US686486A - Type-writing machine. - Google Patents

Description

No. 686,486. "Patented Nov. 12, l90l.

B. C. STICKNEY. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

(Appliation filed Nov. 13, 1900.)

5 Sheets-Sheet I.

(No Model.)

WITNESSES No. 686,486. Patented Nov. I2, mm.

B. C. STICKNEY. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

, (Application filed Nov. 13, 1900.) (No Model.)

5 SI1eatsSheeI 3.

WI TNESSES .wfz/gw @222 a N, u. c. we NORRIS virus 00.. PHDTO-LXTMO. wuulN TO Patent'ed Nov. I2, 1901.

B. C. STICKNEY. TYPE vWRITING MACHINE.

.(Application filed N'ov. 1a. 1900.

5 Sheets$heet 4.

(No Model.)

WITNESSES .c. m: norms PETERS 50., PHOTO-L|THD-, WASHINGTON. n

Patented Nov. l2, l90l.

B. c. STIC KNEY; TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

I (Application filed Nov. 13, 1900.) i (No Model.)- 5 Sheets-Sheel 5.

INVENTEIR 04% 4% fim /az i WITNEEEES NI'TED STATES I PATENT OFFICE.

BURNHAM O. STICKNEY, OF ELIZABETH, NEYV JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO THE UNION TYPEWRITER COMPANY, OF JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY, A COR- lORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

TYPE-WRITING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 686,486, dated November 12, 1901.

Application filed November 13, 1900. Serial No. 86,324. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, BURNHAM O. STICKNEY, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Elizabeth, county of Union, and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Type-Writing Machines, of which the'following is aspecification.

This application relates to the type-actions [O of writing-machines. The speed with which a type-bar returns from the platen to normal position is usually so great that upon striking its rest or basket the type-bar rebounds, and hence is liable to collide with the next-open ated type-bar. This liability is present especially in visible-writing or front-strike machines, in which owing to lack of room it is the practice to place the type-bars in such close arrangement that adjoiningtypes nearly touch and hence frequently collide when high speed of operation is attempted. One of the main objects of my invention is to prevent this rebounding of the types from the basket.

Another object of the invention is to cushion the key-touch by means of a novel construction, the cushioning eifect being produced at both the beginning and the end of the key-stroke and the construction being also such that the type is caused to deliver a powerful blow upon the platen. At the same time I provide for the rapid recession'of the typefrom the vicinity of the printing-point, so as to leave a clear path for the type next operated. Other objects will more fully hereinafter appear.

My invention consists in certain combinations of devices, features of-construction, and arrangements of parts,all as will be more fully hereinafter set forth, and particularly pointed 40 out in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l'is a central longitudinal vertical section of a front-strike writing-machine embodying my present improvements. Fig. 2 is ahorizontal section or plan taken at about the line X X of Fig. 1. Fig. Sis a front sectional elevation taken at about the line Y Y of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a skeleton view showing the extreme 1eft-hand type-bar in printing position and its connected parts in corresponding positions. Fig. 5 is a skeleton elevation of the type-action shown at Fig. 1, the finger-key being shown midway of its stroke.

V r In the several views certain parts are omit ted and others broken away, so as to clearly exhibit the invention, and similar parts are designated by similar numerals of reference. The base, of the usual pattern, is designated as l and supports corner-posts 2, upon which is secured a top plate 3, having a forward opening at 4: for the passage of the type-bars. The latter (designated as 5) are disposed radially in a curve about a common printingcenter, the forward ends of the bars being provided with types and the rear ends being pivoted upon a curved fulcrum-wire 6, which is seated in a curved slot 7, provided in a segment 8, the latter being provided with radial slots 9 for the reception of the hubs of the type-bars and being secured by screws 10 to lugs 11, depending from the top plate 3. Near their free ends the bars'5 are bent to enable the types to stand vertically when at the printing-center, Fig. 3, and the slots 9 in the segment preferably radiate to this bendingpoint, which is indicated at 12. The forward portions of these horizontally-arranged bars or levers normally rest upon a pad or basket 13, which may be supported upon a standard 14, rising from across-bar 15, cast integrally with the base.

