US683735A - Process of making petroleum products. - Google Patents

Description

- of Saponaceous Products from cible with any quantity of hot or cold water UNITED STATES SAM DYSON, or

PATENT Orriom ELLAND, AND JOHN oAsKnLL, or Lennon, ENGLAND.

PROCESS OF MAKING PETROLEUM PRODUCTS.-

SPECliFICAIION forming part of Letters Patent No. 683,735, dated October 1, 1901.

Application filed- October 2 9, 1900,

To all whom it IN/(111] concern:

Be it known that we, SAM DYSON, residing at the Atlas Works, Ellau'd, county of York, and JOHN GASKELL, residing at 122 Queens Gate, London, England, subjects of the Queen of Great Britain, have invented certain new and useful Improvement-sin the Mauufac ture Mineral Oils, of which the following is aclear aud exact specification.

Ourinvention consists of aprocess of making a saponaceous product hereinafter called petroleum emulsion? which is suitable as a base or raw, material for the manufacture of all kinds of soap, also for lubricating and other industrial purposes, as hereinafter specified.

Many attempts have been made to produce saponaceouscompounds containing more or less mineral oil, such .as hydrocarbons of the paraff n series; but in order to obtain-a uniform and stable product it was found neces sary either to incorporate foreign mattersuch as carnauba-urax, boraeic acid,or resin-- with the materials usually employed for the manufacture of soap or to restrict the quantity of hydrocarbons to about twenty per cent. If a larger quantity of mineral oil is employed, it will easily separate from the mixture in the shape of globules.

We have found 1 saponaceous compoun hat a stable and uniform d which is easily mismay be obtained by working within certain limits of temperature, hereinafter described, and that if the said saponaceous com pound is used as an intermediateproduct in the manufacture of soft soap a uniform and suitable soft soapcontaining upward'of twenty-five per cent. of mineral oil may be made in a very short time--about three hou rs. For example, to produce from petroleum by means of oleic acid an emulsion soluble in or miscible vwith. water we add to one hundred pounds of potroleum at least ten pounds of oleic acid, preferably from twenty to twenty-five pounds, (according to the nature of the required prod uet,) in a jacketed pan while agitating. "We heat the mixture to a'teinperature ranging between and Fahrenheit and gradually add caustimpotash solution of 40 Baum the rate of three-fourths of a pound to each ,Scrial No. 34,866. (lie spccirnonsJ pound of oleic acid employed. This produces a uniform and transparent petroleum-jelly which is miscible with water and which may be used for the various purposes hereinafter described; but we find that a more perfect saponificati on is produced by diluting this jelly with from twenty to fifty per cent. of water, while maintaining the temperature and continuing the agitating, the result being to form a petroleumemulsion which is readily miscible with hot'orcold water in any proportions and which can be more easily mixed with soft soaps or other saponaceous compounds than is the -case with thepctrolcum jelly described above. l

The quantity of alkali used for the saponification may be varied according to the nature of the product required. For instance, emulsions intended for the manufacture of insecticide, sheep-dip, lubricants, and similar products should be neutral, while for most kinds of soap an excess of alkali isbene- The temperatures mentioned above have given the best results, although the emulsion can be formed at. a temperature of about ten degrees higher or lower thanthe limit stated. Instead of petroleum, such as kerosene or lamp oil, We may use other mineral oils, which are liquid at the temperature used int-he process, whether such oils are derived from -the distillation of petroleum, tar, bituminous shale, or-from other sources. Instead of Oleic acid or'olein we may use stearic, palmi tic, or other similar fatty acids, according to the nature of the product.-

-Tl1e petroleum emulsion and petroleumjelly used, as described, may be used as a'raw material orintermediate product in the manna facture of soft or hard soap, sheep-wash, in-

secticide, lubricants, and varnish.

To produce bright and clear soft soap, we take eight hundred pounds of petroleum emul= sion, add to it two hundred pounds of oleic acid or olein and from one hundred and fifty to two hundred pounds of caustic-potash so lution of 30 Baum according to the strength of the soap required, and thoroughly mix the said materials by means of a mechanical ,mi'xer until the caustic liquor has been absorbed. By subsequently raising the temperature to about to.190 Fahrenheit a bright product is atonee obtained. The

' quantity of-oleic acid may be varied according to the quality of soap required.

To produce hard soap, we take soap made from animal or vegetable fat by. any of the known methods, place the same in a mixingpan, an d gradually-mix with it a quantity-of petroleum emulsion varying between twenty and fiftyper cent. of the weight of the finished product by means of the ordinary crutching apparatus used in soap-works. This addition considerably reduces the cost ofthe soap and increases its cleansin g and detergent properties,while it also gives to-the soap antiseptic properties and makes it ,a powerful disinfectant. I

As indicated above, the saponaceous emulsion obtained as described may be used also as a raw'm'aterial or base inthe manufacture of insecticide, sheep-(1i p, lubric ants,and similar products. I I

It is not new to usepetroleum-jellyfor the manufacture of saponaceous products by mixing it with ordinary soap; but the prod not -then obtained is deficient in cleansing prop-l erties, because ordinary-petroleum jelly, known under the name of Vaseline, consists' of heavy hydrocarbons, which will not dissolve grease or penetrate into textile fabrics or the skin-like benzin o'r-other like mineral oils,

WeIma-ke no general claim to. the use of petroleum-jelly in the manner; described above, but limitourselves to emulsions or witnesses.

jellies obtained by the saponification of fatty matter in mixture with mineral oils.

Having thus fully described our invention,

what we claim as new, and desire to secure byLetters Patent, is-

1, The process of making petroleum emulsion, consisting in mixing mineral oil with fatty acid, heating the mixture uniformly between the temperature 110t0 150 Fahren heit, gradually adding an alkaline solution and subsequently water,while constantly stirring, and maintaining the temperature, substantially as described.

2. The process of making soap, which consists'i'n taking eight hundred parts of apetroleum emulsion consisting of petroleum, alkali and a fatty acid, adding theretosubstantially two hundred parts of olin or oleic acid and onehundred and fifty to two hundred parts of caustic-potash-solution of 30 Baum and thoroughly mixing the said ma terials until the caustic liquor has been absorbed, substantially as described.

In witness whereof we have, hereunto set our hands in the presenceof t vo subscribing