US690714A - Type-writing machine. - Google Patents

Description

Patented lan. 7, l90 2 B. J. FISHER. I I TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

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No. 690,7I4,

' R. J. FISHER. TYPE wnnme momma.

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No. 690,7I4.

R. J. FISHER.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE. (Application filed. June 22, 1900.) (No Model.)

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TYPE wnnms MACHINE.-

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TYPEWR ITING MACHINE.

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(Application flleq June 22, 1900.) (No Model.)

7 Sheets-Sheet 7.

UNITED V STATES 3 ROBERT JOSEPH FISHER,

PATENT ()FFICE.

OF ATHENS, TENNESSEE.

TYPE-WRITING MACHINE.

SPECiFiCATION forming oart of Letters Patent No. 690,714, dated January 7, 1902.

' Application filed June 22, 1900. Serial No. 21,206. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

. Be it known that 1,30BERT JOSEPH FISHER, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Athens, in the cour'rtyof McMinn and State ,of Tennessee, have invented a new and useful Type-Writing Machine, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to type-writing machines, and has special reference to certain improvements in machines of this character whereby there may be secured a low keyboard, visible writing, and a permanent alinement of the type,with a minimum number of operating parts and low cost of construction.

To this end the invention primarily has in View the construction and arrangement of the type-bars in such a manner as to entirely dispense with the usual hanger ring or support for the type-bar bearings, besides providing a substantially direct operating connection between the type-bar proper and the key-stem associated therewith. It is by reason of this important improvement that means are provided for compactly grouping or assembling the type-bar'sand their operating connections in the lowest possible position with reference to the writing plane, thus securing a very low keyboard.

A further object of the novel construction and arrangement of the type-bars is to permit of the grouping thereof in such a Way as to leave, an unobstructed writing space or area, besides a work-vista, to permit of a view of the writing from the front of the machine.

A special object of the inven tion,as already stated, is to provide a construction and arrangement of type-bars involving great simplicity and a minimum number of parts and also to provide type-bar bearings of a considerable lengtlrwhereby under the most abnormal conditions the play of the type-bars at the striking ends thereof will be so infinivention the same possesses special utility when associated with some of the improved features of that type of machines known as the Fisher type-writing. machine and the general nature of which is exemplified by several former patents to-the present applicant, notably Patents No. 569,491, dated October 13, 1896, and No. 573,868, dated December 29, 1896. In carrying out the invention along these lines the same provides an arrangement of the type-barswhereby the latter may strike backward through an open space in rear of the carriage, thus gaining in reach the distance between the striking-point of the type-bars and the front keys of the keyboard and bringing the latter down to close proximity'to the writing plane.

The invention also has in View the provision of an improved bearing member for the type-bars common to all of the same and so designed as to materially reduce the cost of construction of the ordinary type-bar bearings, besides obviating the difficulties usually attending the very accurate construction of such bearings.

The invention also contemplates improvements in the letter-spacing mechanism and other minor parts of the machine which will render the same more efficient and durable and will contribute to the practical use of the type-bar improvement forming the fundamental feature of the application. I

Furthermore, the invention contemplates as a novel feature thereof a traveling typecarriage movable upon a'carriage-supporting frame and comprising a base-plate, frame, or

support located intermediate of the rails of the carriage-supporting frame and in a plane below the upper edges thereof, the dropping ofthe carriage-base between the rails serving to locate the key-actions supported by the base in exceedingly close proximity tothe writing-surface, inasmuch as the key-actions carried by the base comprehend type-bars normally upstanding above the base and having operating-shafts extending from-their lower ends and operatively related to the stems of the operating-keys.

With the foregoing and many other objects in view, which will readily appear to those fatoo miliar with the art, the invention consists in the novel construction, combination, and arrangement of parts hereinafter more fully described, illustrated, and claimed.

ted lines in Fig. 3.

The essential features of the invention are necessarily susceptible to a wide range of modification without departing from the spirit or scope thereof; but the preferred embodiment of the improvements is shown in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is a top plan View of the machine. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the machine from one side. Fig. 8 is a similar view of the opposite side of the machine. Fig. 4 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view of the machine. Fig. 5 is a front elevation, partly in section, of the carriage. Fig. 6 is a horizontal sectional view illustrating the preferable manner of grouping and arranging the typebar-operating shafts and omitting the other parts of the machine for the purpose of clearly exposing the construction. Fig. 7 isa View similar to Fig. 6, omitting the type-bars and their operating-shafts, so as to expose the operating connections respectively for the let ter-spacingmechanism,forthe vertically-movable trip-ring, for the type-heads, and for the ribbon-shifting device. Fig. 8 is a detail in perspective of one complete type-bar, comprising the type-bar or arm proper and its operating-shaft, the view also including the key-stern connection for the type-bar. Fig. 9 is an inner elevation of the type-bar bearing-plate, illustrating the ends of the typebar-operating shafts to expose the grouping thereof in different planes respectively at opposite sides of the transverse center of the ring. Fig. 10 is an enlarged detail elevation of the letterspacing mechanism with the parts arranged in the positions shown in dot- Fig. 11 isa detail in perspective of a modification of the crescent bearing-plate. Fig. 12 is a similar view of another modification of the crescent bearing or bearing-plate.

Like numerals of reference designate corresponding parts in the several figures of the drawings.

The fundamental feature of the present invention resides in the construction and arrangement of the type-bars and the manner of mounting the same in conjunction with their operating rock-shafts, and specific reference will first be made to this part of the machine, as the remaining improvements are subsidiary thereto and have been associated therewith for the purpose of providing a complete book type-Writing machine. It will be obvious as the invention is more fully understood that the construction of the type-bars and the mounting thereof and their operating connections are necessarily susceptible to embodiment in almost any form of type-writing machine, whether for ordinary letter-work or for book and record work, such as the Fisher type-writing machines disclosed in the patents hereinheforc referred to.

In carrying out the invention the type-action, including the type-bars and the operating parts therefor, may be used in difierent classes of machines-for instance, with such machines as have a stationary writing mech anism and a movable writing plane or workshallow or low casing provided with a flat r base or floor 2, the inclosing side and front walls 3 and at, respectively, and the top cover 5, of the usual stepped formation, to provide for the usual keyboard arrangement. To pro vide for the proper arrangement of the typebars in accordance with the present invention, the shallow traveling type-carriage casing 1 is provided within its rear side with the rentrant crescent or approximately semicircular type-basket opening 6, within which the type-bars constituting the basket are arranged in a rearwardly-opening crescent-shaped se ries, whereby said type-bars are permitted to strike rearwardly, thus disposing the entire keyboard in front of the line of writing and enabling the carriage to be advanced forwardly or downwardly from the line of writi ng as the work progresses instead of traveling over it, as is the case in some forms of type-writing machines.