Upon each type-bar hub is cut or provided a set of gear-teeth 16, which mesh with internal gear-teeth 17, provided upon the upper portion of an upright operating-lever 18 of the first order,'the latter being detachably pivoted between its ends upon a curved fulcrum-Wire 19. The lever 18 works in a vertical plane and extends from its pivot upwardly a substantially horizontal direction, the teeth 17 being formed upon the forwardly-extending portion or arm, which is designated as 20. Aswill be seen at Fig. 3, the-body portions of the levers 18 are substantially parallel and 5 vertical, while each tooth-bearing projection 20 is arranged in substantial parallelism with its type-bar and so that it may play freelyin the slot 9, in which the type bar hub is confined.

in rear of the type-bar and then forwardly in In order to secure said parallelism, 10o

the levers 18 are bent inwardly above their pivots and preferably near their tips, as at 21, Figs. 3 and 4. Said levers are confined in vertical slots 22, cut in the forward side of a transversely-extending segment 23 of large radius, each of whose ends is provided with a leg 24, which is fastened by a screw 25 upon the top of a side wall of the base. The fulcrum-wire 19 is seated in a curved slot 20, formed in said segment, and each lever 18 is provided with a suitable downwardly and rearwardly extending slot or opening 26, whereby it may be readily removed from or placed upon the wire and may swing freely thereon. The arm or portion of the lever 18 which extends below the fulcrum is designated as 27. These arms are parallel and terminate in substantially the same horizontal plane, while the upper ends of the levers 18 terminate ina curve concentric with the typebar segment. The levers are hence of different or assorted lengths, and the fulcrum-wire 19 is curved accordingly, so as to secure a substantially uniform leverage or purchase of the lower ends of all the levers upon the type-bars.

Each lever-arm 27 is connected by a forwardly-extending horizontal link or pull-rod 28 to an car 29, which extends upwardly from a detachable horizontal key-lever 30 of the second order, which bears a key 31 at its forward end and is notched at its rear end to fork an overlying horizontal transverse fulcrum rod or bar 32, which is mounted at 33 in the side walls of the base. It will be noted that the links are arranged substantially at right angles to the type-operating arms or levers 27 and substantially parallel with the key-levers, the latter being arranged below the type-bars and the sublevers 18 and preferably extending in parallelism forwardly from the fulcrum-rod 32 to a line just forward of the cars 29, whence they fan out to the keyboard, Fig. 2. It will be understood that the movement of the key-levers is vertical, and hence that they move in parallel planes and angularly to the planes of vibration of the type-bars 5.

A diagonal draw-spring 34 holds up the key-leveratits rear end against the fulcrumrod 32 and at its forward end against a rest 35, the latter being supported by one or more hangers 36, which depend from the cross-bar 15. Said spring extends upwardly and forwardly from the key-lever and hooks into the arm 27 at a point below the fulcrum 19 of the latter, whereby said arm is held down securely upon the fulcrum.

A universal bar 37, extending transversely beneath the'key-levers, is connected by links 38 to arms 39, which extend forwardly from a horizontal transverse rock-shaft 40, upon which is mounted an upright arm 41, having at its upper end both a detent-dog 42 and a pivoted dog 43. Normally in engagement with the latter is a rack 44, secured upon a carriage 45, the latter sliding upon suitable rails 46. A platen 47 may be supported in any desired manner upon the carriage and should be made vertically shiftable, as indicated by dotted lines at Fig. 1, so that either the lower-case or capital types upon the typebars may print.

