US6894996B2 - Apparatus and method for searching a base station in an asynchronous mobile communications system - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for searching a base station in an asynchronous mobile communications system Download PDF

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US6894996B2
US6894996B2 US09/886,303 US88630301A US6894996B2 US 6894996 B2 US6894996 B2 US 6894996B2 US 88630301 A US88630301 A US 88630301A US 6894996 B2 US6894996 B2 US 6894996B2
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energy
search
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US20020044538A1 (en
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Won-Ho Lee
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Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
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Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L7/00—Arrangements for synchronising receiver with transmitter
    • H04L7/04—Speed or phase control by synchronisation signals
    • H04L7/10—Arrangements for initial synchronisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J11/00—Orthogonal multiplex systems, e.g. using WALSH codes
    • H04J11/0069—Cell search, i.e. determining cell identity [cell-ID]
    • H04J11/0076—Acquisition of secondary synchronisation channel, e.g. detection of cell-ID group

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  • the present invention relates generally to a mobile communications system, and in particular, to an apparatus and method for performing a base station search in an asynchronous mobile communications system.
  • the future mobile communications system can be divided into a synchronous mobile communications system led by the United States and an asynchronous mobile communications system led by the European Community.
  • the European asynchronous mobile communications system is commonly referred to as a “Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)”.
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • the asynchronous UMTS system must perform a base station (or cell) search operation to acquire synchronization with a specific base station through given synchronization (sync) channels.
  • the two sync channels used for a base station search in the UMTS system are included in a downlink physical channel (DPCH).
  • One channel is a primary sync channel (P-SCH) and the other is a secondary sync channel (S-SCH).
  • P-SCH primary sync channel
  • S-SCH secondary sync channel
  • the SPEC in connection with the UMTS sync channel can be found in ETSI TS 25,211 TS 25,213 Release 99.
  • a mobile station of the UMTS system acquires slot timing synchronization using the P-SCH.
  • a mobile station of the UMTS system the performs P-SCH search prior to the S-SCH search.
  • frame timing synchronization Fsync
  • Fsync frame timing synchronization
  • PSCG PSCG
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a conventional apparatus for performing S-SCH search.
  • the apparatus includes an S-SCH RSSI (Secondary Synchronization Channel Received Signal Strength Indicator) calculator 100 , an S-SCH energy matrix update part 102 , and an S-SCH searcher 104 .
  • S-SCH RSSI Secondary Synchronization Channel Received Signal Strength Indicator
  • one frame has a period of 10 ms and includes 15 slots (SLOT# 0 -SLOT# 14 ).
  • Each base station is assigned one of 512 primary scrambling codes, and the mobile station must first determine the PSCG in order to find out the unique primary scrambling codes used by the respective base stations.
  • a PSCG includes the primary scrambling codes #0-#7
  • a 2 nd PSCG includes the primary scrambling codes #8-#15, . . .
  • a 64 th PSCG includes the primary scrambling codes #504-#511.
  • the 16 energy values E m,k calculated by the S-SCH RSSI calculator 100 at every slot, are provided to the S-SCH energy matrix update part 102 , which updates a 15 ⁇ 16 matrix S, shown below, using the energy values E m,k .
  • S (i,j) indicates an element in an i th row and a j th column.
  • the matrix S will be defined as an S-SCH energy matrix.
  • the S-SCH energy matrix constantly updated by the S-SCH energy matrix update part 102 is provided to the S-SCH searcher 104 when a search start command Start_SEARCH (which is transitioning from ‘0’ to ‘1’) is applied to the S-SCH searcher 104 at predetermined time intervals.
  • Start_SEARCH which is transitioning from ‘0’ to ‘1’
  • the S-SCH searcher 104 acquires Fsync and determines a primary scrambling code group number PSCG_No by performing the S-SCH search using the S-SCH energy matrix constantly updated by the S-SCH energy matrix update part 102 , an SSC table for the S-SCH, illustrated in FIGS. 4A to 4 C, and Equation (2) given below. A detailed description will be made below regarding how to acquire the Fsync and determine the PSCG_No.