The reentrant crescent or approximately semicircular type-basket opening 6 may be formed in a practical manner by cutting away the rear edge of the carriage base or floor 2, as shown in the drawings, and in connection with the said opening 6 there is designed to be associated one of the important features of the invention-namely, a common bearing member 7 for the entire series of type-baroperating rock-shafts, to be described. This dispenses with a separate or individual bearing member for each rock-shaft and obviating the hanging of the type-bars and their bearings upon hanger-rings or equivalent supports, such as are commonly employed in many forms of type-writing machines. The said common bearing 7 mayof course be constructed in a variety of ways and still preserve its general characteristic of constituting a single bearing or support for the entire series of rock-shafts. It is usually and preferably made of a single strip of sheet-steel, case-hardened, if desired, which is bent into an approximately semicircular or crescent form, so as to conform to the contour of the type-basket opening (5 within the rear side of the carriage-casing. An integral formation of the bearing or bearing-plate 7 is the simplest construction; but it is obvious that the same resultcould be accomplished by making the said bearing 7 of two or more sections, as illustrated in Figs. 11 and 12 of the drawings. In Fig. 11 of the drawings the common beariiigor bearing-plate 7 for the operating-shafts of the type-bars is shown as consisting of a pair of duplicate sections 7 ,which are arranged in flush relation and in circular alinement, so as not to disturb the continuity or general configuration of the bearing, while in Fig. 12 of the drawings the same is shown as consisting of a greater number of sections 7 which maintain the relation described. In bothof these modifications,- while the hearing or bearing-plate 7 is shown as made up of two or more sections, still the same is, properly speaking, a common or single bearing element and is contradistin'guished in this respect from a plurality of. individual bearings for the type-bars or the operating-shafts therefor.

Other modifications may be resorted to without departing from the scope of the invention.

Any approved means may be resorted to for fitting the common sheet-metal bearing 7 in position, as it is only necessary to rigidly fit the same to the carriage-body. This may be accomplished in a simple way by means of screws or equivalent fasteners 8, as shown in Fig. 4 of the drawings.

111 the horizontal form of machine where thetype-bars strike downwardly upon a horizontal writing plane the single sheet-metal crescent bearing stands upright and arises above its point of connection with the base or floor of the casing, and to provide for filling out the height of the carriage-casing there may be utilized in connection with the bearing-plate 7 a crescent casing plate or ring 9,

which surmounts the plate 7 and is arranged flush therewith to constitute a back wall for the rear portion of the carriage-casing. The back casing-plate 9 and the bearing-plate 7 may be secured together by any suitable means, and conveniently so by providing the meeting edges of the said plates with a plurality of ofiset ears 10, connected by screws or equivalent fastenings 11, as plainly shown in'Figs. 5-and 8 of the drawings.

The common hearing or bearing-plate 7, whether of integral or sectional formation, is simply drilled with a series of bearing-openings 12, which are designed to receive therein the rear end portions of the straight operating rock-shafts 13 for the swinging type-bars 14,

grouped within the type-basket opening 6 in 7 close proximity to the wall of said opening,

.which is bounded in part by the alined bearing and easing plates 7 and 9. In carrying out the invention each type-bar 14 and its operating rock-shaft 13 is preferably constructed in one piece, which may be effected in various ways,

one of which is to weld the type-bar directly to its operating-shaft. By reason of this construction each type-bar, mechanically speaking, is in the form of a swinging bar or arm portion 14, having direct and in this instance integral connection with an operating rockshaft 13, which elements move in unison and said operat ng rock-shaft being designed to have a practically direct connection with the- .key-stem. By reason of this substantially direct key-stem connection with each operating rock-shaft 13 the present invention obviates a plurality of operating connections between the type-bar and the key therefor, such as are usually employed in ordinary typewriting machines. This part of the invention contemplates a direct motion being transmitted to each type-bar-operating shaft from a vertically-moving key-stem 15, extending upward through the top cover of the carriage-casing, and provided at its upper end with the usual character-bearing key 16, constituting an element of the key-board. Each vertically-moving key-stem 15 has a pivotal connection at its lower end, as at 17, with a crank-arm 18, rigid with one end of the typebar-operating shaft 13 associated therewith and, in order to secure the regular spacingof the keys in rows, it may be found desirable to provide some of the key-stems with curved or deflected portions 19 at their lower ends,where the same connect with the crank-arms 18 of their respective type-bar-operating shafts 13. This constitutes a single direct key-stem connection, and it will therefore be readily seen that the invention provides a simple form of type-bar and operating means therefor which dispenses with the large number of parts which usually go to make up the type-action of ordinary type-writing machines, as already stated. At this point it may be noted that all of the type -baroperating shafts must leave the type-bars crescent, by which is meant the crescent-shaped series of type-bars at the same angle, in order to prevent conof the shafts to allow. the key-stems to reach or connect with the crank arms 18. Such bending of some of the shafts, however, would not disturb the general or substantially straightaway formation of said shafts, which may be properly said to be of a substantially straight or straightaway formation from one bearing-point to the other.

The construction described permits of a simple and effective arrangement of the resetting or retracting springs 20, as it is only necessary to coil or twine the said springs upon the type-bar-operating shafts and-connect the same at their opposite ends, respectively, with collars 21 on the shafts and fixed points of support 22, which are preferably the inner bearing-brackets for the shafts, as

plainly shown in Fig. 8 of the drawings. The

type-bars to their normal upright positions after the type has been struck and the pressure of the finger removed from the key. The arrangement of springs described, however, is not essential to the proper carrying'outof the invention, but is illustrative of the convenience with which the springs may be 5 sec,

mounted and utilized in the most effective way.

The key connect-ions are all alike, and the keys are arranged to form the keyboard in the usual way-that is, being arranged in separate parallel rows at different elevations to secure the usual stepped order of the keys-- so further reference to this part of the machine is unnecessary; but special attention is directed to the novel manner of mounting and grouping the type-bars and their operating-shafts 13 with reference to the crescent bearing 7 and the inner bearing-brackets 22, which are mounted directly upon the base or floor of the carriage-casing.

In adapting the type-bars and their operating-shafts to the horizontal type of machine such as shown in the drawings the said operating-shafts are all arranged in substantially horizontal planes parallel with and in close proximity to the base or floor of the carriagecasing, thereby dropping the entire type-action in exceedinglyclose relation to the writing plane, whereby an exceedingly-low keyboard maybe maintained in carrying out the invention. In the first place, it is to be observed that the front bearing-brackets 22 for the typebar-operating shafts 13 may simply consist of short plates or arms extending upwardly from the base or floor of the carriage-casing and drilled with bearing-openings to receive the inner extremities of the type-bar-operating shafts, and in the construction shown each type-bar-operating shaft finds a bearing in one of said brackets 22 and in one of the drilled bearing-openings 12 of the. crescent bearing 7. These bearings for each operating-shaft are arranged in direct alinement, though in widely-spaced relation, whereby a very wide or long bearing is secured for each type-bar-operating shaft, thus reducing the possible play thereof to a minimum. In order to secure the closest possible grouping of the type-bars and their operating-shafts,while at the same time preserving the straightaway formation of the shafts, so that they will extend in a straight line from one bearing to the other, the type-bars may be said to be arranged in separate side banks or groups respectively at opposite sides of the center of the common bearing 7, and each type-bar 14 extends obliquely from its operating-shaft 13, or, in other words, is disposed obliquely to the axis of rotation of its operating-shaft. There is a twofold advantage in this obliquity of the type-bars, and that is, first, to permit of straight operating-shafts 13 being employed in connection with a pair of bearings arranged in direct alinement, and, second, to provide for disposing the type-bars in each side bank when in their at-rest position, oblique to a vertical plane, with the bars of the opposite banks inclined, respectively, in opposite directions, whereby there is formed at the center of the type-basket between the separate side banks or groups of the type bars a widened and upwardly-flaring central workvista 23, which enables the operator to look directly within the type-basket opening 6 upon the Writing or printing. This is a very advantageous feature of the separated oblique arrangement of the side banks of type-bars, inasmuch as visible writing is provided for.

