapted to stand on the floor, the head A2, having a shank A', vertically adjustable on or with relation to the said column, said heady sustaining the main shaft C, provided with a cam-hub C', the arm A7, extending from the head Ag'and receiving in itV the horn-shaft A, provided with a tipping-horn A12, the swinging head F, mounted on stud h3, the arm 0.6, connected with the rod d8, the spring 0.10, surrounding said rod, the lever @15, extended. from the swinging head and acting to compress said spring and cause the horn to clamp the stock while the wirel is being cut and the fastening is being formed and driven, the controlling device having a cam d20, movable with said roda8 and acting upon a roller or other stud 623, connected with the leg 621 ofthe lever EX, (shown detached in Fig. 311,) said leg determining the length of wire projected beyond the wire-guideway by the feeding mechanism; the wire-feeding mechanism, comprising a positively-moved wheel c (see Fig. 2) and acoacting wheel c2, said feed-wheel c" being carried by atubular shaft e8, having an attached ratchetwheel 09, actuated by a pawl connected witha pawl-carrier C13, deriving its movement from a suitable rack-bar e, (see Fig. 1,) connected with a leg c3 of a double lever E, (shown detached in Fig. 311,) the other leg of said lever (marked e2) having a stud e5, provided with a roller entering a cam-groove C3, the shieldcarrier e212; the shaft C14, extended through the tubular shaft carrying the feed-wheel c' and having the cranked end C15; the shoefeeding device, consisting of a toothed wheel d4, supported in an arm d1 and deriving its movement from a clutch d, actuated by a link IOO IOS

IIO

, ceases 17, connected with said crank 015; the driver- ,bar b3, carrying a driver Z910, said driver-bar being connected by a bail B3 with one end of driver-bar and driver; the movable ymember h of lthe wire-cutting mechanism connected with the head F, the toothed bar 7t1'1, sliding in a groove in said head and deriving its movement from a lever hw, pivoted at h1`1 and having a roller or other stud entering a suitable groove in the cam C', said slide-bar having connected with it by a suitable screw WG a Shaper Im and a bender on', there being a suitable space 'm2 between them to afford a passage-way for the driver and driver-bar: the starting-lever C13, mounted on the stud C9 and moved in one direction to start the machine in operation by or through a lever D, to which is connected a rod D4, extended down to the floor, where inpractice a treadle is attached to it, and in the opposite direction by a suitable spring, as C111, to stop the machine after the operator has released the treadle; the wire-guide composed of two bars c3 c1, adapted to lbe forced one toward the other by a lever n to clamp the wireb' while the latter is being severed diagonally, one of said bars having an anvil g', over which the Wire is bent in the formation of a fastening, and the pulley D10, fast on the shaft` O, the pulley D13, loose on said shaft, the spring D15, and collar D11 are and may be all as shown and designated by like letters in said Letters Patent, with the' exception of the wire-feeding mechanism, the bender, the bars constituting the wire-guide, and the counterbalancing-spring for the horn, which are somewhat changed, as will be hereinafter described, some of the parts not specifically re; ferred to. above and shown in said Letters `Patent having been designated by like reference-let ters.-

I will nowdescribe speciiically the novel features of my improved machine.

The fast pulley D10, common to said Letters Patent, has been provided with a cam H, (shown detached in Fig. 11,) having at one side a cam-groove l-IX, in which enters a roller 10 of an arm H', connected with a rock-shaft 12, sustained in a suitable bearing H2. Said shaft has a forwardly-projecting arm H0, to which is attached a rod H3, joined at its lower end with one end of a lever H1, mounted, as shown, on an eccentric stud H5. (Shown detached in Fig. 6b.) Said lever constitutes one `form of means for carrying and moving a device H6, (see enlarged detail, Fig. G1,)\vhich is actuated at the proper times to cut or indent the stock S, said device in the form in which I have herein chosen to illustrate it forming a series of cuts or iudentations, as 13, (see Figs. 7, 71, and 71,) in the face ofthe stock.

