US686364A - Crushing-mill. - Google Patents

Description

Patented Nov. l2, |901.

T. L. & T. J. STURTEVANT.

CRUSHING MILL. (Appnmi med Apr. 29, 1899.) "(Nu'mdel.) 2 sneets-sheet l.

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No. 686,364. l Patented Nov. l2, |9ol. T. L. fs. T. J. sTunTEvANT.

CRUSHlNG MILL.

(Application filed Apr. 29, 1899.) w Modem 2 sheen-sheet 2.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE'.

THOMAS L. STURTEVANT, OF QINOY, AND THOMAS J. STURTEVANT, OF

NEWTON, MASSACHUSETTS. i

lCFlUSHING-MILL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 686,364, dated November 12, 1901.

' Application filed April 2 9, l 8 9 9.

Serial No. 'w71 5 ,O 2 6 LNG model.)

T0 all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that we, THOMAS L. STURTE- vANT,residing at Quincy,in the county of Norfolk, and THOMAS J. STURTEVANT, residing at Newton, lin the county of Middlesex, State of Massachusetts, citizens of the United States, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Crushing-Mills, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

Our invention relates to that class of crushing and pulverizing mills in which the material is disintegrated by meansofpivoted revolving beaters which serve as hammers to crush the material by percussive action.

In our improved mill we provide a grated hopper to which the material to be crushed is supplied and through the bars of which the revolving beaters or hammers extend, so as to crush the material in the hopper partly by striking the material against itself, and thus the material only gets into the case in which the revolving hammers or beaters are inclosed after it has been crushed to a nene'ss suflicient to permit it to pass between the bars of the grate. B y crushing the material in the hopper before it enters the case containing the revolving beaters or hammers the wear of the mill Will be very much less than in that class of machines in which the material is crushed by the beaters or hammers acting on the same within the case or against a breakerplate, as in our improved machine practically the only wear occurs with the swinging and revolving hammers or beaters. To compensate for wear of the hammers or beaters, as also to provide means whereby the output of the machine may be increased or diminished,

' with a corresponding variation in the power required to run the machine, we prefer to make the grate adjustable toward or from the shaft with which the revolving beaters are connected or to make the shaft, with its connected revolving hammers or beaters, adjustable relative to the grate or grated hopper, so that the beaters may be caused to extend more or less into the hopper through the bars of the grate. The relative adjustment of the grate and beater-carrying shaft may be effected by adjustment of the grate-bars alone or by adjusting both thev hopper and the grate-bars,

according to whether the grate-bars are so connected with the hopper as to be adjustable therewith or whether they are made adjustable independently of the hopper, or by adjusting-the case and grate toward and from the shaft, or by adjusting the shaft-bearings and shaft. Also to regulate the entrance of the material to the mill the hopperwillpreferably be provided with a swinging or sliding adjustable partition, so that more or less material can be fed to the machine through the bottom or mill-entrance of the hopper.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure lis a cross-section of a crushing and pulverizng mill embodying one form of our invention, and Fig. 2 is an elevation thereof. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section of the same, and Fig. 4 is a detail cross-section of the grate on line 4 4, Fig. l.

In the drawings, A denotes a suitable base provided with standards a, in which is journaled the driving hammer-carrying shaft B. Owing to the length of the shaft B and the strain to which it is subjected, the said shaft must have a considerable diameter throughout the greater portion of its length to give it sufiicient strength and stiiness; .but as it is desirable with a rapidly-revolving shaft to have as small bearing portions as possible we have reduced the ends of the said shaft so that the ends or bearing portions thereof are considerably less in diameter than the main portion of the said shaft, and the shoulders t at the portions of the shaft joining the larger and smaller parts thereof will serve to prevent endwise motion of the shaft in its bearings. The bearings of the shaft will prefssl erably be lined with Babbitt metal or similar as to be adapted to strike heavy blows as they revolve and also so that the parts of the said hammers or beaters which are subjected to the most wear will contain the most material.