In further explanation of the compact arrangement and grouping of the entire typeaction directly within the bottom portion of the carriage-casing it is to be noted that the series of operating rock-shafts 13 for oneside bank of type-bars extend forwardly from the bearing 7 in divergent relation and are disposed in one general direction, While the said operating-shafts for the opposite side bank of type-bars bear a similar divergent relation as they extend from the bearing 7, but are disposed in an opposite direction, whereby all of the operating-shafts will be bunched as closely toward the central portion of the carriage as possible, while at the same time maintaining the straightaway formation of the rock-shafts and the direct alinement of the bearings therefor. It will thus be observed that the divergently-arranged operating rock-shafts for the opposite banks of type-bars will necessarily cross each other, but this crossing occurs in different horizon- .tal planes, so that there is no interference between the shafts and their connections. To secure the crossing of the opposite sets of rock-shafts in different horizontal planes, it is of course necessary to drill the bearingopenings 12 in the bearing 7 in corresponding planes, as is plainly shown in Fig. 9 of the drawings. Referring particularly to this figure of the drawings, it will be seen that the rear extremities of the operating rockshafts, which project through the bearingopenings in the hearing or bearing-plate 7, respectively, project in opposite directions for opposite banks of type-bars, and the bearing-openings for opposite sets -of operatingshat'ts are necessarily arranged in different planes, whereby the different series of bearing-openings may be said to be arranged in a staggered relation. This is plainly shown in Figs. 9, 11, and 12 of the drawings and provides for the crossing of the opposite sets of operating-shafts in diiferent horizontal planes.

To secure uniformity throughout the entire type-action and in order that the type-bars may stand parallel with each other to avoid conflicting, the bearing-openings in the common bearing or bearing-plate? are all drilled at corresponding or uniform tangents, and all of the inner bearing-brackets 22 individually maintain the same relation to the curvature of the said common bearing or bearing-plate '7. It may be further observed at this point that the front bearing-brackets are spaced as far from the common bearing 7 as the arrangement of the keys and the width of the carriage will permit in order to secure a maximum length of bearing for the individual type-bars. These bearings, as also the operating rock-shafts, vary in length, and by the play of the latter is necessarily infinitesimal upon a slight play'of the shaft, and maavoid conflict between the bars.

terial disalin'ement of the type is obviated. It should also be explained that many difficulties were encountered in the practical development of this invention. First, it was highly desirable to make the type-bars rigid with the operating rock-shafts in order to eliminate most of the costly delicate parts of type-bar type-writing machinessuch as the type-ring, the usual type-bar bearings, the pivots, drawwires, turnbuckles, due-and to get as long bearing as possible for the type-bar in order to secure permanent alinement of the types. Second, it was highly desirable to adhere to the standard or universal keyboard, because it has been demonstrated that only such a keyboard is popular. Third, it was also highly desirable to keep the keyboard as low as possible, because a great many operators object to a high keyboard, and, fourth, the axis of movement of the type-bars should be as near the writing-surface as possible, because the types keep their alinement better than when the axis of movement of the bar is located farther from the writing-surface.

In order to meet the first requirement of type-bars rigid with their operating rockshafts, it was found that to get a practical simple construction it was necessary to have the operating rock-shafts lead away or project from the type-bar opening at a uniform tangent in order that the type-bars should stand substantially parallel when at rest to Inasmuch as the operating rock-shafts should be practically straight to secure the most practical simple construction, a great difficulty was encountered when it was found that there was not sufficient room for the requisite number of rock-shafts where they converge at the type-bar opening and that there was a conflict between the rock-shafts at this point; in other words, that there was only sufficient room at the type-bar opening for about onefifth the number of rock-shafts, and consequently type-bars, that would be needed for. the ordinary characters ofa type-writing ma-' chine. At this stage it was found that if the rock-shafts were placed oblique to their typebars about one-half the required number of rock-shafts could be used without interferfence at the type-bar opening. A very obtuse angle between the bars and rock-shafts could not be used, however, without scattering the keyboard or spreading it in a lateral direction to too great an extent. It was then decided to stagger the rock-shafts where they converge at the type-bar opening, or, in other words, alternate the rock-shafts by placing thosefrom each side of the openingin two horizontal planes in order to get in the requi site number of rock-shafts without interference at this point. Inasmuch as a standard -or universal keyboard, with its compact regular rows of keys, necessitated the bunching of the rock-shaftsat the front of the machine, it was found that those rock-shafts projecting from one side of the type-bar opening should project in a different or reverse direction from those rock-shafts projecting from the other side of the opening, but that the tangent of all the rock-shafts should be the same. At this point it was found that the rock-shafts projecting from one side of the opening for the type-bars would soon meet and conflict with the rock-shafts projecting fromithe other side of the type-bar opening. In order to overcome this difficulty, the'rockshafts coming from one side of the type-bar opening were placed in different horizontal planes from those projecting from the other side of the opening, so that the rock-shafts in one plane could pass those in another plane, the distance between the planes of the rock-shafts being as little as could be used, as it was desired to keep the axes of movement of the type-bars as close to the writing surface as possible.

To meet the second primary requirement of a standard or universal keyboard with its keys I in regular rows substantially equidistant, in-

der to be able to reach those rock-shafts occupying'lower horizontal planes with their respective key-stems it was found to benecessary to have thoserock-shafts in the highest horizontal plane the shortest, those in the next lower plane the next shortest, those in the next lower plane next shortest, whilethose in the lowest plane must project farthest to the front to reach the bank of keys nearest the operator. This formation was substantially adhered to. Then another difficulty was encountered here. Inasmuch as the position of the rock-shafts could not be altered and inasmuch as it was desired to space the keys uniformly in rows, another difficulty was encountered in getting a connection between the rock-shaft and its respective key-ste m After considerable experimenting it was found that the rock-shafts could be connected to their respective key-stems; by bending the-latter, and that, too, not to such an extent as would interfere with the touch or nice operation of the keys. The universal arrangement of the keyboard precluded, it was seen, the use of a full ring or circular type-bar opening, because the use of a circular series of type-bars would necessitate substantially a circular keyboard if the rock-shafts were to be rigid with the type-bars. This crescent-shaped series of type-bars materially limited the space for the rock-shafts where they converged at'the opening.