In operation the finger-key 31 is depressed, swinging the key-lever 3O downwardly about the fulcrum 32. The forward end of the link 28 is swung down by the key-lever to a diagonal position, drawing the arm 27 forward and vibrating the entire lever 18 upon the fulcrum 19, whereby through the described gearing 1'6 17 the type-bar is swung up to the printing-point. carried down by the key-lever 30, and through the links 38 and arms 39 the dog-rocker is swung forwardly, so that the detent 42 becomes engaged with the rack. Upon release of the key the spring 34, which was distended during the downward movement of the lever, draws the latter upwardly and the arm 27 rearwardly, whereby the type-action is restored to normal position, its return movement being assisted by a spring 48, which is usually provided for returning thedog-rocker to normal position. The return movement of the dog-rocker permits the advance movement of the paper-carriage one step in the usual manner under the tension of the usual propelling-spring 49, connected by a strap 50 to the carriage.

It will be observed that the pivotal points of attachment of the link to the upper end of the key-lever ear 29 and the lower end of the arm 27 (said points being designated as 51 and 52, respectively,) stand substantially in line with the key-lever fulcrum 32. It will also be understood that the initial movement of the point 52 about the axis 19, which is vertically over said point, must be in a substantially horizontal direction-that is, in a direction lengthwise of the key-lever 30. From these features of construction it will be perceived that when the parts are in normal position the key-lever cannot be moved at all by the sublever 18, since any attempt to swing the latter upon its pivot would only cause the key-lever to press in the direction of its length against the fulcrum-rod 32, but would have no tendency to swing the key-lever about said rod. In other words, the arrangement is such that these parts are normally at deadcenter, and hence movement cannot be communicated from either the type-bar 5 or the sublever 18 to the key-lever 30. Thus the key-lever and the link cooperate to form a positive lock for detaining both the sublever and the type-bar in normal position, so that when the type-bar upon its downward movement strikes the basket it cannot rebound therefrom, and hence liability of collision with a subsequently-operated type-bar is prevented.

It will be seen that this improvement enables type-bar machines, especially those of the visible-writing patterns, in which the The universal bar 37 is also I IIO types are closely set, to be operated at much higher speed than heretofore. It will be f u'rther understood that in its downward movement the point 51 upon the link at first travels in a path (determined by the pivot 32) which would nearly coincide with an are drawn from the point 52 as a center and through the said point 51. In other Words, the path in which the point 51 does travel diverges at first very gradually from the arc in which said point 51 would travel if the forward end-of the link were detached from the key-lever and swung downwardly about the stationary point 52. Owing to this slight divergence or difference between the path in which the link would swing if the sublever 18 were stationary and the path which it actually does take about the axis 32 only a slight forward movement of the arm 27 and upward movement of the type-bar 5 take place during the early part of the key-lever stroke. The type-bar is started very gradually, and hence the jar commonly experienced ingiving a type-key a sharp blow is avoided, or, in other Words, a cushioning effect is given to the key-touch. At Fig. 5 is shown the position of the parts when the key is half-way down. It will be seen that the type-bar has been putrin motion so gradually that it has traveled only about one-fourth of the distance from the basket to the platen.

Owing to the constantly-decreasing leverage or purchase of the key-lever 30 upon the sublever 18, which is due to the constantlychanging direction in which the pull is exerted through the link 28 as it'swings rapidly downward about its point of connection with the lower portion 27 of said sublever, the speed of the type-bar increases throughout its stroke, the last three-fourths of which are completed during the last half of the keystroke. Because of this constantly-decreasing leverage and constantly-increasing typebar speed the resistance of the key to the finger of the operator constantly increases, so that the momentum of the operators hand is substantially absorbed before the key is arrested by contact of the type with the platen, and hence a shock is not felt by the operator when the type prints, as in some machines. Thus the key-stroke is cushioned both at its beginning and termination and at the same time the very rapid movement of the type at the completion of the stroke insures the delivery of a powerful blow upon the paper.