A denotes the lower portion of the case inclosing the beater-carrying head and its beaters, and A2 denotes the upper portion of said case, said upper portion being preferably pivoted or hinged by a bolt a to the lower portion of said case, so that the said upper portion of the case may be turned back, if desired, for access to the hammers or beaters.

D denotes a hopper the two parts of which are preferably formed .integral with the up-v per and lower parts of the case A A2, or said hopper may be suitably secured to said case. The said hopper D has its upper portion formed, as shown in Fig. l, as an inclined chute, which will direct the mass of material to be crushed downwardly toward the grate-V material and the force of said blow is not wasted in merely stirring up and moving the mass of material in the said pocket D. In other words,the mass of materialin the pocket is held in a substantially fixed position because of the shape of said pocket D and gets the full force of the hammers, this resulting in crushing the material much more rapidly than where it is massed in front of the grates loosely and in such position that the blow of the hammers tends to throw it upwardly in the chute or hopper.

interposed between the hopper and the chamber of the case in which the pivoted revolving beaters or hammers c Work is a grate consisting of a series of bars e, so arranged that the revolving hammers or beaters may be caused to register with the spaces between the grate-bars, the latter being so placed that the said hammers or beaters may extend through the said grate-bars for a short distance into the space of the hopper, thus enabling the hammers or beaters to strike against the material in the hopper and by percussive action against the material to be crushed, as also by a projective action of some portions of the material against other portions thereof to disintegrate the material within the hopper. In order that the material may be reduced in the hopper by the mutual attrition of the lumps thereof due to the percussive action above referred to, it is of course necessary to confine the material more or less, so that the swinging hammers or beaters may have proper action thereupon or so as to oppose it to the percussive action of said beaters or hammers. In the form of hopper herein shown this confinement of the material, so that it will be properly subjected to the action of the revolving hammers or beaters or the ends thereof which project through the grate e into the hopper-space, is effected by the walls of the hopper and by the bottom thereof, on which latter the material temporarily rests while being reduced. It will vbe understood, however, that other forms or arrangements of hoppers might be employed in coperation with the pivoted revolving beaters and the grate, providing the hoppers are so constructed and arranged that the walls thereof will confine the material and properly hold it while being subjected to the action of the pivoted revolving beaters.

The crushed material only passes into thev chamber within the case inclosing the revolving beaters or hammers after it has been crushed sufficiently fine to permit it to sift through the bars of the grate or to be carried through between said'bars by the dragging action of the hammers or beaters. To enable the hammers or beaters to pass readily between the grate-bars into the hopper-space, the said grate-bars are preferably made tapering in cross-section, with their smallest sides inward toward the hammers or beaters, so that the latter, even if they become slightly bent, will be properly guided, so that they can readily pass into the iiaring spaces thus provided between said grate-bars.

It is desirable in order to compensate for wear of the hammers or beaters, as also to provide means whereby the output of the machine may be increased or diminished, with a corresponding variation in the power required to run the machine, that the grate-bars and beaters be adjustable the one relative to the other. \Ve have provided for this adjustment in the present instance by furnishing means for adjusting the case A A2 toward and from the beater-carrying shaft B and the beaters c and by so mounting the grate-bars in the said case that they will be movable therewith. To this end the grate-bars are provided at their ends with tenons e', adapted to enter recesses or grooves d2 a3, formed, respectively, in the portions A A2 of the case. This construction permit-s the grate-bars to be readily inserted in place when the upper part A2 of the case is thrown back on-its hingeand when the said n pper part or cover of the case is closed down to the position showninFig.1 the said grate-bars will be properly held in place. The adjust- IOO IIO

ment of the case relative to the shaft B and the beaters carried thereby is preferably effected by a threaded adjusting-bolt f, attached at its inner end to the lower part A of the case and provided with an adjusting-nut f', arranged in the slot or recess in the base A, so that by turning said nut the case may be adjusted on its sliding supports on the said base. To secure the said case in any desired position of adjustment, clamps a5, held down by suitable set screws or bolts as, are provided, said clamps engaging flanges a7 on the lower portion A' of the case. When the case is to be adj usted, the set-screws a6 will be loosened, as will be understood.