The stock is shown in Figs. 1 to 7b as comprising part of a boot or shoe, the upper portion of the stock being the outer sole and the under portion of the'stock being the inner sole, said soles having between them a portion of the upper of the boot or shoe.

The device HG, preferably formed in the arc of a circle, as herein shown, has imparted to it a circular movement, and it is, preferably shaped (see Fig. 61) to present abeveled end H8 and a ii-shaped, under side Il, so that said device as it enters the stock is made to cut or indent the stock, as represented in Figs. 7, 7, and 71, spreading the cut or indentation and leaving the stock displaced by it projecting above the surface of the stock on each side ofg the cut, as indicated at 14, Fig. 71. I prefer, as herein explained, to close th cuts by means of a device attached to `themachine for inserting the fastenings, and Ihave found it more convenient and satisfactory to have the` stock which is displaced by the cutter raised on each side of the cutin the form of lips, which may easily be forced down and together by the closing device.`

The movement of the device H6 is represented as circular; butit may be moved in any other direction without departing from myinvention. One advantage of moving the device in substantially the manner herein shown is that in case the work-feeding mechanism fails to advance the stock so as to take a nail kalready inserted away from its position under the driver the device Hi1 in its downward movement to form a cut for the next fastening Will strike such nail and will move the nail and with it the stock, so that when the next nail is driven it will not strike the nail already in the stock. It is especially objectionable in this machine to drive a vnail upon one already inserted, as the result m ust necessarily be the disiigurement of the stock. Also the point of the shank will be diverted, so that it will not be properly clenched, and there is further danger in the manufacture of shoes that the point will shoot off into and through the upper.

The fastening l5 is driven into the cut or indentation while the stock is held clamped between the horn A12 (shown in said Letters Patent) and a novel presser-footI-FO, having a vertical passage 16 (see Fig. 611) to receive the fastening and guide the driver when inserting the fastening, said foot taking the place of the so-called nose shown in said Letters Patent.

The presser-foot H10 is shown as serrated at its under side, (see Fig. 8,) and it has a groove H12, (see Figs. 3, 116, and 11,) in which said device H6 enters when making a cut or indentation in the stock and which is also entered by the closing device J Whenit is actuated to close the cut. This groove is of sufficient width to enable the portions ofV the stock on cach side of the cut or indentation to be lifted above the face of the stock by the device H, as represented at 14, Figs.' 7L and 71.

The stud H5, (see Fig. 61,) on which the le- ICO IIO

Yfast'enings to view.

ver I-I4 is mounted, has an eccentric portion H12, and by rotating the stud H5 the position of said lever H1 may be changed vertically to vary the depth of cut made` by the device H6.

After the fastening has been inserted in a cut or indentation the raised portions 14 of the stock are acted upon to close the cut or indentation and cover or conceal the outer end of the fastening by a closing device J, herein shown as a finger pivoted at J upon an extension J2 of the lever H1. vSaid finger (see Fig. 6c) is shown as slotted to receive the upper end of a spring J 2, which normally acts to lift said closer and keep one end of said slot against the upper end of said spring, as shown in Fig. 6c. The forward end of the closing device is provided, preferably, with a V-shaped notched end 17, and in the first part of the movement of said device toward the right from the position in Fig. 4,fwhere the driver is represented as having inserted a fastening, and from the dotted-line position J4, Fig. 611, into the second dotted-line position J5 and the full-line position, Fig. 5, this V-Shaped end, embracing the raised portions 14 ofthe stock, forces the two lips l-L toward each other, and in the further movement of the closing device to the right the lips are.

pressed .down and the stock is smoothed out by 'the under rsurface of closing device J. This is done after a fastening has been inserted in the cut, the closing of the cut concealing the outer endof the fastening, as represented at the left in Figs. 7 and 711 and at the right of Fig. 71'. As the cut is closed over Lthe outer end of the inserted fastening the vertical edges of the cut are forced together and the leather at the sides of the cut is pressed down, so that the surface of the stock is level and smooth and the cut is substantially obliterated.