To secure the third primary requisitenamely, to keep the keyboard as low as possiblethe base of the frame of the type-car riage, with its attendant rock-shafts or type system, was mounted between the frame of the machine upon which the type-carriage travels and in a plane below the top of the lastmentioned frame.

In order to secure the fourth primary requisite, the rock-shafts are mounted very near to the base of the frame of .the type-carriage, those rock-shafts in the lowest horizontal plane being only sufficiently removed from the base of the carriage to permit them to rock. in fact, they are so close to the base that the base is cut out beneath the bell-cranks on these rock-shafts to give the cranks the necessary movement. Those rock shafts in higher planes are mounted only sufficiently higher to permit the shafts to cross without conflict. In this way the axis of movement of the type-bars was kept as close to the writing-surface as possible.

Inasmuch as visible writing is very desirable in a type-writing machine and inasmuch as it would be difficult for the operator to see the writing being done when at the top of a page of the book or sheet by looking over the top of the series of type-bars, it was decided to leave out an arm at the immediate front of the machine in order to create a work-vista in a line between the operator and the work being done.

"While the improvements already described are necessarily applicable to different forms of machines and the type-bars may be utilized in connection with different means for printing upper and lower case characters, still in carrying out the invention it is preferred to provide each of the type-bars proper, 14, at the swinging or striking end thereof, with a pair of type 24, whose printing-faces are disposed at an angle to each other, said type respectively bearing upper and lower case characters, and although any form of type-bearing head may be arranged for use with the novel form of type-bar and operating-shaft therefor, yet for purposes of illustration each type-bar is shown in the drawings as being fitted with a type-bearing head 25, carrying the pair of type 24, said type-bearing head being pivotally mounted upon the type-bar and having a heel end 26 cooperating with a pivotal trigger or latch 27, also mounted upon the type-bar and serving to lock the type-head in one position, but which when released from the heel 236 permits the type-head to turn on its pivot under centrifugal force and strike one of the characters. This centrifugal type-bearing head and the trigger 27 associated therewith are fully disclosed in my former patent, No. 578,554, and as no specific claim is made herein thereto further description thereof is unnecessary. It may be explained, further, that in view of the centrifugal action of the type-heads 25 and the locking and unlocking action of the triggers 27,associated therewith, it is necessary to equip the complete machine shown in the drawings with a vertically-movable trip-ring 28. Thistrip-ringmayperhapsbemoreproperly termed a semiring, and is arranged outside of the path of movement of the type-bars, but is adapted to be moved to an interfering position with relation to the triggers 27 when it is designed to release the triggers from the type-heads to permit of the printing of upper-case characters. This action of the trip- .ring is the same as that described in my former patent, No. 578,554, but in the present invention the ring is necessarily arrangedin a somewhat-different p0sition,being disposed parallel with and above the crescent bearing 7 and arranged to work in the guide-slots 29 formed in the upstanding supporting-brackets 30, which are extended upwardly from the top of the carriage-casing at the top of the back casing-plate 9 and have fitted thereto the cushion or rest ring 31 for the backs of the type-bars in their upstanding or at-restpositions, said cushion or rest ring 31 subserving the usual function of arresting and cushioning the return movement of the type-bars as they swing upwardly and backwardlyfrom the printing-point. The said trip-ring 28 is formed intermediate its ends with a central depressed portion 28, which skirts below the work-vista 23, so as to not obstruct the view therethrough, as maybe seen from the dotted line in Fig. 5 of the drawings.

The vertically-movable trip-ring 28 for the type-heads has vertical play in the guide-slots 29 of the brackets 30 and is suitably fastened to the upper ends of adjusting-sleeves 32, arranged, respectively, at opposite sides of the type-basket opening 6, and having a vertically-sliding movement upon the guide-posts 33, arranged inside of the carriage casing within the rear portion thereof and sustained in position by the supporting-arms 34, which may be secured fast to an adjacent part of the carriage-casing, preferably to the side walls thereof, as shown in Fig. 7 of the drawings. The vertically movable adjustingsleeves 32, which are secured at their upper ends to the trip-ring 28, have fitted thereto the connecting pins or studs 35, with which are loosely engaged the rear slotted ends 36 of the swinging adjusting-arms 37, which are secured fast at their opposite ends by means of collars 38 or otherwise to a transverse rockshaft 39, arranged transversely of the carriage-casing in rear of the type-basket opening and jonrnaled in suitable bearings at its ends. The said transverse adjusting rockshaft 39 has suitably fitted thereto a pressurespring 40, the normal tension of which is sufficient to elevate the trip-ring 28 to an inactive non-interfering position, so that in the normal action of the machine the triggers 27 will pass beneath and clear the said ring, and thereby permit of the continuous printing of lowercase characters until it is desired to print an upper-case character, whereupon the proper key upon the keyboard is manipulated to actuate the shaft 39, and thereby provide for swinging the arms 37 downwardly, with a consequent downward movement of the ad- IIO justing-sleeves and the ring 28 carried the adjusting rock-shaft 39, the same has:

fitted thereto at a suitable point, preferably near one side of the carriage-casing, a short rock-arm 41, to the swinging extremity of which is pivotally connected, as at'42, one end of the link 43, the other end of which link is pivotally connected to one arm of the oscillatory lever 44, pivotally mounted intermediate its ends, as at 45, within the carriage-casing and having the end opposite its connection with the link 42 pivotally connected to the lower end of the key stem 46, extending through the top cover of the carriage-casing and bearing a shift'key 47, commonly termed the cap-key, which is pressed when itis desired to print an upper-case or capital letter.

A depression of the cap or shift-key 47 oscillates the lever 44 in a direction to provide for the movement of the trip-ring previouslyreferred to. The necessary-step-by-step movement of the carriage is accomplished through the medium of the letter-spacingor escapement mechanism, as it is sometimes called, and the present invention embodies certain novel improvements over the type of escapement mechanism disclosed in my former patent, No. 573,868. As the operation of the letter-spacing mechanism is intimately asso-v ciated with the movement of the type-carriage in the form of machine herein described, reference will be first made to the mounting of the carriage to permit of a traveling movement with reference to the work. It has already been explained that the carriage is designed to be arranged in close proximity to the writing-plane, and to permit of it traveling transversely across the writing-plane the same is supported for travel by the front and rear carriage- rails 48 and 49, respectively,

.which rails practically constitute the carriagesupporting frame, which is designed to move longitudinally upon the main toothed trackrails 50, which are arranged longitudinally upon the book or other work and are associated with a suitable type-writing-machine support.