To regulate the feed of the material to the mill, the hopper D is preferably provided with an adjustable gate or partition g, which may be raised or lowered to per-mit the material to be fed more or less readily into that portion of the hopper-space into which the revolving hammers or beaters extend throughbetween the bars of the grate as the said hammers or beaters are revolved to crush the material. This adjustable gate or partition g in the form of the invention herein shown consists simply of a slide, the edges of which are guided in slots d in the sides of the hopper, and the said slide is retained in any desired position of adjustment by one or more clamping screws or bolts g.

From the foregoing it will be seen that we provide ourimproved crushing-mill with a grated hopper, in to the space of which the pivoted revolving hammers or beaters extend, so as to crush the material within the hopper and before it enters the chamber or oase containing the revolving beaters or hammers. From this it will be apparent that the grateV serves as a screen to regulate the entrance of the crushed material to the chamber within the case, as the material cannot enter said chamber until it has been broken to a size not exceeding the spaces between the grate-bars, and the material will be further disintegrated after it enters said chamber by the rapidly-revolving pivoted hammers or beaters. In thus crush'- ing the material within the hopper the wear willv come principally upon the swinging revolving hammers or beaters instead of upon any abrading or crushing surfaces or screens within the chamber of the case, as in some similar machines heretofore constructed, and as these revolving hammers or `beaters may be cheaply made and are leasily replaced when worn or broken our improvements provide a machine which is eliicient in operation and which can be run atlittle cost for repairs incident to wear and tear; also, by virtue of the adjustment of the grate or grated hopper relative to the beaters the machine can be readily adapted to be run at any desired expenditure of power. In other words, the output of the machine can by the. adjustment referred to be increased or diminished at pleasure, according to whether or not it is desired to expend more or less power in running it. Owing to the fact that the main crushing or pulverizing action in pur improved mill takes place before the material enters the chamber in which the swinging hammers or beaters rotate, it will be clear that there will be no danger of clogging the mill by a too-rapid feedingl of the material thereto, as is likely to occur with some classes of machines employing swinging revolving beaters and in which the crushing action takes place within the beater containing chamber. In the operation of a machine of this character when too much material enters the beater-chamber the action of the beaters becomes somewhat impeded, and instead of being able to utilize the full effects of the blows which they would otherwise strike the beaters when the chamber becomes somewhat clogged partly drag over the material, and their eective operation is thus greatly interfered with.

Te do not wish to be understood as limiting our invention to the details herein shown,

as these may be varied widely without dewidely, as will be understood.

W'hile we prefer tolocate the hopper' at the side ot' the machine, we do not wish to be understood as limiting` our invention to this arrangement of the hopper, as it might be arranged above the chamber inclosing the revolving beaters, so that the disintegrated material would the more readily fall through the spaces between said grate-bars as it becomes crushed to a proper fineness to permit it to do so.

Having thus described our invention, we claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent-4 l. In a crushing-mill, the combination with a hopper and a case inclosing pivoted revolving beaters, of a grate interposed between the lOO hopper-space and the chamber of the said case and so arranged that the ends of the said hammers or beaters mayextend through the space between the bars of the said grate into the said hopper-space, said hopper having an upper feedingchute and a lower receivingpocket communicating with said chute in whichv the material to be crushed is held in a substantially fixed mass while being subjected to the action of the said beaters solthat the said material may be reduced in the said receiving-pocket by percussive action.

2. In a crushing-mill, the combination with a revolving shaft provided with a beater-carrying head, of a case inclosing said head, a series of pivoted heaters attached to said head, a hopper, a grate interposed between said hopper and the chamber of said case in which the said hammers or beaters rotate, said hopper having an upper feeding-chute and a lower receiving-pocket communicating with said chute in which the material tobe crushed is held in a substantially fixed mass while being subjected to the action of the said beaters so that said material may bereduced in the said receiving-pocket by percussive action, and means for changing therelative positions of the said grateand shaft, whereby the said revolving beaters may be caused to extendl more or less into the chamber of said hopper through the bars of the said grate.

