US683643A - Burning-kiln for bricks. - Google Patents

Description

No. 683,643. Patented Get. l, |901.

.1. PQB. FlsKE. BURNING K'LNv BRIGKS.

(Applicatioxgled Dec. 17, 1900.) (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet I.

J i MM. @M /(WIM: i

No. 683,643. Patented 0st. I, |901.l

J. P. B. FISKE.

BURNING KlLN FUR BRICKS.

(Application led De'c. 17, 1900.) (Nn Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

@g @Y I yUNITED STATES PATENT FFIC.

v'JONATHAN P. B. FISKE, OF NEWTON, MASSACHUSETTS;

BURNING-KILN Foa BRlcKs.

srncIFIcATIom'forming part o'f Letters Patent No. 683,643, dated october 1, 1901. Application filed December 17, 1900. Serial No. 40,067. (No model.)

To a/ZZ tali/0771, it may concern:

Beit known that I, JONATHAN P. B.F1skn, a citizen of the United States,residing at Newton, county of Middlesex, State of Massachusette, haveinvented an Improvementin Burning-Kilns for Bricks, of which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specication, like characters on the drawings representing like parts.

My invention is an improvement in brickkilns, and has for its primary object the provision of economical means for providing uniform burning of the bricks with a minimum cost of labor, fuel, and plant.

A s at present usually constructed brickkilns, especially of the continuous variety, are quite elaborate and expensive, inasmuch as they contain a more or less complex system of flues leading to a stationary and expensive stack or chimney placed usually at a distance. These iues being contained in the walls of the kiln, or more often beneath the same, not only require large walls of superior construction to withstand the settling tendency due to repeated heating and cooling, but give a very irregular draft, because of the changes in temperature of the atmosphere, which of course affects the drawing capacity of the stack and changes the temperature of the earth and brickwork adjacent and constituting the flues. This irregularity andimperfection of draft and construction results also in irregular burning of the bricks, as the bricks in certain portions of the kiln-chambers are apt to be underburned or overburned, as the case may be. Accordingly I have provided the apparatus set forth in this specification, whereby the disadvantages above set forth are obviated and rapidity and uniformity of burning are secured at a minimum cost of plant, labor, and fuel.

I employ a forced draft and have herein shown a portable apparatus preferably arranged to travel over the top of the kiln and provided with means for cooperating with the tops of the chambers or with the kiln-covers, as the case may be,'at one point and another of the kiln as the burning therein progresses. When an ordinary draft is used, either that provided by a stack in usual manner or in any other way, to produce a suction, the tendency is for cold air from the outside to remedied simply by providing a forced draft' instead of a suction-draft, the forced draft causing any leaks which may occur to take place outward, and therefore being incapable of injury to the bricks either in affecting their color or uniformity of burning.

The structural details of myinvention and various other matters thereof will be pointed out lnore fully in the following description,

reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which I have shown apreferred embodiment of my invention, and the latter will be more particularly defined in the appended claims.

In the drawings, Figure l isA a transverse vertical section of a kiln constructed according to my invention and provided with my improved apparatus, parts being broken away for convenience of illustration. Fig. 2 is a vertical section taken on the line 2 2, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 isa top plan view thereof.

Referring to the drawings, it will be seen that I have chosen lto illustrate my invention in connection with a continuous kiln A, whose chambers aI have numbered for convenience of reference; but it Will be understood that my invention is not limited in its application to the kind of kiln shown, the word chamber including any division into which a kiln maybe separated either permanently or otherwise. For the latter reason I have alsoomitted various details of construction of the kiln and have simplyindicated a type of the kiln and have provided the same with openings a ythrough the roof and fire-holes a2 through the partition-walls a3, stacks of bricks being indicated in the chambers at b. Cooperating 'with the holes a' is a forceddraft apparatus C, herein shown as mounted on'a truck c,

whose Wheels c travel on a track c2 of any preferred construction. At one end the-truck c is provided with a portable blower c3 for producing a forced draft for driving the air forcibly down into and through the bricks and successive chambers to such extent as may be required. This blower may be of any common construction, and therefore the details thereof will not be described. Connected to the blower is a pipe c, which is herein shown as provided with necks or branch pipes c5, projecting downwardlyin alinement with the series of holes which the pipe c4 is arranged to cooperate with,there being herein shown merely for convenience of illustration six of these pipes cooperating with the six holes with which each kiln-chamber is shown as provided.

As a convenient means for quickly and accurately connecting and disconnecting the portable portion of the draft apparatus with the holes in the kiln-chambers I have connected the pipe c4 and the blower o8 by a flexible joint c6 and have mounted the pipe c4 on friction-rolls c7, secured at opposite sides of the pipe-to the truck, as clearly shown in Fig. 2. Each hole is provided with a sealing-cap a4. I do not claim the sealing-caps in themselves, as I avail myself of the kind already used; but I use them with a different arrangement for producing certain new results, as will'be pointed out more fully later on, and in this connection I regard them as forming an important feature of my invention.

The 'lire-holes are shown as provided with a projection or ledge a5 for cooperating with a sealing damper or curtain a6. This curtain carries a weight or iron rod a7 at its lower end and a plate as and hooks a at its upper end, so that it may be lowered through the holes d and dropped in position for sealing a firehole as may be required as the burning progresses.