  • the number of hypotheses searched to acquire the Fsync and determine the PSCG i.e., the number of hypotheses to be energy-calculated
  • 960 64 ⁇ 15
  • the S-SCH searcher 104 can acquire Fsync and determine a PSCG of the base station by searching the hypothesis having the maximum energy out of the 960 hypotheses, using Equation (2).
  • the conventional apparatus has the following disadvantages:
  • an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and method for increasing a search speed of an S-SCH in a base station search process in an asynchronous mobile communications system.
  • a method for searching a base station in a mobile communications system in which a mobile station acquires slot timing synchronization from a first signal on a P-SCH out of the P-SCH and a S-SCH used for the base station search, acquires Fsync from a second signal on the S-SCH, and determines a PSCG corresponding to the scrambling codes used by the respective base stations.
  • the method comprises the following steps: (1) calculating and accumulating P-SCH RSSI values withy first and second accumulation thresholds and providing the first and second search commands; (2) calculating S-SCH received signal strength indicator (RSSI) values from the second signal at every slot in one frame, and updating RSSI values corresponding to the one frame as energy matrix values; (3) calculating energy hypotheses corresponding to the energy matrix values using the energy matrix values and a predetermined SSC table in response to a first search command, and determining energy hypotheses having a higher value than a predetermined threshold as passed hypotheses; and (4) calculating energy values for the passed hypotheses using the determined passed hypotheses and the SSC table in response to a second search command, and determining an energy hypothesis having a maximum energy as the Fsync and the PSCG.
  • RSSI received signal strength indicator
  • an apparatus for searching a base station in a mobile communications system in which a mobile station acquires slot timing synchronization from a first signal on a P-SCH out of the P-SCH and a S-SCH used for the base station search, acquires Fsync from a second signal on the S-SCH, and determines a PSCG corresponding to the primary scrambling codes used by the respective base stations.
  • the apparatus utilizes the following components: (1) a search command provider for calculating and accumulating P-SCH RSSI values from the first signal at every slot, comparing the accumulated P-SCH RSSI values with first and second accumulation thresholds, and providing first and second search commands; (2) a secondary sync channel signal energy calculating and updating part for calculating S-SCH RSSI values from the second signal at every slot, and updating S-SCH RSSI values corresponding to the one frame, as energy matrix values; and (3) a S-SCH searcher for performing a first search process of calculating energy hypotheses corresponding to the energy matrix values using the energy matrix values and a predetermined SSC table in response to the first search command and determining energy hypotheses having a value higher than a predetermined threshold as passed hypotheses, and a second search process of calculating energy values for the passed hypotheses using the determined passed hypotheses and the SSC table in response to the second search command and determining an energy hypothesis having a maximum energy as the Fsync and the PSCG.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a sync channel in the UMTS system
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a conventional apparatus for searching a secondary sync channel (S-SCH);
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus for searching an S-SCH according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 4A to 4 C are diagrams illustrating an SSC (Secondary Sync Code) table for an S-SCH.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus for searching an S-SCH according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus for searching a secondary sync channel (S-SCH) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the apparatus includes a P-SCH RSSI (Primary Sync Channel Received Signal Strength Indicator) calculator 200 , a P-SCH RSSI accumulator 202 , a comparator 204 , an S-SCH RSSI calculator 206 , an S-SCH energy matrix update part 208 , and a 2-stage S-SCH searcher 210 .
  • P-SCH RSSI Primary Sync Channel Received Signal Strength Indicator
  • the apparatus of the present invention performs the S-SCH search in two steps; and (2) the start point of the S-SCH search is determined by using the accumulated P-SCH RSSI value.
  • the 2-stage S-SCH searcher 210 of FIG. 3 sequentially performs a first search process and a second search process.
  • a brief description of the first and second search processes will be made hereinbelow.
  • the 2-stage S-SCH searcher 210 selects, of a total of the 960 hypothesis searched, only the hypotheses having an energy level greater than a predetermined threshold FIRST_SEARCH_THRESHOLD. Rather than selecting the hypotheses having the maximum energy out of the 960 hypotheses, using a received signal observed for a short time period, the 2-stage S-SCH searcher 210 selects the hypotheses having the highest probability of having the maximum energy in the.
  • the 2-stage S-SCH searcher 210 determines the hypothesis having the maximum energy out of the hypotheses selected in the first search process, and then determines a Fsync and a PSCG according to the determined hypothesis.