In the wear of the shoe, in addition to the advantages over the continuous channel already enumerated, it should be noted that there is no wide thin lip which is liable to be separated from the body of the sole to which it is cemented and which may even be entirely detached from the sole, exposing the I prefer also, as hereinbefore explained, to form the cut in a plane substantially at a right angle to the plane of the surface of the sole, so that there is little, if any, tendency to open the cut in the Wear of the shoe.

The closer J and the device H6 both Work in the slot H12 and enter the same alternately from opposite directions. The closer is carried, as already stated, by the extension J2 of the circularly-moving arm H1, and the tendency of its end 17 would naturally be, therefore, to rise from the stock in the extreme .movement of the closer to the right. Itis preferable, however, that the notched end 17 when operating to close a cut move in substantially the plane of the upper side of the stock, and to secure this'movement I have so eos-,ese

shaped the groove H12 in the presser-foot, or that portion of it to the left of the driverpassage, viewing Fig. 61, and have also so shaped the upper side of the closer back of its end that after the end of the closer enters the said groove thel further movement of the closer will be in a substantially straight line in the plane of the surface of the stock or the bottom of the presser-foot.

Fig. 4 shows the driver as having acted to insert a fastening and as having been slightly retracted, and in this position of the parts the cam-roll l0 of the arm H occupies the position 101L (shown by dotted lines, Fig. 111) in the cam-groove HX, and in the further movement of the cam H in the direction of the arrow, Fig. l1, the link H3 is depressed, thus moving the lever H4 to put the device H6 in the position Fig. 5, and in this movement the closer enters fully the groove H12 inthe foot H10. With the parts in the position Fig. 5 the roller-stud referred to will occupy the dotted-line position 1011, Fig. l2, and by the time that said roller-stud arrives in its fullline position, Fig. l, the driver will have been fully lifted and the lever H4 will have been turned sufficiently to withdraw the closer from the groove H12 of the presser-foot into the dotted-line position J4, Fig. 6, leaving the parts as represented in Figs. l and 4, the position at which the machine is always left when stopped or the start-ing position for the machine. When the machine is started in usual manner, the cam H, acting on the rollerstud 10, moves the device H6 from its position Fig. 4 into the position Figf, the said device arriving in the position Fig. 6 as the rollerstud referred to arrives in the position 10C, Fig. l, and during this movement the closer is withdrawn from the groove H12 of the foot H10 into the position Fig. 6 and full-line position, Fig. 61.

ICO

I have herein chosen to ill ustrate the closer I as operating to close each cut before the next cut is made, and to afford time for this operation in the cycle of the machines operations it became necessary in the form of machine in which my invention is herein shown as embodied to provide means auxiliary to the driver-lifting block or device 22X, shown in said patent, to lift the driver slightly immediately after it has completed its downstroke in order that the closer may be actuated to enter the groove H12 and close the cut in the stock while the stock is yet clamped between the horn and presser-foot and preferably before the formation of the next cut.

The auxiliary means for starting the upward movement of the driver is herein represented as a stud E10, (shown detached in Fig. 31,) which is screwed into a boss carried by the arm e2 of the lever E, instrumental in actuating the Wire-feeding means. This auX- iliarydriver-lifter is shown as provided at one end, as at 20, with a buffer, which may be of leather, said buffer contacting with the IIO bumper 2l, common to my said patent, and detachably mounted u pon one end of the driven lever B2.