It may here be noted that an important feature of the invention resides in the dropping of the base 2 of the carriage between the carriagerails 48 and 49 and below the upper edges thereof and in mounting the key connections close to this base and preferably directly thereon so that the axes of movement of the type-bars will be closely adjacent to the writingsurface. In the Fisher type-writing machine now in commercial use the casing of the carriage is mounted wholly above the carriage-supporting rails of the traveling machine-frame, and from the casing depends the type-basket. Where the type-basket is employed, it may be dropped to a point close above the platen, so as to present the type-bar bearings close to the writing-surface. It will be understood, however,

that in the present invention the pendent type-basket is entirely eliminated and the type-action is supported upon the base of the carriage proper or carri age-casin g, andtherefore one important feature of the invention,

as heretofore stated, resides in the dropping of this casing or carriage-between the car-,

riage-supporting rails, so as to bring the typeaetions very close to the surface of the platen. The said carriage- rails 48 and 49 are provided at their under sides with notches 52, slidably fitting over the main track-rails 50 and in substantially the same manner as thecarriage-supporting frame shown in my former patentsfor instance, Nos. 569,491 and 573,868. In this connection it may be observed that the carriage-supporting frame,

consisting of the front and rear rails 48 and 49, is designed to be propelled longitudinally upon the main track-rails through the me.-

dium of the line spacing mechanism 53,-

which is mounted at the front side of the front rail 48 and includes the transverse propelling shaft 54, supported at the front of the carriage carrying frame and fitted with the spaced pinions or wheels 55, meshing with 1 the teeth of the main track-rails 50, and said line-spacing mechanism is ofsubstantially the same construction and operates in the same manner as the line-spacing mechanism disclosed in several of the patents referred to. No claim is made in the present application to the said mechanism. a l

In carrying out the present invention it is preferable to provide both the front and rear carriage or frame rails 48 and 49, which extend transversely across the mainrails 50,

with plain and toothed portions 55 and 56, re-

spectively, the toothed portions 56 of said rails constituting racks to receive the pinions 57, mounted on opposite extremities of one of the carrying-shafts 58, which extend .transversely across thecarriage, respectively, at opposite sides of the type-basket opening 6 thereof. Both carrying-shafts 58 are journaled in suitable bearings at the front and rear sides of the carriage and have fitted thereto the plain traveler-wheels 59, which ride upon the plain portions of the carriagerails, said traveler-wheels 59 at the rearextremities of the carrying-shafts 58. being peripherally grooved, asindicated at 60, to fit the correspondingly-shaped portion of the carriage-rail 49, and thereby assist in preventing the lateral displacement of the carriage.

To prevent vertical displacement of the carriage, it is preferable to provide the front and rear rails 48 and 49 with longitudinal, guidinggrooves 61 at their inner sides, said grooves receiving the gibs or keys 52, fittedto the carriage-casin g, although any other, expedient for slidably interlocking the carriage with the rails may be resorted to.

To render the letter-spacing or ,escapmen mechanism effective, the carriage is normally drawn in one direction by the carriage-actuating devices 63', which are supported on suitable brackets 64, attached to the front and rear carriage-rails beyond the extreme limit of movement of the carriage, and said carriage-aetuating devices 63 may be of the same construction as shown in my former patent, No. 573,868, and simply consist of spring-actuated drums having pulling-tapes 64, connected with the carriage at suitable pointsofattachment. Said actuatingdevices 63 tend to normally strain or pull the carriage in the direction of its advance in print ing; but this movement is checked bythe letter -spacing or escapement mechanism, to whichI will now revert. This letter-spacing or escapement mechanism is associated directly with one of the carrying-shafts 58 and includes as an essential element thereof a double escapement wheel or disk 65, which is mounted fast on one of the shafts 58, preferably contiguous to the front side of the carriage-casing,and provided, respectively, upon opposite sides thereof with the lateral ratchetfaees 66 and 66, whose teeth are disposed in the same direction and with which respectively cooperate the operating and holding dogs 67 and 68. These dogs are pivotally connected by a scissors-joint 69, including a pivot-pin 70, holding the dogs pivotally upon the upper end of the supporting-post 71, mounted on the base or floor 2 of the carriagecasing and terminating short of the shaft 58, carrying the escapernent wheel or disk 65, so as to dispose the dogs 67 and 68 below the said shaft to engage with the ratchet- faces 66 and 66 at the loweredge of the escapement wheel or disk. The scissors-joint 69 referred to and, in fact, the construction and general operation of the two dogs are Very similar to thatdisclosed in myformerpatent,No. 573,868, it only being necessary to explain in the present case that the shoulders of the scissors-joint between the two dogs are such that upon a movement of the operating-dog 67 toward the ratchet-face 66 of the escapement-wheel the two dogs become locked together, and the dog 68 is carried out of engagement with the ratchet-face 66, while the said dog 68 is permitted a slight independent play for individual disengagement when the release-key is operated to release the carriage and permit of it being run along the rails in either direction. The said dogs 67 and 68 of the letter-spacing mechanism are properly held in their at-rest positions through the medium of the holding-spring 72, coiled upon the supporting-post 71 and suitably connected with the dogs at their under sides, and both of said dogs are provided at one side of their pivotal connections 69 with the oppositelyarranged arms 73 and 74, respectively. The arm 73 of the dog 67 is provided with a slot 75, which adjustably receives therein the pivot-screw 76, which connects one end of the link 77 with the arm 73. The other end of said link is threaded or otherwise adjustably connected, as at 77*, with a block 7 8, which is pivoted at 79 to the flattened reduced stem 80 of the reciprocatoryactuatingbar 81, mounted to work in the guide-brackets 82, projecting inwardly from one side wall of the carriage-casin g, the forward of said brackets nearest the front of the casing having therein an opening with a flattened side corresponding to the flattened reduced stem 80 of the actuating-bar 81 to prevent turning thereof. The said sliding actuating-bar 81 is normally moved in one direction through the medium of the return-spring 83, coiled thereon and bearing at one end against one of the brackets 82, and atits other end against a collar 84: on the bar.

To provide for operating the letter-spacing or escapement mechanism, it is simply necessary to move the actuating-bar 81 in a direction opposed to the force of the spring 83, and a brief reference will now be made to the preferred means for transmitting motion to the said actuating-bar from any of the keys of the keyboard. A practical way of accomplishing the result referred to is shown in the drawings and consists in providing the vertically-movable keystems 15 with offstanding engaging pins or projections 85, which are designed to normally lie above and engage upon a depression of the keys with a universal or yoke bar 86, extending longitudinally across the carriage-casing to cooperate with the series of keys associated therewith. To effect the desired operation of the letterspacing mechanism with the use of a minimum number of parts, it may be found preferable, as shown in the drawings, to utilize a single universal or yoke bar 86 with two rows of keystems by having the engaging pins or projections 85 of the stems in such rows projecting in a direction toward each other, so as to overlie the universal or yoke bar, as may be plainly seen from Fig. 4 of the drawings. Each of the universal or yoke bars 86, which extend longitudinally across the casing, is fitted at its opposite ends to the carrying-arms 87, suitably fitted at one end upon the supporting rock-shaft 88, also extending longitudinally of the carriage-casing and journaled at its extremities in suitable bearings at the sides thereof, and each supporting rock-shaft 88 for the universal or yoke bars 86 has fitted thereto at suitable points a swinging tappet-arm 89, pendent from the shaft and adapted to engage with a pin or similar projection on the reciprocatory actuating-bar 81 for the letter-spacing mechanism. It will thus be seen that upon a depression of any key of the keyboard one of the universal or yoke bars 86 will be depressed, thereby rocking its supporting-shaft 88 and forcing the tappet-arm 89 against one of the pins or projections 90. This action causes the backward movement of the actuating-bar 81, which thereupon oscillates the operating-dog 67 in a direction which carries it toward the ratchet-face 66 of the escapement-wheel 65 and at the same time moves the holding-dog 68 out of engagement with the opposite ratchet-face of said disk. This permits the carriage-actuating device or devices 63 to advance the carriage a letter-space. Of course when the pressure of the finger is removed from the key the dogs of the letterspacing or escapement mechanism assume their normal positions, and it is really in this operation that the advance of the carriage the distance of a letter space is effected, such operation being similar in all respects to the operation of the letter-spacing mechanism disclosed in my former patent, No. 573,868. The space-bar 91 has an operative connection 92 with one of the universal or yoke bars 86, so that the word-spacing may be effected in the usual Way. The release of the carriage from this letter-spacing or escapement mechanism is effected through the medium of the release-key 93, arranged as a part of the keyboard and whose stem 94: is connected to one arm of the bell-crank lever 95, pivotally mounted on the pivot-post 96, fitted to one side of the carriage-casing and having associated therewith a coiled resetting-spring 97, arranged on the said pivot-post. The other arm of the said bell-crank lever has pivotally connectedthereto one end of an operating-link 98, having a slotted end 99 loosely engaging with one extremity of the arm 74 of the holding-dog 68. By depressing the release-key 93 the bell-crank serves to draw upon the holding-dog 68 and release the same from the escapement-wheel without moving the dog 67, whereupon the carriage may be moved back-and forth over the rails to the position desired.