3. In a crushing-mill, the combination with a series of pivoted revolving beaters and a case inclosing the same, of a hopper, a grate IIO IIS

interposed between the hopper-space and the chamber of the said ease in which the said revolving hammers or beaters are inclosed, said hopper having a receiving-pocket at its lower end for coniining the material in a ixed mass while being subjected to the percussive action of said beaters, the said case being adjustable relative to said beaters and the said grate being mounted on said case so as to be adjustable therewith.

4E. In a crushing-mill, the combination with aseries of pivoted revolving ham mers or beaters, of a hopper, a grate interposed between the chamber of the mill and the hopper, and through the bars of which grate the ends ot' the said revolving hammers or beaters extend into the hopper-space, said hopper having a receiving-pocket at its lower end for contining the material in a substantially fixed mass so that it may be reduced by percussive action, and means for regulating the distance of extent into said hopper-space of the ends of the said revolving hammers or beaters.

5. In a crushing-mill, the combination with aseries of pivoted revolving hammers or beaters, of a hopper, a grate interposed between the hopper-chamber and the chamber of the mill, the ends of the said hammers or beaters extending through the bars of the said grate into the hopper-chamber and the said bars being tapering in cross-section with their narrower sides toward the said hammers or beaters so that the latter, as they rotate, will be guided into the iaring spaces thus formed between the grate-bars.

6. In a crushing-mill, the combination with a series of pivoted revolving hammers or beaters and a case or chamber inclosing the same, of a hopper, a grate interposed between the hopper-space and the chamber of said case and through the bars of which the said beaters, when in rotation, extend into the hopperspace, said hopper having an upper feedingchute and a lower receiving-pocket for coniining the material in a substantially fixed mass so that it will be reduced by percussion within the hopper, the said hopper and grate being adjustable together toward and from the said beaters.

7. In a crushing-mill, the combination with a series of pivoted revolving beaters and a case inc-losing the same, of a hopper, a grate interposed between the said hopper and the case or chamber in which the said revolving beaters work, and means for confining the material so that it will be reduced by percussive action in the hopper, the said hopper being provided with an adjustable partition to regulate'the feed of the material to said hammers or beaters.

8. In a crushing-mill, the combination with a series of pivoted revolving hammers or beaters, of a case in which the same are inclosed and which is provided with a hinged top, a hopper having an upper feeding-chute and a lower receiving-pocket, and a series of removable grate-bars interposed between the hopper and the chamber of said case and between which the ends of the said hammers or beaters are adapted to extend into the said hopper-space and act upon the mass of material in said pocket, said grate-bars being held in place by the said hinged top of said case and being adapted to be removed when the said hinged top is raised.

9. In a crushing-mill or disintegrator, the combination with pivoted revolvingv beaters or hammers, and a pocket to receive and hold the material in a substantially fixed mass so as to oppose it to the action of the said beaters or hammers, of an adjustable case or housing inclosing said beaters or hammers, and means for positively holding said case or housingin place in any desired position of adjustment.

l0. In a crushing-machine or disintegrator, the combination with pivoted revolving beaters or hammers, of a hopper havingan upper feeding-chute and a lower receiving-pocket in which the material to be crushed is held in a substantially fixed mass, an adjustable grate, and an adjustable case or housing inclosing the said beaters or hammers and on which said grate is mounted so as to be adjustable therewith.

l1. In a crushing-machine or disintegrator, the combination with pivoted revolving beaters or hammers, and a shaft for operating the same, ofa case or housing inclosing said beaters or hammers, means for changing the relative positions of said shaft and said case or housing, and a hopper having a receivingpocket of rectangular shape at its lower end for holding the material in a substantially fixed mass so as to oppose it to the percussive action of said beaters or hammers.

In testimony whereof we affix our signatures in the presence of two witnesses.

THOMAS L. STURTEVANT. THOMAS J. STURTEVANT.

Witnesses:

O. B. MURRY, LLOYD MAKEPEAGE.

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