Figs. l and 8 show the auxiliary driver-lifter as having acted to slightly lift the driver, and said auxiliary lifter acts to hold the driver in the position Figs. l, 8, and et until in the rotation of the cam C the lifter-block 22 meets the bumper and lifts the driver in usual manner into the position Fig. 6. By using this auxiliary driver-lifting device I am able to run the machine at the same speed at which it has been the practice to run these machinesv as when the fastening was inserted, it will be understood,however,that my invention would not be departed from if the cut should be closed afteranother cutor other cu ts had been made or after one or more fastenings had been inserted in such other cuter cuis. `It will further be obvious that although I prefer to employ in one and the same machine mechanism for making the cut, inserting the fastening, and closing the out, and although I -think that such a combination is preferable as securing to the highest degree the advantages of my present invention some of the advantages of my invention could, nevertheless, be secured by using, in vconnection with the machine for inserting the fastenings, either the device for forming-the cut or the device for closing the cut without using the other,

and such a machine would clearly embody important features of my present invention. It will also be understood that whileI prefer so to form the opening for the fastening that,

clear that my invention is not limited to the size or shape of the opening or to the number of lips which are raised onthe stock to facilitate the subsequent closing of the opening.

In the Vmechanism herein shown only the bar cJl of the wire-guideway is grooved` as at 23, (see Fig. 19,) and it has connected with it at its inner sideA a steel block 25, held detachably to the said bar by suitable dowelpins 26. The block 25 is provided with two cutting edges 29 and two grooves 27, either of which grooves whenY in position forms a prolongation of the Wire-groove 23. ach groove 27has an inclined portion 28 to direct the wire out of a straight line, as provided for in said patent, and put it in position to be acted upon hy the movable cutter member h, which cooperates with one of the edges 29.

In the machine of the Letters Patent referred to a curving device was located adjacent to the wire-guideway to act upon the wire before it entered the guideway; but herein I have provided a novel wirecurving device, located just beyond the delivery end of the wire-guideway. Said curving device, that it may be readily adjusted to determine the amountof curvature inthe wire, is shown as an eccentrioestud. The shank of said stud is represented as threaded to entera threaded hole in the lower end of the shaping device m, said shank being preferably split that it may retain itself in any position'in which it may be adjusted, Y

In the machine herein shown as heretofore constructed the driver frequently struck the beveled end of the cutter h, which when the driver descends is in the forward position, which it takes in feeding the fastening olf the anvil into position under the driver. I have discovered that this happens because the side ofthe driver next the inclined end of said cutter is at an angle to said inclined end and a portion of. the cutter projects slightly beyoud the anvil I have obviated this difficulty by changing the position of the driver so that its side Walls move in planes parallel with the beveled end of the cutter h, and I have changed the front face g'X of the `anvil g', so that instead of being at an angle to the beveled end of the cutter h, as heretofore, the face g'X Yis in the same vertical plane as the end of the cutter. As shown in said paten t, the anvil near its delivery end is slightly enlarged, as at glo, said increase in thickness of the anvil insuring that the shank of the fastening will be held closely between the shaping device and the anvil, so that .it can be moved only when actuated positively by the means employed to feed it od the anvil. To adapt the guide M210 this new position of the fastening, I have beveled its vertical face next the end of the `cutter 7L, (see Fig. 17,) so that the fastening is guided aecuratelylwhile being driven. To further aid in controlling the position of the fastening, I have provided the corner M3 of the bender with a notch, as shown in Figs. ll and 1,7, Which assists in guiding the short dependingr Vportion of the guide cLL and the inner sidewall of the anvil,

and the lower edge of the bender next the yinner wall of the anvil was apt to strike Athe guide and become worn or dulled, andas aresnlt thereof theshort leg depending from'the IIO head of the fastening would be enabled to turn somewhat and the fastening would fail to enter `properly the driver-passage in the presser-foot. If the parts were not properly adjusted, this might happen in a vfew minutes use and the bender be rendered useless. To prevent this wear of thebender, I have provided the wire-guide c4 at the inner side of the anvil g with a notch M6, (see Fig. 18,) said notch being extended beyond the edge 3 of said block. This notch is of such depth that the corner M3 of the bender may descend and not touch either the anvil or the side wall 3,

ancing spring surrounding the horn-shaft shown in said Letters Patent and instead have provided a spiral springNS, the upper end of which engages a lug N4 on the arm A7, the lower end of the spring orathreaded device connected therewith beingextended through a guide N5, carried by the arm N', said device thereafter receiving upon it an adjusting device, (shown as a nut f NZ) by which the strength of the horn-counterbalancing spring N3 may be regulated as desired.