It will be further perceived that during the first half of the return stroke of the key the type completes three -fourths of its return movement, so'that the movement of the type away from the printing-point is very rapid, which is a feature of importance, since the liablity of the types colliding near the printing-point is practically eliminated.

It will be observed that the links extend lengthwise of the key-levers 30 and that the movement of the forward end of a link is in a direction crosswise of the movement of the rear end thereof. crosswise (preferably at right angles) to the direction in which the type-operating levers 27 extend, and the link in each case exerts a diagonal pull during the descent of the keylever and a diagonal thrust during the return stroke, owing to the operation of the springs 34 and 48. Thus a vertical movement of the key-lever causes a horizontal movement of said lever 27.

As will be understood by reference to Fig. 4, the spring 34 renders material aid in starting the type-bar back to normal position, owing to the engagement of the upper end of said spring with the arm 27. At this moment the leverage of the key-lever upon the type bar is least, and hence it is desirable to provide spring-power for returning the type-bar which shall be in addition to or which shall operate independently of the power which returns the key--lever. Of course, if desired, separate springs could be used for the keylever and the sublever to accomplish the same object; but I prefer to use a single spring for both purposes, as illustrated, on account of its simplicity and cheapness.

It is the practice to prevent rebounding of the type-bars by spring-pressure; but so much 'power is required for this purpose as to cause 'great resistance to the touch upon the fingerkeys, which of course must overcome the pressure that holds the type-bars in place in the basket. The herein-set-forth type-barlocking mechanism, however, enables the adoption of Very light returning-springs for the type actions, thereby materially improving the touch and lightening the fatigue of operation.

Within the scope of the invention many changes may be made in the details of construction and arrangement and my improvements may be applied as. well to top-strike and under-strike machines. It is not essential that the three points 51, 52, and 32 be exactly in line or that the link 28 be disposed exactly at right angles to the arm 27, as the relative positions may be varied somewhat Without sacrificing the type-bar-locking feature. If it is desired to make the stroke of any key deeper, the arm 27 may be lengthened and the ear 29 correspondingly shortened. Parts of the invention may be used without others.

Although I prefer to employ the links 28 for the twofold purpose of locking the type-bars and cushioning the key-strokes, still it will be perceived that in certain novel combinations,.as recited in the claims, said links may be adapted for the single purpose of locking The key levers extend the type-bars or,for the single purpose of I planes of vibration of the type-bars, connections extending from the key-levers to the type-bars and means for enabling the key-levers to lock the type-bars in normal position.

2. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of type-bars, a series of keylevers of the second order, and means connected to the key-levers for locking the typebars in normal position.

3. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination of a series of bars bearing types at their forward ends, a series of levers provided with keys and extending rearwardly beneath the type-bars and fulcrumed at their rear ends, and means controlled by said levers for lockin g the type-bars in normal position.

4. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of type-bars, a series of fingerkeys, and means, including a series of links between the keys and the type-bars, for looking the latter in normal position.

5. In atype-writing machine, the combination of a series of type-bars, a series of key-operated levers, and a series of intervening links which lock the type-bars in normal position.

6. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of type-bars, a series of levers provided with finger-keys,and a series of links pivoted to said levers and extending in the same general direction as said levers, said links being operatively connected to said typebars and cooperating With said levers to lock the type-bars in normal position.

7. In a front-strike type-writing machine, the combination of a series of pivoted bars having types at their forward ends, a series of key-levers arranged below the type-bars, a series of upwardly-extending sublevers pivoted between their ends and having at their upper ends gear-teeth in mesh with teeth provided upon the type-bar hubs, and means controlled by said key-levers for locking said sublevers and type-bars in normal position.

8. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of type-bars, a series of levers provided with finger-keys, a series of sublevers connected to said type-bars, and a series of links connecting said sublevers to said keylevers in such a manner as to look said sublevers and type-bars in normal position.

9. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of type-bars, a series of levers provided with finger-keys, a series of sublevers connected to said type-bars, and a series of links connecting said key-levers to said sublevers, said links extending in the general direction of the key-levers and substantially at right angles to the sublevers.

10. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a pivoted type-operatin g lever, a pivotally-attached link extending substantially at right angles therefrom, and a pivoted keyoperated lever to which the extended end of said link is pivotally attached, the construction and arrangement being such that the pivot of said key-lever and the points of attachment of said link lie substantially in line.

11. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of type-bars, a series of substantially horizontal levers provided with finger-keys, a series of substantially vertical sublevers operatively connected to said typebars, and a series of substantially horizontal links connecting said key-levers to said sublevers.

12. In a type-Writing machine, the combination of a series of pivoted type-operating levers, a series of pivotally-attached links extending substantially at right angles from said type-operatinglevers, and a series of keyoperated levers extending substantially parallel with said links and pivotally attached thereto.

13. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination of a series of type-bars, a series of key-levers, a series of upwardly-extending sublevers operatively connected to the typebars, and aseries of links connecting the keylevers to the sublevers and operating to look said sublevers and said type-bars in normal position.

14:. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of type-bars, a series of keylevers, a series of sublevers having gear-teeth in mesh with teeth provided upon the typebars, and a series of links connecting the keylevers to the sublevers and operating to lock the sublevers and type-bars in normal position.

15. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination of a series of pivoted bars having types at their forward ends, a series of key-levers below the type-bars, a series of upwardly-extending sublevers pivoted between their ends and having at their upper ends gear-teeth in mesh with teeth provided upon the type-bar hubs, and a series of links connecting said sublevers to said key-levers and operating to lock said sublevers and said ype-bars in normal position.

16. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination of a series of type-bars, a series of substantially horizontal key-levers, a series of upwardly-extending sublevers operatively connected to the type-bars, and a series of substantially horizontal links connecting the key-levers to the sublevers.

17. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination of a series of pivoted bars having types at their forward ends, a series of substantially horizontal levers below the typebars, a series of upwardly-extending sublevers pivoted between their ends and having at their upper ends gear-teeth in mesh with teeth provided upon the type-bar hubs, and a series of horizontal links connecting the lower ends of said sublevers to said key-levers.

18. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination of a series of type-bars, a series of substantially horizontal key-levers, a series of sublevers pivoted between their ends and extending upwardly in rear of the typebars and having forwardly-projecting portions which are provided with internal gearteeth which mesh with teeth provided upon the type-bar hubs, a series of forwardly-extending substantially horizontal links pivoted at their rear ends to said sublevers, and a series of upwardly-extending ears provided upon said key-levers and pivotally attached to the forward ends of said links.

19. Ina front-strike writing-machine, the combination of type-bars 5 having toothed hubs 16, key-levers 30 having ears 29 and pivoted at their rear ends, links 28 substantially parallel with levers 30, and sublevers 18 having toothed projections 20.

20. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a system of type-operating levers, a system of key-operated levers, and a system of links directly connecting the two systems of levers, said links extending lengthwise of the said key-operated levers, so that when the key-levers are operated the links are swung rapidly about their points of connection to said type-operating levers, and the construct-ionandarrangementbeing such that owing to said swinging movement of the links the leverage or purchase of the keys upon the type operating levers is substantially decreased during the strokes of the keys.

21. In a type*writing machine, the combi nation of a series of type-bars, a series of keyoperated levers, a series of sublevers, and a series of links directly connecting the keylevers to the sublevers, the construction and arrangement being such that said links are swung during the key-strokes so as to sub stantially decrease the leverage of the keys upon the type-bars.

22. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of type-bars, a series of substantially horizontal key-levers, a series of upwardly extending sublevers operatively connected to the type-bars, and means for connecting said sublevers to said key-levers in such a manner that the leverage of the keylevers upon the sublevers is substantially diminished during the key-strokes.

23. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of type-bars, a series'of substantially horizontal key-levers, a series of upwardly-extending sublevers, and a series of links directly connecting said key-levers to said sublevers in such a manner that the leverage of the key-levers upon the sublevers is substantially diminished during the keystrokes. A

24. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a set of type-operating levers, a set of key-operated levers, and a set of links directly connecting the two sets of lovers, the construction and arrangement being such that throughout thekey-stroke the movement of one end of the link is in a direction crosswise of the movement of the other end of the link, and the leverage of the key upon the type-bar constantlyand substantially decreases.

25. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a series of type-bars and a series of keys of means controlled by the keys for both locking the type-bars in normal position and constantly decreasing the leverage of the keys upon the type -bars during the keystrokes.

26. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of radially-arranged type bars,a series of key-levers constructed to move in substantially parallel planes and angularly to the planes of vibration of the type-bars, and connections extending from the key-levers to the type-bars and constructed to both look thelatterin normal position and decrease the leverage of the keys upon the types during the key-strokes.

2'7. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of type-bars, a series of key-operated levers, and a series of intervening links which both look the type-bars in normal position and decrease the leverage of the keys upon the type-bars during the keystrokes.

28. In a front-strike writing-machine, th combination of a' series of pivoted bars having types at their forward ends, a series of key-levers arranged below the type-bars, a series of upwardly-extending sublevers having at their upper ends gear-teeth in mesh with teeth provided upon the type-bar hubs, and means controlled by said key-levers for both locking said sublevers and type-bars in normal position and decreasing the leverage of the key-levers upon the sublevers and type-bars during the key-strokes.

29. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of type-bars, a series of levers provided with finger-keys, a series of sublevers connected to said type-bars, and a series of links connecting said sublevers to said key-levers in such a manner as both to look said sublevers and said type-bars in normal position and to decrease the leverage of said key-levers upon said sublevers and type-bars during the key-strokes.

30. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of type-bars, a series of keylevers, a series of sublevers having gearteeth in mesh with teeth provided upon the type-bars, and a series of links connecting the key-levers to the sublevers and operating both to lock the sublevers and type-bars in normal position and to decrease the leverage of the key-levers upon the sublevers and type-bars during the key-strokes.

31. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination of a series of pivoted bars having types at their forward ends, a series of key-levers below the type-bars, a series of upwardly extending sublevers pivoted between their ends and having at their upper ends gear-teeth in mesh with teeth provided upon the type-bar hubs, and a series of links connecting said sublevers to said key-levers and operating to lock said sublevers and said type-bars in normal position and also to decrease the leverage of the key-levers upon the sublevers and type-bars during the keystrokes.

32'. 'In a type-writing machine, the combination of a set of type-operating levers, a set of key-operated levers, and a series of links directly connecting the two sets of levers, said links extending lengthwise of said keyoperated levers and crosswise of said typeoperating levers in such a manner as to normallyloek the latter, and also in such a man-- ner that when the key-levers are operated the links are swung rapidly about their points of connection to said type-operating levers, the leverage of the key-levers upon the type-operating levers being substantially decreased the said links transmit movement from said key-levers to said type-operating arms at a decreasing leverage.

34. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of pivoted arms operatively connected to a series of types, a series of keylevers, means controlled by the key-levers for locking said type-operating arms in normal position, and returning-spring mechanism operating independently upon said key-levers and said type-operating arms.

35. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a set of type-operating levers, a set of key-operated levers, a series of links directly connecting the two sets of levers, said links extending substantially lengthwise of the said key-operated levers, so that when the key-levers are operated the links are swung rapidly about their points of connection to said type-operating levers, and the construction and arrangement being such that owing to said swinging movement of the links the leverage or purchase of the keys upon the typeoperating levers is substantially decreased during the strokes of the keys, and returning -spring mechanism acting independently upon each of said sets of levers.

36. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a series of type-bars and a series of keys of means for both. locking the typebars in normal position and decreasing the leverage of the keys upon the type-bars dur ing the key-strokes, and returning-spring mechanism acting independently upon the type-bars and the keys.

37. In a type-writing machine, the combination of type-bars 5, sublevers 18 connected thereto, links 28, key-levers 30, and springs 34 connecting said key-levers to said sublevers.

38. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination of a series of horizontal typebars, a series of horizontal key-levers arranged below the type-bars,-a series of upwardly-extendin g sublevers operatively connected at their upper ends to the type-bars, a series of horizontal links connecting the lower portions of said sublevers to said keylevers, and springs extending diagonally from said sublevers to said key-levers.

39. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination of type-bars 5 having teeth 16, sublevers 18 having toothed projections 20 and arms 27, links 28, key-levers 30 having cars 29, and diagonal springs 34 connecting said key-levers to said arms 27.

40. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of type-bars, a series of detachable key-levers, a series of detachable sublevers operatively connected to both said type-bars and said key-levers, and a series of returning-springs extending from said keylevers to said sublevers, said springs being so constructed and arranged as to hold both said key-levers and said sublevers upon their bearings.

41. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination of a series of type-bars, a series of key-levers extending beneath the type-bars and detachably connected to an overlying fulcrum-bar, a series of upwardly-extendin g sublevers connected at their upper ends to the type-bars and at their lower portions to the key-levers and detachably fulcrumed, and a series of returning-springs extending from said key-levers to said sublevers and constructed and arranged to hold both series of levers in engagement with their fnlcrums.

42. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination of type-bars 5, segment 8, fulcrum-wire 6, teeth 16, levers 18 having projections 20, teeth 17, segment 23, fulcrumwire 19 engaging slots 26 on said levers 18, links 28, key-levers 30, forking-rod 32, and springs 34 connecting levers 18 to levers 30.

43. In a front-strike type-writing machine, the combination of a series of substantially horizontal pivoted bars carrying types at their forward ends, a series of key-levers extending rearwardly beneath the type-bars, and a series of upwardly-extending sublevers pivoted directly beneath the type-bar pivots and connected at their lower ends by links to said key-levers and at their upper ends to said type-bars above the hubs of the latter.

44. In a front-strike type-Writing machine, the combination of a series of bars carrying types at their forward ends, a series of keylevers extending beneath the type-bars, and a series of upwardly-extending levers of assorted lengths pivoted at varying heights and connected by links to said key-levers.

45. In a front-strike type-writing machine, the combination of a series of type-bars, a se- IIO ries of key-levers extending beneath the typebars and fulcrumed at their rear ends, and a series of npwardl y-extendin g sublevers of assorted lengths pivoted between their ends at varying heights and connected by links to said key-levers.

46. Ina front-strike type-writing machine, the combination of a series of type-bars, a series of key-bearing levers extending beneath the type-bars and fulcrumed at their rear ends, and a series of upwardly-extendin g sublet'ers of the first order operatively connected at their upper ends to the type-bars and con nected at their lower ends by diagonally-acting substantially parallel links to said key levers, said key-levers being substantially parallel from their fulcruins forwardly to a line close to the points of connection of said links, and fanning out from thence to the keyboard, and said sublevers being substantially parallel below their fulcrums.

47. In a front-strike writing-machine, the combination of a series of type-bars, a series of key-levers, and a series of sublevers extending upwardly in rear of the type-bars and series of key-levers, and a series of sublevers extending upwardly in rear of the type-bars and having forwardly projecting portions which are bent at angles to the bodies of the sublevers and so as to play freely in said type- 7 bar slots, said forwardly-projecting portions being provided with teeth which mesh with teeth provided upon said type-bar hubs.

Signed at Elizabeth, in the'county of Union and State of New Jersey, this 12th day of November, A. D. 1900.

BURNHAM O. STIOKNEY. Witnesses:

' S. R. OGDEN,

JULIA Ross.

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