,The ribbon mechanism forms no part of the present invention and is not claimed herein; but a brief reference will be made to the preferred type of ribbon mechanism which is utilized in connection with the machine illustrated in the drawings and especially for the purpose of showing the relation thereof to the open-top basket at the rear side of the carriage-casing. The inking-ribbon 100 is arranged to extend transversely across the typebasket opening 6 and is designed to be shift-.

ed transversely to expose the line being written when this is desired. The said ribbon is designed to wind and unwind upon the oppositely-arranged ribbon-spools 101, located, respectively, at diametrically opposite sides of the rear portion of the carriage-casin g, and each of said spools is slidably mounted or feathered on the rotatable spindle 102, journaled in suitable bearings 103, fitted to the carriage-casing and spaced a sufficient distance apart to accommodate the play of the spools. Each spool is loosely embraced by a shifting yoke 101, also sliding upon the spindle 102 and provided below the plane of the spool with the ribbon-guide 105, projecting slightly beneath the carriage-casing to direct the ribbon thereunder and across the typebasket opening 6, and each of the ribbonguides 105 has mounted therein a supportingtraveler 106, riding upon a short rail-section 107, fitted to the contiguous side of the carriage-easing. Each of the shiftable ribbonguides 105 has connected thereto at one end one end of the shift-bar 108, the other end of which is pivotally connected with the lower end of the rock-arm 109, carried by a rockshaft 110, arranged transversely within the carriage-casing in front of the type-basket. The said rock-shaft carries the arms 109 for both of the shift-bars 108, respectively, at opposite sides of the casing, and atasuitable point within the casing, preferably near one side thereof, the said ribbon-shift rock-shaft 110 is provided with an actuating-arm 111, which has a link connection 112 with one end of the oscillatory lever 113, pivotally supported on the post 114 within the carriage-casing and having connected to its opposite end the vertically-movable stem of the ribbon-shift key 115. A spring 116 is coiled on the shaft 110, preferably at one end, to normally hold the ribbon in the printing position.

The spool-spindles 102 have loosely mounted on one end thereof the pinions 117, which travel upon the rack portion 56 of the rear carriage or frame-rail 49, and at one side of the'pinions 117 the spool-spindles 102 have fixedly mounted thereon the ratchet-wheels 118, with which cooperate the dogs 119, normally held in engagement with the ratchetwheels 118 and provided with lateral releasebuttons 120, adapted to be engaged by the beveled release-disks 121, slidably mounted upon the spool-spindles 102. The sliding release-disks 121 upon the opposite spool-spindles 102 have respectively pivoted thereto the opposite ends of the releasing-lever 122, which is pivotally supported intermediate its ends, as at 123, and is provided at suchpoint with a beveled catch projection 124, with which cooperates a locking-spring 125, adapted to engage with the catch projection 124: in either position of the lever 122. When the lever 122 is in one position, one of the release-disks 121 is necessarily out of engagement with the button 120 of the adjacent dog 119, and consequently permitting the said dog to operatively connect the adjacent pinion 117 and ratchet-wheel 118 together, so that as the carriage is moved along the spindle 102 con: nected with said elements will be rotated to provide for winding up the ribbon. At the same time the directly-opposite release-disk 121 holds the adjacent dog disengaged, so as to permit the pinion 117 associated therewith to idly rotate as it travels on the rack of the rail 49 without actuating the spool at that side of the machine for winding up the ribbon. The action of the mechanism may be reversed by simply swinging the reversinglever to its opposite position. A further description of the ribbon mechanism is'unnecessary, as it is simply disclosed for illustrative purposes and not as a part of the application.

In the foregoing description the invention has been set forth in its preferred aspect; but the essential features of construction, especially those centering around the construction and mounting of the type-bars, are necessarily adapted for use in connection with almost any type of type-writing machine, and it should therefore be understood that various changes in the form, proportion, and minor details of construction may be resorted to Without departing from the principle or sacrificing any of the advantages of this invention.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new, and desired to he secured by Letters Patent, is

1. In atypc-writing machine, the combination with a frame, and a rearwardly-opening crescent-shaped series of type-bars having a common printii'igpoint, of operating rockshafts directly connected to the type-bars, and keys connected to said rock-shafts and located at the front of the frame.

2. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a frame, and a rearwardiy-opening, crescent-shaped series of typcbars having a common printing-point, of operating rockshafts directly connected to the type-bars and disposed out of parallel, all of said rockshafts extending toward the front of the frame, and keys for operating said rockshafts.

3. In a type-Writing machine, the combination with a series of upstanding type-bars arranged in crescent formation, of operating rock-shafts rigidly connected to the type-bars, and keys disposed above the rock-shafts and operatively connected therewith.

4. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a frame, of a. series of keys disposed adjacent to one side thereof, a series of upstanding type-bars disposed adjacent to the opposite side thereof and arranged in crescent formation, and a series of operating rock shafts rigidly connected to the type-bars and extended forwardly into operative relation with the keys.

5. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a frame, of a keyboard at one side thereof, a series of upstanding type-bars disposed at the opposite side thereof and arranged in crescent formation, and a series of operating rock-shafts directly connected with the type-bars and extended under the keyboard.

6. In a type-writing machine, the com nination with a frame, of a rearwardly-opening, crescent-shaped series of upstanding typebars having a common printing-point, a series of keys, and a series of rock-shafts having direct connect-ion with the type-bars, said rock-shafts being disposed in the interval between the type-bars and keys and having operative connection with said keys.

7. In a type-writing machine, the-combination with a series of upstanding type-bars having a common printing-point, of operating rock-shafts rigidly connected to the typebars and disposed obliquely thereto, and having substantially direct connection with the type-bars.