In machines having a horn or work-support of the class herein shown and sustained by a spring it is sometimes desirable to remove the horn from the control of the spring, and to do this considerable time is consumed by the operator and the machine has to be dismembered.

In case it is desired for any purpose to free the hornherein shown from the control of the spring N3 it is only necessary to unhook the upper end of the spring from the lug N4,which may be done instantly. The use of the spring Na therefore results in a great saving of time and in the reduction of cost, for it may be constructed more cheaply and applied more readily than the usual spring employed to sustain a work-support.

Referring to Fig. 2, the pressure-wheel c2 is shown as mounted on a pin c3", secured eccentrically to the lower end of a supportingstud 031, rotatably mounted in the head A2 and having at its upper end an enlargement vor head c3, provided with an operating-handle c. It will be manifest that by. rotative movement of the stud 031 the pressure-wheel will be moved to act with greater or less pressure upon the wire fed between the wheels c' c2 by positive rotative movement imparted to the former. Imperfections or changes in the cross-section of the wire are liable to occur, and there may be some irregularity in the wire-engaging surface of either or both of said wheels due to wear or otherwise, and it will be manifest that the presence of any of these irregularities will cause a variation in the pressure upon the wire and consequent variation in the feed unless some means is provided for compensating for such irregularities. I have hereinO provided such means in a very simple and effective manner by making a slot 034 in the stud 031,' (see Fig. 2,)

so that the stud may yield somewhat, and consequently the pressure-wheel c2, mounted on such stud is supported in a yielding manner.

Should the wire varyin diameter, the pressure exerted thereupon by the wheel c2 will be substantially constant, inasmuch as said wheel will accommodate itself to such diamo-trai variations of the wire, and the same is true should there be any irregularity in the wire-` which consists of a brake-shoe P for engaging the periphery of shield cl2, which in my present construction is smooth. This brake-shoe, which is carried by lever P', is actuated to engage the shield-carrier @12 by substantially the same mechanism which is shown in said Letters Patent for actuating the locking-pawl.

The boot or shoe having its sole attached by the machine herein shown and the method of making such a boot or shoe have been made the subjects of separate applications for United States Letters Patent.

I-Iaving described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a machine for securing together layers of material, means for forming a cut in the stock, a driver, means for actuating it to inserta fastening in said cut and means for closing said cut over the fastening.

2. In a machine for securing together layers of material, means for forming a cut in the stock, means for inserting a fastening in said cut, means for closing said cut and means for clamping the stock during said cutting, inserting and closing operations.

3. In a machine for securing together layers of material, a work-support, a presser-foot, means for changing the relative positions of said work-support and presser-foot to clamp and release the stock, means for forming a cut in the stock, means for inserting a fastening in said cut and means for closing said cut, said cutting, inserting and closing operations all taking place while the stock is clamped between the work-support and thel IOO IIO

of material, stock-feeding mechanism, means for forming a eut in the stock, means for inserting a fastening in the cut and means for closing the cut, said cutting, inserting and t closing operations all taking place between two consecutive operations of the steelt-feeding mechanism.

5. In a machine forseeuring together layers of material, a Work-support, a presser-foot, means for changing the relative positions of said Worksupport and presser-foot Ato clamp and release the stock, stock-feeding mechanism, means for forming a cut in the stock, means for inserting a fastening in said cut and means for closing said cut, said cutting, inserting and closing operations all taking place While the stoel; is clamped between the work-support and the presser-foot and between two consecutive operations ofthe stockfeeding mechanism.