  • the 2-stage S-SCH searcher 210 performs a fine search using the received signal observed for a relatively longer time period than the observation time period used in the first search process, and thereafter, determines the Fsync and the PSCG.
  • the second search process has a longer search time per hypothesis, but has a fewer number of hypotheses to search. As a result, the total S-SCH search time is much shorter than that of the prior art.
  • the apparatus includes the P-SCH RSSI calculator 200 , the P-SCH RSSI accumulator 202 , and the comparator 204 in addition to the S-SCH RSSI calculator 206 and the S-SCH energy matrix update part 208 , which have the same operation as the S-SCH RSSI calculator 100 and the S-SCH energy matrix update part 102 illustrated in FIG. 2 .
  • the P-SCH RSSI calculator 200 determines the start points of the first and second search processes.
  • a key factor used in this invention in determining the start points of the search process is that an RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) of the S-SCH channel is equal to that of the P-SCH channel when both slot and frame timing synchronization are acquired.
  • the embodiment measures and accumulates the RSSI of the P-SCH and starts the first and second search processes when the accumulated RSSI value exceeds predetermined thresholds TH 1 and TH 2 given as system parameters, respectively.
  • the P-SCH RSSI calculator 200 measures a received signal strength indicator P-SCH_RSSI of the P-SCH at every slot.
  • the measured P-SCH_RSSI is provided to the P-SCH RSSI accumulator 202 , which accumulates the provided P-SCH_RSSI and provides the accumulated P-SCH_RSSI to the comparator 204 at every slot.
  • the S-SCH RSSI calculator 206 and the S-SCH energy matrix update part 208 illustrated in FIG. 3 have the same operation as the S-SCH RSSI calculator 100 and the S-SCH energy matrix update part 102 illustrated FIG. 2 .
  • the S-SCH energy matrix constantly updated by the S-SCH energy matrix update part 208 is provided to the 2-stage S-SCH searcher 210 .
  • the 2-stage S-SCH searcher 210 acquires Fsync and determines a PSCG_No by performing the 2-step search on the 960 hypotheses, using the S-SCH energy matrix updated by the S-SCH energy matrix update part 208 , an SSC table for the S-SCH, illustrated in FIGS. 4A to 4 C, and Equation (2) given above.
  • the 2-stage S-SCH searcher 210 searches the hypotheses in the first and second search processes stated above. A detailed description of the first and second search processes will made below.
  • the 2-stage S-SCH searcher 210 Upon receipt of the first search enable signal FIRST_SEARCH_EN (which is transitioning from ‘0’ to ‘1’ ) from the comparator 204 , the 2-stage S-SCH searcher 210 calculates S-SCH energies for the 960 hypotheses using the S-SCH energy matrix updated by the S-SCH energy matrix update part 208 and the SSC table illustrated in FIGS. 4A to 4 C. Thereafter, the 2-stage S-SCH searcher 210 stores, out of the 960 hypotheses, the hypotheses having the S-SCH energy value higher than the predetermined threshold FIRST_SEARCH_THRESHOLD in a hypothesis memory set for storing the hypotheses passed the first search process. The above operation is the first search operation performed by the 2-stage S-SCH searcher 210 .
  • the 2-stage S-SCH searcher 210 Upon receipt of the second search enable signal SECOND_SEARCH_EN (which is transitioning from ‘0’ to ‘1’) from the comparator 204 after completion of the first search process, the 2-stage S-SCH searcher 210 calculates S-SCH energies for the hypotheses stored in the hypothesis memory set, using the S-SCH energy matrix updated by the S-SCH energy matrix update part 208 and the SSC table illustrated in FIGS. 4A to 4 C. Thereafter, the 2-stage S-SCH searcher 210 determines the hypothesis having the maximum S-SCH energy as the Fsync and the PSCG. The above operation is the second search operation performed by the 2-stage S-SCH searcher 210 .
  • the start points of the first and second searches and the threshold FIRST_SEARCH_THRESHOLD for the first search must be properly set. For example, when the observation time of the received signal is too short or the threshold FIRST_SEARCH_THRESHOLD is improperly set in the first search process, the following problems (A and B) may occur:
  • Equation (2) the S-SCH energy values calculated by Equation (2) are all random variables and have the following two distributions:
  • a description of an operation of determining the thresholds TH 1 , TH 2 and FIRST_SEARCH_THRESHOLD can also be given according to the two search processes.