8. In a type-writing machine, the combination with the keys, and a crescent-shaped series of type-bars, of operating rock-shafts directly connected to the type-bars and disposed obliquely thereto, said rock-shafts being disposed in a plane or planes below the keys.

9. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a rearwardly-opening, crescentshaped series of normally-upstanding typebars having a common printing'point, of op erating rock-shafts rigidly connected to the type-bars and disposed obliquely thereto, and keys located at points removed from the type-bars, said rock-shafts being extended beyond the type-bars for operative connection with the keys.

10. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a bearing member, of a series of operating rock-shafts journaled therein and extended beyond opposite sides thereof, a se ries of type-bars rigidly connected to the rock-shafts at one side of the bearing member, and arranged in a rearwardly-opening, crescent-shaped series, and keys operatively related to the rock-shafts.

11. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a series of operating rock-shafts disposed in staggered relation, of a series of upstanding type-bars directly connected to the shafts, and keys disposed above the rockshafts for operating the same.

12. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a crescent-shaped series of typeba'rs, of operating rock-shafts disposed in staggered relation and rigidly connected to the type-bars, and keys disposed above and connected to said rock-shafts.

13. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a frame, and a crescent-shaped series of type-bars adjacent to one side thereof, of a series of type-keys adjacent to the opposite side of the frame, and operating rock-shafts disposed in staggered relation and rigidly connected to the type-bars, said rock-shafts being extended into operative relation with the keys.

H. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a series of operating rock-shafts in staggered relation, of upstanding type-bars rigidly connected with the rock-shafts and bearing oblique relation thereto, and keys for operating the'rock-shafts.

15. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a series of staggered operating rock-shafts, and type-bars rigidly connected thereto, of keys disposed above the rockshafts and connected therewith.

16. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a series of type-bars havinga common printing-point, and operating-keys therefor, of a series of divergently-related ICC rock-shafts directly connected to the typebars below the upper ends thereof, and extended into operative relation with the keys.

17. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a cresent-shaped series of upstanding type-bars, and operating-keys therefor, of a series of staggered, divergently-relatcd operating rock-shafts rigidly connected to the type-bars and extended in operative relation with the keys.

18. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a cresent-shaped series of typebars, and'operating-keys therefor, of operatin g rock-shafts rigidly connected to the typebars and extended into operative relation with the keys, said rock-shafts being disposed in oblique relation to the type-bars and in divergent relation with each other.

19. In a type-writing machine, thecombination with a crescent-shaped series of typebars, and operating-keys therefor, of operating rock-shafts rigidly connected to the typebars and extended below the keys for operative connection therewith, said rock-shafts being disposed in oblique relation to the typebars and in divergent relation to each other.

20. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a crescent-shaped series of typebars, and operating-keys therefor, of operating rock-shafts in staggered and divergent relation, said rock-shafts being rigidly connected to the type-bars and disposed obliquely thereto, and a connection between the keys and rock-shafts.

21. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a crescent-shaped series of upstanding type-bars, of operating-keys therefor, and operating rock-shafts rigidly con nected to the type-bars and extending tangentially from the type-bar crescent and into operative relation with the keys.

22. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a crescent-shaped series of upstanding type-bars, and operating-keys therefor, of operating rock-shafts connected to the type-bars and extending from the type-bar crescent at uniform tangents, and connections between the type-bars and keys. I

23. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a crescent-shaped series of typebars, and operating-keys, of operating rock- -shafts rigidly connected to the type-bars and disposed obliquely thereto, said rock-shafts extending from the type-bar crescent at uniform tangents and disposed in operative relation with and below the keys. I

24. In a type-writing machine, the combination with operating mechanism, of a crescent-shaped series of type-bars composed of separate groups, the bars of said groups being reversely inclined normally to define a workvista of upwardly-increasing width.

25. In a type-writing machine, a support for the type-action, and separate groups of type-bars having operating rock-shafts rigid therewith, the rock-shafts for each group of type-bars extending from the latter in divergent relation.

26. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a series of type-bars, and operat= ing-keys therefor, of operating rock-shafts rigidly connected to the type-bars and disposed in angularly-related groups, and con-' -spectto the shafts of the other group.

28. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a crescent-shaped series of typebars, and operating-keys therefor, of operating rock-shafts connected to the type-bars and extending at uniform tangents from the type-bar crescent, said shafts being divided in separate groups disposed in different horizontal planes. 1

29. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a crescent-shaped series of typebars, and operating-keys therefor, of operating rock-shafts connected to the type-bars and extending tangentially from the type-bar crescent, said shafts being composed of separate groups in reverse relation.

' 30. In a type-writing machine, thecombination with a crescent-shaped series of typebars, and operating-keys therefor, of operating rock-shafts extending at uniform but reverse tangents from the type-bar crescent.

31. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a crescent-shaped series of typebars and operating-keys therefor, of operating rock-shafts rigidly connected to the typebars and composed of separate groups, the rock-shafts of each group being disposed at uniform tangents from the type-bar crescent,

this tangential disposition of the shafts of one group being the reverse of the tangential dis .position of the shafts of the other group.

32. In a type-writing machine, the'combination with a frame, of a rearwardly-opening, v

crescent-shaped series of type-bars having a common printing-point, a series of keys, and a series of operating rock-shafts having rigid connection with the type-bars and extended to a'position below the keysfor operative connection therewith. a

33. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a frame, of a rearwardly-opening, crescent-shaped series of type-bars hav-' ing a common printing-point, a keyboard, and a series of operating rock-shafts having direct connection with the type-bars and ex-' tended under the keyboard.

34. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a frame, and a rearwardly-opening, crescent-shaped series of type-bars having a common printing-point, of a keyboard in frontof the series of type-bars, andidivergently-related operating rock-shafts rigidly connected to the type-bars and extended under the keyboard.

35. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a frame, of a rearwardly-opening, crescent-shaped series of type-bars having a common pi'intingpoint, a keyboard located in front of the type-bars, and operating rock-shafts directly connected to the type-bars and disposed tangentially to the type-bar crescent, said operating rock-shafts being extended under the keyboard.

36. In a type-writing machine, the combi nation with a frame, of a rearwardly-opening, crescent-shaped series of type-bars having a common printing-point, a keyboard located in front of the type-bars, and operating rock-shafts directly connected to the type-bars and extended under the keyboard, said rock-shafts being divided into separate an gularly-related groups.

37. In a type-Writing machine, the combination with a frame, of a rearwardly-opening, crescent-shaped series of type-bars having a common printing-point, a keyboard located in front of the type-bars, operating rock-shafts directly connected to the typebars and extended under the keyboard, the type-bars being divided into separate groups, the bars of one group being disposed in an gular relation to the bars of the other group.

38. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a frame, of a rearwardly-opening, crescent-shaped series of type-bars having a common printing-point, a keyboard in front of said type-bars, and a series of operating rock-shafts directly connected to the type-bars and extended under the keyboard, said type-bars being divided into separate groups, the bars of one group being angularly related normally to the bars of the other group, and said operating rock-shafts being divided into separate angularly-related groups.

39. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a frame, of a rearwardly-opening, crescent-shaped series of type-bars having a common printing-point, a keyboard disposed in front of the type-bars, and operating rock-shafts directly connected to the type-bars and extended under the keyboard, said rockshafts being arranged in separate groups disposed in different planes.

40. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a frame, of a rearwardly-opening, crescent-shaped series of type-bars having a common printing-point, a keyboard disposed in front of the type-bars, operating rock-shafts directly connected to the typebars and-extended under the keyboard, said rock-shafts being arranged in separate angularly-related groups disposed in different planes.

41. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a frame, of a rearwardly-opening, crescent-shaped series of type-bars having a common printingpoint, a keyboard disposed in front of the type-bars, and operating rock-shafts directly connected to the typebars and extended under the keyboard, the rear ends of adjacent shafts being disposed in different planes. I

42. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a frame, of a rearwardly-opening, crescent-shaped series of type-bars having a common printing-point, a keyboard located in front of the type-bars, and operating rockshafts directly connected to the type-bars and extended under the keyboard,said rock-shafts being divided into separate groups located in different planes, and the alternate type-bars only of each group being located in the same plane.

43. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a frame, of an operating rockshaft, a key-stem connected to the rock-shaft at one side of its axis, and a type-bar directly connected to said shaftand disposedin oblique relation thereto.

44. Ina type-writing machine, the combination with a frame, of an operating rockshaft, an arm extending laterally from the shaft, a key-stem having direct connection with said arm, and a type-bar directly connected to the rock-shaft and disposed in angular relation thereto.

45. In a type-Writing machine, the combination with a frame, and a rearwardly-opening, crescent-shaped group or series of typebars having a common printing-point, of a series of vertically-disposed key-stems located in front of the type-bars, and operating rockshafts provided with arms directly connected with said key-stems, said rockshafts being rigidly connected to the typebars.

46. In a type-writing machine, a support for the type-action having a type-basket opening, the swinging type-bars provided With operating rock-shafts rigid therewith, a bearingsupport about the type-basket opening for the shaft ends contiguous to the type-bars, separate bearings for the end portions of the shafts remote from the type-basket opening, and the keys having their stems connected directly to a fixed part of said shafts contiguous to the last-mentioned bearings.

47. In a type-writing machine, the combination ofa common crescent bearing element, and a crescent-shaped series of type-bars having operating rock-shafts rigid therewith and mounted in the bearing element, certain of said shafts extending from one side of said element, and in divergent relation to certain others extendingfrom the opposite side thereof.

48. In a type-Writing machine, the combination of acoinmon crescentbearing element, and type-bars having operating rock-shafts rigid therewith and mounted in said bearing element, certain of said shafts extending from opposite sides of the bearing element and arranged in crossing relation.

49. In a type-writing machine, the platen and movable carriage, a common crescent bearing element carried by the carriage, typegential relation thereto.

51. In a type-Writing machine, a crescent bearing element, .and type-bars having operating rock-shafts rigid therewith and all extending from the crescent bearing element toward the front of the machine at a uniform tangent.

52. In a type-writing machine, a support for the type-action having a type-basket opening,

a crescent-shaped series of type-bars grouped within the type-basket opening and provided with operating rock-shafts rigid therewith, a

' common bearing element for all of the rockshafts contiguous to the type-bars, and individual bearings for said shafts remote from the common bearing element.

53. Inatype-writing machine, asupportfor the type-action havingacrescent-shaped typebasket opening, a plurality of type-bars having operating rock-shafts rigid therewith, a common crescent-shaped bearing element bounding said opening and receiving all of the operating-shafts contiguous to the typebars, and bearings for the operating rockshaftsremote from the common bearing element.

54. In a type-writing machine, asupport for the type-action having a crescent-shaped typebasket opening, a series of type-bars grouped withinthe opening and provided with rockshafts rigid therewith, a crescent-shaped common bearing element bounding said opening and constituting a bearing for the end portions of all of the shafts contiguous to the type-bars carried therewith, bearings for the shafts remote from the common bearing element, and keys having their stems connected with a fixed part of the rockshafts.

55. Inatype-Writing machine,asupportfor the type-action having a type-basket opening, a plurality of swinging type-bars grouped within said opening and having operating rock-shafts rigid .therewith, a common hearing element provided with a multiplicity of bearings and constituting a common bearingsupport for the ends of all of the shafts contiguous to the type-bars, and individual bearings for said shafts remote from the common bearing element.

56. In atype-writing 1n achine, a support for the type-action havinga crescent type-basket opening, a plurality of type-bars grouped within said opening and having operating rock-shafts rigid therewith, a single crescent bearing element bounding said opening and constituting a common bearing-support for the ends of the rock-shafts contiguous to the type-bars, and bearings for said shafts remote from the single bearing element.

57. Ina type-writing machine, a support for the type-action having a crescent type-basket opening, a series of swinging type-bars grouped within said opening and provided with operating rock-shafts rigid therewith, bearings for the rock-shafts about said opening, separate bearings for the rock-shafts romote from said opening, and keys havingtheir stems connected with a fixed part of the rockshafts.

58. In a type-writing machine, a support for the type-action, and a series of type-bars having operating rock-shafts arranged in crossing relation.

59. In a type-wri ting machine, a support for the type-action, a series of type-bars having operating rock-shafts rigid therewith, certain of said rock'shafts being arranged to cross in different planes.

60. In a type-writing machine, a support for the type-action, and a series of type-bars having operating rock-shafts rigid therewith, and arranged to cross at different elevations.

61. In a type-writi ng machine, a support for tho type-action, and a plurality of swinging typebars arranged in separate groups and provided with operating rock shafts rigid therewith, the operating-shafts for each group of type-bars extending from the latterin divergent relation, and certain of the shafts for the opposite groups of type-bars being arranged to cross each other at dilferent elevations.

62. In a type-writing machine, asupport for the type-action'having a type-basket opening, a plurality of swinging type bars grouped 'within the type-basket opening and provided with operating rock-shafts rigid therewith,

said type-bars being grouped in opposite banks with the operating shafts of each bank of type-bars extending from the latter in divergent relation, and reaching toward the transverse center of the su pport for the typeaction, certain of the operating-shafts for op posite banks of type-bars crossing each other at diiferent elevations.

63. In a type-writing machine, a support for the type-action having a type-basket opening, a plurality of type-bars grouped within'said opening, and provided with operating rock shafts rigid therewith,a single bearing element for the rock-shafts contiguous to the type-bar, said single bearing elementbeing provided with a plurality of rows of bearingopeningsto receive the rock-shafts, said rows of openings being disposed respectively in IIO difierent planes to permit of the crossing of the shafts.

64. In a type-writing machine, a support for the type-action having a type basket opening, a series of type-bars grouped within the opening and provided with operating rock-shafts rigid therewith, and bearings about the opening for the ends of the rock-shafts contiguous to the type-bars, said bearings being arranged in different planes to permit of the crossing of the rock-shafts at different elevations.

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