6. In a machine forsecuring together layers of material, stock-feeding mechanism, means for forming a cnt in the stock, means for inserting a fastening in the cut and independent means for closing the cut, said inserting and closing operations taking place between two consecutive operations of the stock-feeding mechanism.

7. In a machine for securing together layers of material, means for inserting fasteningr material, means for forming in thestock an opening' to receive the fastening material, a movable device for engaging the stock and forcing it over the fastening material and means for actuating said device.

8. In a machine for securing together layers of material, means for inserting fastening material, a Work-support and presser-foot, means for changing the relative positions of said Work-supportand presser-foot to clamp and release the stock, means for forming in the stock an opening to receive the fastening material, a movable device for closing said opening and means for actuating said closing device; said opening, inserting and elosingoperations all taking place While the stock is clamped between the work-support and the presser-foot.

9. In a machine forsecuring together layers of material, stock-feeding mechanism, means for inserting fastening material, means for forming in the stock an opening to'reeeive the fastening material, a movable device for closing said opening and means for actuating said closing device; said opening, inserting and closing operations all taking place between two consecutive operations of the stock-feeding mechanism.

lO. In a machine for inserting fastenings, means to form openings in thestock, mech-v anism for inserting fastenings in said open-b ings, and a movable device for closing the openings to conceal the fastenings.

l1. A machine for inserting metallic fasten-l ings comprising a device to form an opening in the stock, a driver to insert a fastening in said opening and means to force the stock totently to enter and withdraw from the stock,

a driver for insert-ing fastening material in said opening and means for forcing thestock over the fastening material.

l1. In a machine for securing togetherlay ers of material, a device to form an opening in the stock and raise a lip above the surface of the stock, means for actuating said device intermittently to enter and withdraw from the stock thereby forming a plurality of openings, adriver, andmeans for actuating the driver to insert fastenings in vsaid separate openings.

l5. In a machine for securing together layers of material, a device to form an opening in the stock to receive fastening material, means foractuating said device intermittently to enter and Withdraw from the stock thereby forming a plurality of openings,

'means for inserting fastening material in said openings and independent means to force the stock over the fastening.

1G. In a machine for securing together layers of material, a device to form-an opening in the stock to receive fastening material, means for actuating said device intermittently to enter and withdraw from the stock, means for inserting fastening material in said opening, a movable device for engaging the stock and forcing it over the fastening material and means for actuating said device.

17. In a machine for securing together layers of material, a device to form an opening in the stock to receive fastening material, means for actuating said device intermittently to enter and Withdraw from the stock thereby forming a plurality of openings, means-for inserting fastening material in said separate openings below the surface of the stock, a movable device for closing said openings over the fastening material and means for actuating said closing device.

1S. In a machine for inserting fastenings, a device to form an opening in the stock to receive fastenings, said device raising a lip on the stock adjacent to the opening, means for actuating said device intermittently to'enter and Withdraw frdom the stock, and independent means 4for inserting a fastening in said opening. f

19. A machine for securing together layers of material comprisinga cutting device,m'eans for actuating said device to form in thestock a plurality of cuts and raise a lip on the stock ICO IIO

, ing a lipabove the surface of the stock, and

' the stock.

means for forming a cut in the stock and raisf ing a lip above the surface of, the stock, a driver, and means for actuating it to insert a fastening in said cut below saidflip.

f .21. In a machine for'inserting fastenings, means for forminga cut in the stock and raismeansf'or driving a fastening in said cut below said lip and entirely below the sur'face of 22. Ina machine for securing together layers of material, a cutting device, means for vact-natmg said cutting device to form in the Stock aplurality'of cuts, means for inserting fastening material in said cuts, and means independentof the fastening material to force `the stock overthe fastening material.