  • a step of determining the threshold FIRST_SEARCH_THRESHOLD in the first search process it is preferable to first determine the detection probability, and then determine the thresholds TH 1 and FIRST_SEARCH_THRESHOLD satisfying the determined detection probability.
  • the detection probability is set to a specific value
  • the threshold FIRST_SEARCH_THRESHOLD is varied depending on the threshold TH 1 . If the TH 1 is set to a high level to defer the start point of the first search, a mean of the non-central chi-square probability random variables increases, thus making it possible to increase the FIRST_SEARCH_THRESHOLD satisfying the detection probability.
  • the increase in the FIRST_SEARCH_THRESHOLD is advantageous in that it decreases the false alarm probability in the first search and reduces the search time of the second search, but disadvantageous in that it defers the search start point of the first search. Conversely, if the TH 1 is set to a low level, the start point of the first search advances, so that the FIRST_SEARCH_THRESHOLD satisfying the detection probability decreases.
  • the decrease in the FIRST_SEARCH_THRESHOLD is advantageous in that the start point of the first search is advanced, but is disadvantageous in that the second search has a long search time. As stated above, since the start point of the first search and the search time of the second search are varied depending on the TH 1 and the FIRST_SEARCH_THRESHOLD, the thresholds should be determined considering a trade-off between them.
  • the start point of the second search is varies depending on the TH 2 and the SNR of the channel. As the SNR decreases and the TH 2 increases, the start point of the second search is deferred more and more. In order to advance the start point of the second search, it is preferable to decrease the TH 2 . However, in order to decrease the false alarm probability and increase the detection probability in the second search process, it is necessary to increase the TH 2 . Therefore, when determining the TH 2 , the false alarm probability and the detection probability should be considered together with the search time in designing the system.
  • the present invention has the following advantages.
  • the total S-SCH search time is reduced, since the first search process is performed before the observation time of the received signal needed to detect the maximum energy hypothesis. Thereafter, only the hypotheses passed by the first search process are searched in the second search process for detecting the final maximum energy hypothesis.
  • the start points of the first and second search processes are automatically controlled according to the SNR of the channel, because the first and second search processes are performed at the points where the accumulated RSSI of the P-SCH exceeds the TH 1 and TH 2 respectively.
  • the SNR is high, the search is performed without unnecessarily waiting a long time, thus decreasing the search time. Otherwise, when the SNR is low, the received signal is observed for a longer time, making it possible to decrease the false alarm probability and increase the detection probability in the search process.
  • the second feature according to an embodiment of the present invention that is, the start point of the S-SCH search being determined by using the accumulated P-SCH RSSI value can be applicable to the conventional search as well as the 2-stage S-SCH search of the present invention.
  • the P-SCH RSSI calculator 500 and the P-SCH RSSI accumulator 502 illustrated in FIG. 5 have the same operation as the P-SCH RSSI calculator 200 and the P-SCH RSSI accumulator 202 illustrated in FIG. 3 .
  • the S-SCH RSSI calculator 506 and the S-SCH energy matrix update part 508 illustrated in FIG. 5 have the same operation as the S-SCH RSSI calculator 100 and the S-SCH energy matrix update part 102 illustrated in FIG. 2 .
  • the only difference in operation between the S-SCH searcher 510 illustrated in FIG. 5 and the S-SCH searcher 104 illustrated in FIG. 2 is that the S-SCH searcher 104 starts the S-SCH search for a predetermined time period, however, the S-SCH searcher 510 starts the S-SCH search when the search enable signal SEARCH_EN is applied from the comparator 504 .

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CN1344117B (zh) 2010-06-16
US20020044538A1 (en) 2002-04-18
JP2002112319A (ja) 2002-04-12
DE60131054D1 (de) 2007-12-06
EP1187369B1 (de) 2007-10-24
KR20020020546A (ko) 2002-03-15
DE60131054T2 (de) 2008-02-07
CN1344117A (zh) 2002-04-10

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