Having thus described the leading details of my apparatus, the operation is as follows: As shown in Fig. 2, chamber 1 is being emptied of burned bricks, and as the draft is a forced draft it follows that unless stopped it would iiow backward as readily as it would ilow forward, and accordingly I apply the curtains or flue-stops a to the'Iire-holes a2 between the chambers l and 2, thereby preventing the air from the portable apparatus from flowing backward into chamber 2, and thereby producinga back draft and obliging it to pass forward through the hot chamber 3 of burned bricks, the burning-chamber 4, and the hot chamber 5 of green bricks, and thence to the outer air. By forcing the air under considerable pressure it is compelled to carry the heat into every part of the several chambers, and in this connection I desire to emphasize an extremely advantageous feature of my invention, this feature residing in the extreme facility with which the draft may be equalized in the different portions of any chamber, as may be desired. If, for inesame stance, it be found that the bricks are not burningl as rapidly in one forward corner of chamber 4 as they are in the rest of that chamber, I simply remove the sealing-caps a4 from the holes a in the adjacent corner of chamber 5, thereby producing a local draft and compelling the draft to quicken in the corner in question, or if it were the rear corner of the chamber that was being improperly burned the fault would readily be remedied by removing the caps at w, as indicated in Fig. 3, which would direct a large portion of the draft to that part of chamber 4. By having the forced draft, as explained, no cold jets of air can possibly strike against the hot bricks, because if there be any leakage it is necessarily all outward, and hence there is no possibility of deterioration from this common cause. As the portable draft apparatus is all the time dealing with cold air and can therefore never become burned ont,it is capable of very long life.

It will be understood that I do not claim the provision, broadly, of a pipe and connections with openings in a kiln, nor do I claim the blower nor the truck, as each of these is old and used separately in other connections and for other purposes; but I do claim,.broadly, the forced draft, with portable means for applyingit at Various points about the kiln, and particularly the various elements of the apparatus when used together for accomplishing the results already set forth at length in this description, and accordingly I do not intend to limit myself to the structural details, as many variations in arrangement and combination thereof may be resorted to without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention.

In explaining the operation of the invention I have referred only to five chambers or sections, that being the portion of the kiln fully shown; but in practice the kiln will of course contain any usual or preferred num,- ber of chambers and thecirculation of the hot gases will take place through the usual' number of said chambers, commencing at a chamber which is practically cold, passing through a series of successively-hotter chambers to the burning-chamber, from which the waste gases are driven forward to heat the green bricks, until iinally when cold said gases escape from the kiln.

Having described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. A kiln for bricks and the like, having a series of burning-chambers, draft-holes in said chambers, and a portable forced-draft apparatus arranged to cooperate with said holes for forcing the draft into and through the chambers and contained stacks of bricks and means for preventing a back draft into the chambers being emptied.

2. A kiln for burning bricks and the like, having a' series of burning-chambers, a series of draft-holes in each chamber, a port- IOO esame able pipe with lateral branches arranged to cooperate with said draft-holes, and means for forcing air through said pipe into said chamber,

3. A kiln for bricks and the like, having a series of burning-chambers,draft-holes in said chambers, and a portable forced-draft apparatus arranged to cooperate with said holes for forcing the draft into and through the chambers and contained stacks of bricks, combined with removable sealing-caps for closing said holes and permitting any of them, as may be desired, to be uncovered for creating local draftsin connection with said forced draft.

4. A kiln for bricks and the like, having a series of burning chambers separated by walls provided with fireholes,removable sealing dampers or curtains for said re-holes, and portable means for producing a forced draft in and blowing the air forcibly through said chambers.

.5. A kiln provided with a series of burning-chambers, draft-holes through the roofs of said chambers, and a portable forced-draft apparatus for cooperating with said draftholes and forcing external air into and through said chambers, said portable apparatus including a blower for producing said forced draft.

6. A kiln provided with a series of burning-chambers, draft-holes through the roofs of said chambers, and a portable forced-draft apparatus for cooperating with said draftholes and forcing external airinto and through said chambers, said portable apparatus including a blower for producing said forced draft, and a pipe having branch connections adapted to cooperate simultaneously with a series of said draft-holes.

7. A kiln for burning bricks and the like, having a plurality of chambers each provided with a series of draft-holes, combined with a portable forced-draft apparatus including a pipe and connections therefrom for cooperating simultaneously with a series of draftholes, means supporting said pipe and permitting the same to be rocked into and out of operative positionA 8. A kiln for burning bricks and the like, having a plurality of chambers each provided with a series of draft-holes, combined with a portable forced-draft apparatus including a pipe and connections therefrom for coperating simultaneously with said series of draftholes, means supporting said pipe and permitting the same to be rocked into and out of operative position, a blower mounted on said supportingmeans, and a flexible-joint connection between said pipe and said blower for permitting the pipe to be rocked relatively to the blower.

9. A brick-kiln having a plurality of chambers, draft-holes for said chambers, a track cooperating with said series of chambers, a truck movable on said track, a blower mounted on said truck, and a pipe also mounted on said truck and connected to said blower, said pipe having branch connections for coperating with said draft-holes.

l0. A kiln for burning bricks and the like, having a plurality of burnin g-chambers, each having draft-holes in the top, said chambers being separated by walls, fire-holes in` said walls, and stopping devices capable of being manipulated from the outsiderthrough said draft-holes for being placed in stopping-pw sition over said fire-holes, combined with a portable forced-draft apparatus for coperating with draf.tholes of said kiln ahead of the wall Whose fire-holes have been closed by said stopping devices.

11. In a brick-kiln having a fire-hole provided with a ledge or projection at one side of the wall, and a stopping device therefor in the form of a curtain provided with a plate and hooks in its upper end and weighted at its lower end.

12. A kiln for burning bricks and the like, having a series of connecting chambers or divisions, means for opening and closing communication between them, provision forl a ire for burning the bricks, and a forced-draft apparatus for blowing air to said fire and through a plurality of said chambers.

In testimony whereot` I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JONATHAN P. B. FISKE.

Witnesses:

GEO. H. MAXWELL, GEO. W. GREGORY.

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