23. `In a machine for-securing together layers of material, a cutting device, means for actuating said device to form in the stock a plurality of cuts, means for inserting fastenvingmaterial in said cuts, an independent devicefto close the cuts and means for actuating said device to force the stock over the fastening material immediately after the insertion of the fastening material therein and before the insertion of fastening material in the next cuit.

24:. In a machine for securing together layers of material, a cutting device, means for actuating said cutting device to form in the stock separate cuts, leaving the stock between the cuts untouched, means for insertin'g independent fastenings in said separate cuts, one fastening in each cut, a device to close the cuts over the fastenings and means foractuatin g said device to close each cut immediately after the insertion of the fastening therein and before the insertion of the next fastening. v

A25. In va machine for securing together layers of material, means for forming in the stock a plurality of openings to receive thefastening material, means for inserting fastening material in said openings, a movable device for engaging the stock to force it over the fastening material, and means for actuating said device.

26. In a machine for securing together layers of material, means for forming in the stock aplurality of independent openings to receive fastening material, means for inserting independent fastenings in said openings, one fasv'tening ineach opening, a movable device for forcing the' stock over the fastening, and means for actuating said device.

27. In a machine for securing together layers of material, a driver, means for actuating the driver to insert fastening material in an opening in the stock and means for closing the stock over said opening.

v28. In a machine for securing together layers of material, means for inserting fastening material in an opening in the stock, a movable device for engaging the stock and forcing it over the fastening material, and means for actuating said device.

29. Ina machine for securing together layers of material, means for inserting fastening materiahand means for actu ating said device.A

i 3l. In a machine for securing together layers of material, means for inserting independent fastenings in a series of openings, a separate fastening in each opening, a device to close the opening and means for actuating said device to close the stock over each opening immediately after the insertion of the fastening therein and before the insertion of a fastening in the next opening.

32. In a machine for securing together layers of material, means for inserting fastening material, a cutting device for forming in the stock a cut to receive the fastening material, said cutting device being arranged to raise the stock on each side of the cut, a closing device and means for actuating said closing device to force together and press down said raised portions of stock.

33. In a machine for securing together layers of material, means for inserting fastening material, a cutting device for forming in the stock an opening to receive the fastening material, said cutting device being arranged to raise the stock on each side of the opening, and a closing device having its end V-shaped to engage said raised portions of the stock and force them together.

34. In a machine for securing together layers of material, a driver, means for actuating the driver to insert fastenings inan opening in the stock, a device for closing the opening, a presser-foot for bearing on the face of the stock, said presser-foot being shaped at its lower end to receive and guide said closing device, and means for actuating said closing device after a fastening has been inserted.

35. In a machine for securing together layers of material, a driver, a device to form an opening in the stock under the driver, a device to close such opening in the stock while still under the driver and a presser-foot having a passage for the driver, said presser-foot being shaped to permit the operation of said IOO IIO

cutting device and said closing device under l being shaped at its lower end to receive and guide said closing device, said presser-foot and said closing device being so shaped relatively that the closing device is made to travel in a substantially straight line in the plane of the bottom of the presser-foot.

37. In a machine for making and inserting metallic fastenings, a wire-guideway and an independent curver to bend the wire after it is delivered from said guideway combined with means to form from said wire a fasten-- ing with a curved shank or body.

38. In a machine for making'and inserting metallic fastenings, a Wire-guidewayand an eccentric stud arranged to curve the wire delivered from said guideway.

39. In a machine of the class described, a Shaper to bend Wire in the production of a fastening and adevice, carried by said shaper, for curving the wire.

40. In a machine of the class described, a Shaper and a bender arranged for bending wire to form a fastening with a hook-shaped head, the bender being grooved to guide the head of the fastening.

4l. In a machine of the class described, a driver, and means for actuating the driver to insert fastenings, mechanism for lifting the driver, and a device for raising the driver after the fastening has been inserted and prior to the operation of the driverlifting mechanism. f

42. In a machine of the class described, a device to form an opening in the stock, a driver, means for actuating the driver to insert fastenings in said opening, a device to close the opening, and means to raise the driver out of the way of said closing device.

43. In a machine of the class described, a device to form an opening in the stock, a driver, driverdifting mechanism, means for actuating the driver to insert fastenings in said opening', a device to close the opening, and an auxiliary driver-lifting mechanism to raise the driver out of the way of the closing device.

44. In a machine for securingtogether layers of material, mechanism for forming a cut in the stock, means for inserting a fastening in said cut, means for closing said cut, and means for adjusting said cutting mechanism to vary the depth of cut.

45. In a machine for securing together layers of material, a device to form an opening in the stock for receiving and concealing fastening material, means for actuating said device intermittently to enter and Withdraw from the stock, means forinserting fastening material in said opening, and means for adjusting said device to vary the depth of the cut.

46. In a machine for inserting fastenings, a device for forming a cut in the stock, a driver for inserting a fasteningin said opening, and means for closing said opening, the cutting device being Withdrawn from the stock when the opening is under the driver,

the fastening `beingthen inserted and the opcningbeing' closed while it isstill under the driver.

47. In a machine of the class described, a Wire-guide composed of abar having a groove to receive wire,'and a detachable and reversible steel block having a plurality of grooves, and aplurality of cutting edges, either of said groovesv being adapted to be alinedwith the groove of the bar.

48. In a machine of the class described, a bender, combined with a cooperating anvil havinga bender-protecting groove inline with one corner of the bender, to obviate dulling of said bender by contact with said anvil.

49. In a machine of the class described, cutting mechanism including a movable 4cutter having its acting edge at an acute angle to the direction of feed of the work, means to move said cutter to feed a fastening into position to be driven, and a driver having its side nearest said movable cutter in a' plane substantially parallel to the edge of said cutter.

50. In a machine of the class described, a wirevfeed wheel,a cooperatingpressure-wheel, to bear upon the wire in opposition tothe feedwheel, said pressure-wheel having a split hub to afford a yielding support therefor.

5l. In a machine of the class described, a feed-wheel, a coperatin g pressure-wheel, and a rotatable, yielding support for and on which the pressure-wheel is eccentrically mounted.

52. In a machine for inserting fastenings, means for forming in the stock a plurality of cuts and raising a lip adjacent to each cut above the surface of the stock, and means for inserting fastenings in said cuts below said lips.

53. In a machine for inserting fastenings, means for forming in the stock a plurality of separate disconnected cuts and raising a lip adjacent to each cut above the surface ofthe stock, and means for inserting a fastening in each of said cuts below said lip and entirely below the surface of the stock.

54. In a machine for inserting fastenings, means to form an opening in the stock and raise a lip on the stock adjacent to the opening, means to insert a fastening in said opening below said lip, and stock-feeding mechanism, said opening being formed and the fastening being inserted in the opening between two consecutive operations of the stock-feeding mechanism.

55. In a machine for inserting fastenings, a device to form an opening in the stock and raise a lip on the stock adjacent to the opening, means for actuating said device intermittently to enter and withdraw from the stock, means for inserting fastening material in said opening below said lip, and stock-feeding mechanism, said opening being formed and the fastening being inserted in the opening between two consecutive operations of the stock-feeding mechanism.

56. In a machine for inserting fastenin gs, a work-support, a presserfoot,means for chang- IOC IIO

ing the relative positions of 'said Work-support and presser-foot to clamp and release the stock, means for forming an opening in the stock and raising a lip on the stock adjacent to the opening, and means for inserting a fastening in said opening below said lip, the opening being formed and the fastening being inserted while the stock is clamped between the work-support and the presser-foot.

57. In a machine for inserting fastenings, a work-support, a presser-foot, means for eh an ging the relative positions of' said Work-support and presser-foot to clamp and release the stock, a device for forming an opening in the stock and raising a lip on the stock adjacent

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